Download - DNV Introduction

Regulations Pipelines & Subsea

10. Mars 2009Olav Fyrileiv - DNVAnders Husby - DNV

Pipeline Technology Basic Course Slide 204 March 2009

Objectives of Presentation

Governing requirements in a project development

How have authorities organised the regulations?

DNV codes for pipelines overview & safety format

Regulations for subsea


Governing requirements in a project

Frame agreement specifications

ProjectDesign premise

Auth.Rules & Reg.

Selected standards (ISO, Norsok, DNV, API, ASME etc.)

Operation &Maint. Req's

Functional andTechnical Req's

Authorities

Operator

Standards


Authority control

How have authorities organised the regulations?


API

Petroleum-tilsynet

Authority control

Petroleumsloven

Guidelines

FrameRegulation

Supplementary regulations

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Installation regulation

$10 Loads, load effects and resistance Loads that may affect installations or parts thereof, shall be quantified.

Guideline

To $10 Loads, load effects and resistanceTo satisfy the requirements to loads, load effects, resistance and combinations of loads on the pipeline system the following standards should be used: ISO 13623 section 6 and DNV OS-F101 section 3, 4 and 5 for rigid pipelines,

DNV-OS

DNV-RP

DNV-OSS

Certification

Detailed requirem

ents


Petroleumstilsynet

ISO How detailed are these?

Petroleumsloven

ISOAPI

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DNV-OS

DNV-RP

DNV-OSS

Certification

Detailed requirem

ents

13623

3183


Conditions for development of codes

ISO- Developed by committees- Rely on knowledge and resources of the individual committee members - Tries to achieve consensus

DNV - DNV-OS-F101 is based on Joint Industry Projects with the resources to perform work- DNV is dependent on good relations with the industry and send all offshore codes on

external hearings. As a result, the offshore codes are updated prior to final issue. Enables DNV to respond more promptly to industry needs.


Recommended PracticesDNV-RP

Offshore StandardDNV-OS

Offshore Service Specification

DNV-OSS

DNV Offshore Codes

Quali

ty &S

afety

Stru

ctur

es Systems

Special FacilitiesPipelines & RisersM

ateria

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logy FA B C D E

Clas

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Shelf

Com

pl.

Cert.RECOMMENDED PRACTICE

RP-F102PIPELINE FIELD JOINT COATING

AND FIELD REPAIR OFLINEPIPE EXTERNAL COATING

DET NORSKE VERITAS

RECOMMENDED PRACTICERP-F102

PIPELINE FIELD JOINT COATING AND FIELD REPAIR OF

LINEPIPE EXTERNAL COATING

DET NORSKE VERITAS


CATHODIC PROTECTION OF SUBMARINE PIPELINES

BY GALVANIC ANODES

DET NORSKE VERITAS


CATHODIC PROTECTION OF SUBMARINE PIPELINES

BY GALVANIC ANODES

DET NORSKE VERITAS

RECOMMENDED PRACTICERP-F10X

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF HIGH PRESSURE/HIGH TEMPERATURE

PIPELINES

DET NORSKE VERITAS

RECOMMENDED PRACTICERP-F10X

STRUCTURAL DESIGN OF HIGH PRESSURE/HIGH TEMPERATURE

PIPELINES

DET NORSKE VERITAS


COUPLED ANALYSES

DET NORSKE VERITAS


COUPLED ANALYSES

DET NORSKE VERITAS


RISER FATIGUE

DET NORSKE VERITAS


RISER FATIGUE

DET NORSKE VERITAS


RISER COLLISION

DET NORSKE VERITAS


RISER COLLISION

DET NORSKE VERITAS

RECOMMENDED PRA CTICERP-F1XX

On Bottom Stability of pipelines

DET NORSKE VERITAS

RECOMMENDED PRA CTICERP-F1XX


DET NORSKE VERITAS

RECOMMENDED PRACTICERP-F1XX


DET NORSKE VERITAS


Installation calculation Procedures of pipelines

DET NORSKE VERITAS



DET NORSKE VERITAS


Interference between Trawl gear and pipelines

DET NORSKE VERITAS


Offshore Service Specification (OSS)

Scope of work for certification and verification

Involvement in three degrees (low, normal or high)


Offshore Standard (OS)

Enables the operators to reduce CAPEX while maintaining integrity

Technical requirements- No references to DNV

Harmonised with ISO- ISO 13623 Pipeline Transportation

Systems- ISO 3183 Linepipe

Limit state based design criteria

Calibrated safety factors


RP for pipeline applications

1995 2000 2005 2010

RP-F101 Corroded pipelines

RP-F102 FJC

RP-F103 CP design

RP-F104 Mechanical couplings

RP-F105 Free spans

RP-F106 External coating

RP-F107 Protection

RPF-108 Reeling

RP-F109 On bottom stab.

