Distribution Automation Distribution Automation ––An OverviewAn Overview
Doug StaszeskyDirector – Product Management
Automation Systems DivisionAutomation Systems DivisionS&C Electric Company
A Little HistoryA Little History
Late 1970’sLate 1970’s–– SCADA: big computers slow & unreliable communicationSCADA: big computers slow & unreliable communication–– SCADA: big computers, slow & unreliable communicationSCADA: big computers, slow & unreliable communication–– Sectionalizers, reclosers, some loop scheme, autoSectionalizers, reclosers, some loop scheme, auto--transfertransfer
Mid 1980’sMid 1980’sSCADA t tti f t di i tiSCADA t tti f t di i ti–– SCADA: computers getting faster, radio communication SCADA: computers getting faster, radio communication advancesadvances
Early 1990’sEarly 1990’s–– SCADA SCADA –– faster and faster faster and faster –– more memory more memory –– more more
applications become availableapplications become available–– Still no true automationStill no true automation
Mid 1990’Mid 1990’Mid 1990’sMid 1990’s–– SCADA SCADA –– starting to see the next generation replacing the starting to see the next generation replacing the
oldold–– True automation debut’s on the sceneTrue automation debut’s on the scene
A Little HistoryA Little History
Late 1990’sLate 1990’sSCADASCADA sta ting to see the ne t gene ation eplacing thesta ting to see the ne t gene ation eplacing the–– SCADA SCADA –– starting to see the next generation replacing the starting to see the next generation replacing the oldold
–– Distribution automation debut’s on the scene Distribution automation debut’s on the scene –– based on based on SCADA controlSCADA controlSCADA controlSCADA control
2000’s2000’s–– SCADA applications grow significantly due to significant SCADA applications grow significantly due to significant pp g g y gpp g g y g
computer power growthcomputer power growth–– Communication makes quantum leapsCommunication makes quantum leaps–– Distributed intelligence based DA arrivesDistributed intelligence based DA arrivesDistributed intelligence based DA arrivesDistributed intelligence based DA arrives
FutureFuture–– Systems become fully integrated Systems become fully integrated –– automatic optimization; automatic optimization;
i t ti f ti t f i ti t ti f ti t f i tintegration from generation to refrigeratorintegration from generation to refrigerator
DistributionDistributionDistributionDistribution
8%8%
Gets the “watts” to the customerGets the “watts” to the customeri i ’ i fi i ’ i fBiggest impact on customer’s perception of Biggest impact on customer’s perception of
Quality of SupplyQuality of SupplyS ll t f t ’ billS ll t f t ’ billSmall part of customer’s billSmall part of customer’s bill–– Cost cutting has little overall effect on the Cost cutting has little overall effect on the
customer’s billcustomer’s billcustomer s billcustomer s bill
DriversDrivers
Market TrendsMarket TrendsUtility IncentivesUtility Incentives–– RatesRates–– Customer SatisfactionCustomer Satisfaction–– New Business DevelopmentNew Business Development
MeasurementsMeasurements
SAIDI SAIDI –– System Average Interruption System Average Interruption D ti I dD ti I dDuration IndexDuration IndexSAIFI SAIFI –– System Average Interruption System Average Interruption F eq en IndeF eq en IndeFrequency IndexFrequency IndexCAIDI CAIDI –– Customer Average Interruption Customer Average Interruption Duration IndexDuration IndexDuration IndexDuration IndexMAIFI MAIFI –– Momentary Average Interruption Momentary Average Interruption Frequency IndexFrequency IndexFrequency IndexFrequency Index
If you don’t measure it… you won’t improve itIf you don’t measure it… you won’t improve it–– Anonymous Management TruthAnonymous Management Truth
Reliability Improvement StrategiesReliability Improvement Strategies
Worst Circuit improvementWorst Circuit improvementRepeat outage improvementRepeat outage improvementSystem improvementSystem improvementCondition improvementCondition improvement
How?How?