RP-F110 Global buckling

RP-F111 Trawling

RP-F112 HISC

RP-F113 Repair

Laying criteria

JIP1st rev.JIP2nd rev.JIP3rd. Rev.Superseeded


What do you think?

What shall be the premises for designing a structure from structural point of view?


Safety Philosophy


The design shall also consider the consequence!

Safety philosophy

But some buildings are design for the unlikely event of aeroplane impacts!


Safety philosophy

Criteria for modern design

A pipeline shall be designed considering the likelihood of loads and consequence of failure!


Safety philosophy

Risk is a combination of- Probability of failure- Consequence of failure

Risk/SafetyR ~ P C


Safety Philosophy

A pipeline shall be designed considering the likelihood of loads and consequence of failure!

The pipeline shall be designed so that the risk is acceptable!


What do you think?

What is acceptable risk?


Consequences

The consequences are normally divided into- Human- Environmental- Economical

For pipelines, this can normally be expressed in terms of:- Content (Environment)- Location class (Human)

The consequences are divided into Safety Classes,

Hence, the safety class depend on- Content- Location


Phase Fluid Category A and C

Fluid Category B, D and E

Location Class Location Class 1 2 1 2 Temporary Low Low - -

Operational Low Medium (Normal)

Medium(Normal)

High

Installation

Water and air

Off-platform zone

Near-platform zone

Off-platform zone Near-platform

zone

Other

Safety Class selection - Normal case


603 As far as possible, nominal target failure probability levels shall be calibrated against identical or similar pipeline designs that are known to have adequate safety on the basis of this standard. If this is not feasible, the nominal target failure probability level shall be based on the failure type and safety class as given in Table 2-5.

Target safety levels


Design philosophy of DNV-OS-F101

SystematicReview (QRA)

Safety Objective

Safety Class Methodology

Quality Assurance

Shall be established, plannedand implemented

No single failure shall lead to life threateningsituations or unacceptable damage to facilities

or the environment. Quantitative Risk Analysis

Safety Class depends on fluid, location and phase of project.

Partial Safety Factor methodology means that factored design loads do not exceed factored design resistance for any of the considered failure modes. The factors are related to limit states and calibrated for the different safety classes.

Human errors shall be controlled by requirements for organization of the work competence, verification and quality assurance. ISO 9000 gives guidance on the selection and use of quality systems.


Preferred Code specific Code

Which is the best code to use?- The one that gives thinnest wall?- The one that gives thickest wall?

1. The one that ensures a minimum acceptable safety level

2. Given the above, the one that gives the lowest life cycle cost!

This implies that it may vary from project to project and based on previous experience!


Preferred Code specific Code

Which codes ensures a minimum acceptable safety level?

1. Traditional codes on standard applications provides an acceptable safety level

2. On new applications, e.g. new concepts, High Pressure/High Temperature pipelines, ultra deep water etc, limit state based codes with calibrated safety factors are required to ensure acceptable safety level. Other codes provide unknown safety level.


Example: Fatigue Calculation Free Span

Damage accumulation by Miner-Palmgren:

Number of stress cycles:

Number of cycles to failure by SN curve:

=i

ifat N

nD

Tf)(Pn vi =

mii SaN=

1

10

100

1000

1.E+03 1.E+04 1.E+05 1.E+06 1.E+07 1.E+08 1.E+09 1.E+10

No of cycles, N

S

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S

NSW

SSW

(a1;m1)

(a2;m2)


Link to RP-C203 : Fatigue Strength

Steel SMYS < 700/500 MPa

C-Mn, Duplex, Super Duplex, austenitic (downgrade)

Crack growth at girth welds

Environment at crack initiation- In air- Seawater w/cathodic protection- Seawater (free corrosion)

Stress concentration factors due to misalignment accounted for in some curves

Extreme outer fibre stresses


Table 5-9 Allowable damage ratio for fatigueSafety Class Low Normal Highfat 1/3 1/5 1/10