Tactical vs. Strategic approachesTactical vs. Strategic approachesSystem Maintenance / rebuilding / System Maintenance / rebuilding / upgradingupgrading
i i S i di i S i d–– Tree Trimming; Surge Arresters; Line upgrades; Tree Trimming; Surge Arresters; Line upgrades; shield wire; shield wire;
Distribution AutomationDistribution AutomationDistribution AutomationDistribution Automation
Distribution AutomationDistribution Automation
Distribution Automation is routinely found to Distribution Automation is routinely found to b th l t t SAIDI i tb th l t t SAIDI i tbe the lowest cost per SAIDI minute be the lowest cost per SAIDI minute improvement.improvement.
DA is also the fastest path to reliabilityDA is also the fastest path to reliability–– DA is also the fastest path to reliability DA is also the fastest path to reliability improvementimprovement
Advanced Distribution Circuit Advanced Distribution Circuit R li bilit T h iR li bilit T h iReliability TechniquesReliability Techniques
SS Di t ib t dDi t ib t d HRDS OHRDS O HRDS Cl dHRDS Cl d Power Power SCADASCADA Source Source
TransferTransferDistributedDistributedIntelligenceIntelligence
HRDS OpenHRDS Open--LoopLoop
HRDS ClosedHRDS Closed--LoopLoop
Power Power Electronic Electronic SwitchingSwitching
55--60 min60 min 22--5 sec5 sec 1010--60 sec60 sec 3 sec3 sec NoNo--OutageOutage NoNo--OutageOutage
Extended Outage Extended Outage Impacts SAIDIImpacts SAIDI Spot SolutionSpot Solution Tactical /Tactical /
Tactical SolutionTactical SolutionOnly Customers Only Customers Tactical SolutionTactical Solution TacticalTacticalImpacts SAIDI, Impacts SAIDI,
SAIFI, CAIDISAIFI, CAIDISpot SolutionSpot Solution StrategicStrategic Beyond Fault Beyond Fault
ImpactedImpactedNoNo--OutageOutage Power QualityPower Quality
Autonomous Autonomous --Dispatcher Dispatcher
decision making decision making requiredrequired
AutonomousAutonomousTypically applied Typically applied for one customerfor one customer
Distributed Distributed IntelligenceIntelligence
Scalable / Asset Scalable / Asset ManagementManagement
Unlimited Units Unlimited Units --Universal Universal
ApplicationApplication
Unlimited Units Unlimited Units --Special ApplicationSpecial Application
Primary NetworkPrimary Network
UPS UPS -- 30 sec 30 sec RideRide--throughthrough
ExampleExample
A Cooperative Case StudyA Cooperative Case Study
Large RetailerLarge RetailerNot happy with reliabilityNot happy with reliabilitySystem constraints prevent “traditional” System constraints prevent “traditional” approachesapproachesAdvanced Feeder Automation used to solve Advanced Feeder Automation used to solve
blblproblemproblem
BT4
S3
T2
PrimarySource
LD1
S1 S2
LD1
AT3 T1
S1 S2
Second
LD2
S5
SecondAlternateSource
T6
S5
S4
FirstAlternateSource
LD3
CT6
T5
S4 Source
BT4
S3
T2
PrimarySource
LD11 5MVA
S1 S2
LD11.5MVA
AT3 T1
S1 S2
Second
LD2
0.75MVA
S5
SecondAlternateSource
0.75MVA
T6
S5
S4
FirstAlternateSource
LD30.25MVA
CT6
T5
S4 Source
BT4
S3
T2
T4CRITICAL
LOADPrimarySource
LD11 5MVA
S1 S2
LD11.5MVA
AT3 T1
S1 S2
Second
LD2
0.75MVA
S5
SecondAlternateSource
0.75MVA
T6
S5
FirstAlternateSource
LD30.25MVA
CT6
T5
S4 Source
BT4
S3
T2
PrimarySource
LD11 5MVA
S1 S2
LD11.5MVA
AT3 T1
S1 S2
Second
LD2
0.75MVA
S5
SecondAlternateSource
0.75MVA
T6
S5
S4
FirstAlternateSource
LD30.25MVA
CT6
T5
S4 Source
For reference information, refer to following slidesFor reference information, refer to following slidesOrOr
Call Doug StaszeskyCall Doug Staszesky773773--338338--1000 ext 25601000 ext 2560773773 338338 1000 ext 25601000 ext 2560
REFERENCE MATERIALREFERENCE MATERIAL
The information beyond this slide is for The information beyond this slide is for your reference and will not be reviewed your reference and will not be reviewed d i th id i th iduring the session.during the session.
Value of ReliabilityValue of Reliability
The CostThe Cost
On average, every day perhaps half a million On average, every day perhaps half a million Americans lose power for over two hours Americans lose power for over two hours ––ppcosting the American economy $100 billion a costing the American economy $100 billion a year equipment upgrades, realyear equipment upgrades, real--time time monitoring, and onmonitoring, and on--site generation. site generation. (EPRI)(EPRI)
Average cost of a oneAverage cost of a one--hour outage at nearly hour outage at nearly $300,000. $300,000. (Midyear National Business Customer Assessment conducted by RKS Research & (Midyear National Business Customer Assessment conducted by RKS Research & Consulting)Consulting)
ValueValue
New Zealand Utility New Zealand Utility -- $30,000 to $100,000 $30,000 to $100,000 SAIDI i tSAIDI i tper SAIDI minuteper SAIDI minute
–– Based on combined utility cost and value to Based on combined utility cost and value to customercustomercustomercustomer
–– Based on nature of circuit/area and type of Based on nature of circuit/area and type of customer on circuitscustomer on circuits
US UtilitiesUS Utilities
US Utilities US Utilities -- $1.5MM per SAIDI minute $1.5MM per SAIDI minute improvementimprovementimprovementimprovement–– Absolute value for comparison of techniquesAbsolute value for comparison of techniques–– Based on cost to achieve one minute of improvementBased on cost to achieve one minute of improvement
Utility 1 Utility 1 -- $1.5MM per minute $1.5MM per minute –– mandate from PUC mandate from PUC to reduce SAIDI or $6MM penaltyto reduce SAIDI or $6MM penaltyUtility 2Utility 2 $1 20 per customer (approx 1 2MM$1 20 per customer (approx 1 2MM custcust))Utility 2 Utility 2 -- $1.20 per customer (approx 1.2MM $1.20 per customer (approx 1.2MM custcust))Utility 3 Utility 3 –– Started at $200k/minute Started at $200k/minute –– escalated to escalated to $1.5MM per minute as low hanging fruit picked$1.5MM per minute as low hanging fruit picked$ p g g p$ p g g pUtility 3 Utility 3 –– spent $30MM to reduce SAIDI by 10 spent $30MM to reduce SAIDI by 10 minutesminutes
What To Do?What To Do?
Feeder Automation?Feeder Automation?
Substation Automation?Substation Automation?
StandStand--Alone?Alone?StandStand Alone?Alone?
Central Intelligence?Central Intelligence?
Distributed Intelligence?Distributed Intelligence?
Automated?Automated?
Manual? (Path to full automation?)Manual? (Path to full automation?)