Example: Fatigue Safety factors

DNV OS-F101:

RP-F105:

Safety factors on main sources of uncertainty

Consistent link between models and safety factors

Similar safety level on average More uniform safety level for different

cases On average equal to DNV OS-F101

Table 1 General safety factors for fatigue Safety Class Safety Factor

Low Normal High 1.0 0.5 0.25 k 1.0 1.15 1.30 s 1.3

on, IL 1.1 on, CF 1.2

Table 2 Safety factor for natural frequencies, f

Safety Class Free span type Low Normal High

Very Well def. 1.0 1.0 1.0 Well def. 1.05 1.1 1.15

Not Well def. 1.1 1.2 1.3

Rules for design -Subsea Production Systems

10.03.2009

Anders E. HusbySubsea, DNV Energy


Rules for design - a brief introduction

Kristin Template & Manifold


Subsea Production System - Structures

Structures for Subsea Production Systems:TemplatesCluster ManifoldsPLEMsPLETsRiser BasesSubsea Distribution Units. and more.

Rules for Design relating to:Structural DesignInstallationMarine OperationsPiping Design


Rules for design Codes and Standards

ISO 13628-1

Steel structure: NS 3472

NORSOK N-001

NORSOK U-001

The following standards are a selection normally used for template/manifold design. The code requirements will vary withcustomer preference and legislation

ASME B31.3

ASME B31.8

DNV-OS-F101

DNV Rules for planning and Execution of Marine Operations

New Standard proposed: ISO 13628-15 Structures and Manifolds currently based on API 17P

How are these tied together ??


PTIL requirements

Innretningsforskriften


Rules for design Steel Structures

Hierarchy (Norwegian Sector)

Frame agreement specifications

NORSOK U-001, ISO 13628-1

PTIL.

Selected standards, NS 3472, API RP 2A-WSD

NORSOK N-001ISO 13628-15, ISO 19900


Rules for design Steel Structures

ISO 13628-1 / NORSOK U-001

1. ISO 19900

2. NORSOK N-001

3. Steel Structure: NS 3472

Example


Rules for Subsea Lifting

Relevant DNV Publications, Lifting- and Subsea operations:

DNV Rules for Planning and Execution ofMarine Operations2000

Special planned,non-routine operations of limited durations, at sea. Marine operations arenormally related to temporary phases as e.g.load transfer, transportation and installation.

DNV-OS-E402

Offshore Standard for Diving

Systems January 2004

( Amendments October 2008)

DNV Standard for Certification

No. 2.22 Lifting Aplliances

October 2008

DNV Standard for Certification

No. 2.7.1 Offshore Containers

April 2006 Special planned non-routine operations Routine operations


Relevant DNV Publications - Other

DNV-RP-C205 Environmental Conditions and Environmental Loads April 2007 (replacing Classification Notes No 30.5)

DNV-RP-H101 Risk Management in Marine and Subsea Operations, January 2003

DNV-RP H102 Marine Operations during Removal of Offshore Installations, April 2004

Standard for Certification No. 2.7.3 Portable Offshore Units, June 2006(a new revision is planned which will include subsea units)


Rules for design - Piping,

Production, Injection, service lines


Piping a bit of backgroundEarly 90ies.

ASME B31.3 rules.- Used Topside, adapted to Subsea use- Resulted in relatively heavy wall thickness but

still acceptable due to moderate design pressures.

- Allowed high mechanical stress utilization (displacement stress).

Late 90ies

Projects required higher design pressures.- ASME B31.3 resulted in unpractical heavy wall

thickness- Standard piping not sufficient (Sch 160 ++) - Material properties questionable du to wt > 20

mm- Welding issues (cost !)

wt


Piping a bit of backgroundContInto the 2000.

Other design codes applied.- ASME B31.8 Gas transmission (Offshore Appendix)- DNV-OS-F101 Subsea Pipeline System- API RP 1111- ASME B31.4- BS 8010-3- Generally these resulted in lower wall thickness and more practical

considering sourcing, welding, material properties etc.

Which is correct ?

What about the safetylevel ?


Piping the futureReview of suitability of codes.

Currently all have limitations

There is a need in the industry for specific design rules for manifold piping

DNV-OS-F101 can be revised to suit manifold piping through a JIP

ISO 13628- 15 may provide guidance


SummaryDesign Codes

Structure

Marine Operations

Piping

ISO 13628- 15..