Pieces of the DA puzzlePieces of the DA puzzle
Voltage Voltage C t lC t l
ProtocolsProtocols
Distributed Distributed IntelligenceIntelligence
ControlControl
ProtocolsProtocols
CommunicationCommunication VAR VAR
DA Master DA Master StationStation
networksnetworks managementmanagement
Feeder Feeder automationautomation
AMRAMRSwitchingSwitching
DA ElementsDA Elements
ProtocolProtocol
C i tiC i tiCommunicationsCommunications
TrainingTraining
Maintenance / UpdatingMaintenance / UpdatingMaintenance / UpdatingMaintenance / Updating
Strategic ApproachesStrategic Approaches
L hiL hiLarge geographic areaLarge geographic areaOverall project investment is extensiveOverall project investment is extensiveProject may have several goalsProject may have several goalsProject utilizes a combination of traditional Project utilizes a combination of traditional
d “ t id th b ” hd “ t id th b ” hand “outside the box” approachesand “outside the box” approachesServes a large number of customers of all Serves a large number of customers of all typestypestypes types
Tactical ApproachesTactical Approaches
Limited to small geographic areaLimited to small geographic areaI t t i li it dI t t i li it dInvestment is limitedInvestment is limitedGoals are narrowly definedGoals are narrowly definedSpecific technological sol tionsSpecific technological sol tionsSpecific technological solutionsSpecific technological solutionsServes a limited number of critical and/or Serves a limited number of critical and/or highhigh--value customersvalue customershighhigh value customersvalue customers
Tactical DA ApplicationsTactical DA Applications
Airport AutomationAirport Automation–– Oncor, Xcel (Denver), Oncor, Xcel (Denver),
Carroll Electric; Adams CoCarroll Electric; Adams Co--opopCritical application; Security Concerns; PassengerCritical application; Security Concerns; Passenger–– Critical application; Security Concerns; Passenger Critical application; Security Concerns; Passenger SafetySafety
Xcel (Minneapolis)Xcel (Minneapolis)Xcel (Minneapolis)Xcel (Minneapolis)–– Capital DeferralCapital Deferral–– Reliability ImprovementReliability Improvementy py p
Tactical DA ApplicationsTactical DA Applications
Mississippi Power Co.Mississippi Power Co.–– Casino reliabilityCasino reliability–– Reduced lossesReduced losses
E i Di t i t t B Mi iE i Di t i t t B Mi iEmpire District at Branson, MissouriEmpire District at Branson, Missouri–– SCADA solves a problem in high traffic areaSCADA solves a problem in high traffic area
Customer satisfactionCustomer satisfaction–– Customer satisfactionCustomer satisfaction
Lakeland, FloridaLakeland, Florida–– Full distribution automation tactical applicationFull distribution automation tactical application–– Full distribution automation, tactical applicationFull distribution automation, tactical application–– Foil the competitionFoil the competition
Tactical DA ApplicationsTactical DA Applications
Reedy Creek Improvement DistrictReedy Creek Improvement District–– Reliability improvement at Disney WorldReliability improvement at Disney World–– Keep the customers happyKeep the customers happy
D l / C tiD l / C tiDelmarva / ConnectivDelmarva / Connectiv–– Direct monetary savingsDirect monetary savings
Better system utilizationBetter system utilization–– Better system utilizationBetter system utilization–– Customer drivenCustomer driven
Blue Ridge Electric CooperativeBlue Ridge Electric CooperativeBlue Ridge Electric CooperativeBlue Ridge Electric Cooperative–– Reliability improvement for large retailerReliability improvement for large retailer–– Advanced use of distributed intelligence to Advanced use of distributed intelligence to d a ced use o d st buted te ge ce tod a ced use o d st buted te ge ce to
maximize asset usemaximize asset use
Strategic DA ApplicationsStrategic DA Applications
Public Service Electric & Gas of New JerseyPublic Service Electric & Gas of New JerseySCADA i 1975 f li bilit h tSCADA i 1975 f li bilit h t–– SCADA since 1975 for reliability enhancementSCADA since 1975 for reliability enhancement
City of NapervilleCity of Naperville–– IntelliTEAM for reliability improvement; startedIntelliTEAM for reliability improvement; startedIntelliTEAM for reliability improvement; started IntelliTEAM for reliability improvement; started
small small –– grew to strategic implementationgrew to strategic implementationComEdComEd–– IntelliTEAM & IntelliTEAM II IntelliTEAM & IntelliTEAM II —— distributed distributed
intelligenceintelligence–– Response to 1999 heat wave reliability problemsResponse to 1999 heat wave reliability problemsResponse to 1999 heat wave reliability problemsResponse to 1999 heat wave reliability problems–– Regulatory pressureRegulatory pressure
FP&LFP&L–– IntelliTEAM II to meet regulatory challengesIntelliTEAM II to meet regulatory challenges
HighHigh--Reliability Distribution Reliability Distribution SystemSystemSystemSystem
HighHigh--speed fault clearingspeed fault clearingOpen or closed loop applicationOpen or closed loop application“No outage” operation in closed loop mode“No outage” operation in closed loop modeUp and runningUp and running–– International Drive International Drive –– OrlandoOrlando–– UCSB UCSB –– CaliforniaCalifornia–– Danvers Danvers –– VirginiaVirginia
G t T t Ai tG t T t Ai t–– Greater Toronto AirportGreater Toronto Airport
Power Power SystemSystemSystemSystemOneOne--LineLine Substation
AA
3 il3 miles
Substation B
UG Primary Network (closed UG Primary Network (closed loop)loop)loop)loop)Normal ConditionNormal Condition
Load Load Load
Source A Source B
Each loop can have any number of switchesEach loop can have any number of switchesT = 0 sec
Each loop can have any number of switchesEach loop can have any number of switches
UG Primary Network (closed UG Primary Network (closed loop) Fault Conditionloop) Fault Condition
R F F R RFFAULT
Load Load Load
Fiber Link Fiber Link
RelayRelay
Fiber LinkRelay
RelayRelay
Relay
Source A Source BFiber Link Fiber Link Fiber LinkFiber LinkFiber Link
T < .10 sec
UG Primary Network (closed UG Primary Network (closed loop) Fault Clearedloop) Fault Cleared
Load Load Load
Fiber Link Fiber Link
RelayRelay
Fiber LinkRelay
RelayRelay
Relay
Source A Source BFiber Link Fiber Link Fiber LinkFiber LinkFiber Link
T = .10 sec
Another HRDS ProjectAnother HRDS Project
UniversityUniversity–– West CoastWest Coast–– East CoastEast Coast
I l ti HRDS t tI l ti HRDS t tImplementing HRDS system to:Implementing HRDS system to:–– Support biosciences researchSupport biosciences research
Improve reliability of existing system forImprove reliability of existing system for–– Improve reliability of existing system for Improve reliability of existing system for “normal” campus load“normal” campus load
ValueValueValueValue–– Attract research (read this $$$$)Attract research (read this $$$$)
Advanced Feeder AutomationAdvanced Feeder AutomationIntelliTEAM IIIntelliTEAM IItete
Automatic fault isolation and load restoration Automatic fault isolation and load restoration Di t ib t d i t lliDi t ib t d i t lli tili i “ t ”tili i “ t ”Distributed intelligence Distributed intelligence –– utilizing “agents”utilizing “agents”Scalable, building block approach Scalable, building block approach Supports complex systems of virtually any sizeSupports complex systems of virtually any sizeSupports complex systems of virtually any sizeSupports complex systems of virtually any sizeDoes not require SCADA Does not require SCADA –– but supports integration but supports integration with SCADA systemswith SCADA systemsUtilizes peerUtilizes peer--toto--peer mesh communication networkpeer mesh communication networkSolve very specific reliability problems with tuned Solve very specific reliability problems with tuned
t ti ht ti hautomation schemesautomation schemesMaximize the use of existing assetsMaximize the use of existing assetsFastest and least expensive way to improveFastest and least expensive way to improveFastest and least expensive way to improve Fastest and least expensive way to improve reliabilityreliability
Scalable, Building Block ApproachScalable, Building Block Approach
From one switch From one switch –– to eight source line segmentsto eight source line segmentsBuild to meet any desired circuit / system configurationBuild to meet any desired circuit / system configuration
Defined asautomated switch
Simplest
Build to meet any desired circuit / system configurationBuild to meet any desired circuit / system configuration
Simplestsegment
Up to (8)switches
A “Simple” ITA “Simple” IT--II SystemII SystemA Simple ITA Simple IT II SystemII System
Key ExamplesKey Examples
Blue Ridge Electric Cooperative Blue Ridge Electric Cooperative –– North North C liC liCarolinaCarolinaEnmax Enmax –– CanadaCanadaFPL FPL –– FloridaFloridaProgress Energy Progress Energy –– FloridaFlorida
Advanced Feeder AutomationAdvanced Feeder Automation
Enmax Enmax –– Western CanadaWestern Canada
Enmax Enmax –– Advanced Feeder Advanced Feeder AutomationAutomationAutomationAutomation
Goals: Goals: –– Significantly reduce SAIDI Significantly reduce SAIDI –– Improve customer serviceImprove customer service
Minimal cost impact to customersMinimal cost impact to customers–– Minimal cost impact to customersMinimal cost impact to customers
Expected Benefits:Expected Benefits:Reduced costs from fewer serviceReduced costs from fewer service–– Reduced costs from fewer service Reduced costs from fewer service complaints/investigationscomplaints/investigations
–– Stepping stone to bring system to 21Stepping stone to bring system to 21stst century century pp g g ypp g g y yytechnologytechnology
Enmax Enmax –– Advanced Feeder Advanced Feeder AutomationAutomationAutomationAutomation
TargetsTargets–– A multipleA multiple--year, Feeder Automation (FA) project year, Feeder Automation (FA) project
is now underwayis now underway–– Phase I (to complete in Nov 03) involves 7Phase I (to complete in Nov 03) involves 7–– Phase I (to complete in Nov, 03) involves 7 Phase I (to complete in Nov, 03) involves 7
subs, 19 feeders and 46 switches (32 overhead subs, 19 feeders and 46 switches (32 overhead & 14 underground)& 14 underground)
–– Completion will include Completion will include overover 200 switching 200 switching points and automate over 80 feederspoints and automate over 80 feeders
–– The primary requirement is automatic circuitThe primary requirement is automatic circuit–– The primary requirement is automatic circuit The primary requirement is automatic circuit reconfiguration in reconfiguration in less thanless than 60 seconds60 seconds
Enmax Enmax –– Advanced Feeder Advanced Feeder AutomationAutomationAutomationAutomation
Key Project Requirements:Key Project Requirements:Reconfig ation inReconfig ation in ndende 1 min te on fa lt o loss of1 min te on fa lt o loss of–– Reconfiguration in Reconfiguration in underunder 1 minute on fault or loss of 1 minute on fault or loss of voltagevoltage
–– Minimum availability for each FA feeder over 99.9%Minimum availability for each FA feeder over 99.9%–– Detect UnderDetect Under--Voltage & UnderVoltage & Under--Frequency Load Shedding Frequency Load Shedding
& disable auto& disable auto--reconfiguration reconfiguration –– Station breakers must also participate in reconfiguration, Station breakers must also participate in reconfiguration,
d h ld h l h l l dh l l d hhdespite most having electrodespite most having electro--mechanical relays and 1mechanical relays and 1--shot shot to Lockoutto Lockout
–– Project to include a Communication Management System Project to include a Communication Management System ( ) bl &( ) bl &(CMS) to enable operators to monitor, interrogate & (CMS) to enable operators to monitor, interrogate & control the operation of all components in the FA System control the operation of all components in the FA System
Enmax Enmax –– Advanced Feeder Advanced Feeder AutomationAutomationAutomationAutomation
Cost Analysis: $0.11 per month per Cost Analysis: $0.11 per month per t t id li bilit i tt t id li bilit i tcustomer to provide reliability improvementcustomer to provide reliability improvement
–– Total cost of capitalTotal cost of capital20 year life (straight line depreciation)20 year life (straight line depreciation)–– 20 year life (straight line depreciation)20 year life (straight line depreciation)
–– 8.25% cost of capital (weighted average)8.25% cost of capital (weighted average)–– Total Average Annual Capital cost / Total #Total Average Annual Capital cost / Total #Total Average Annual Capital cost / Total # Total Average Annual Capital cost / Total #
customers/12customers/12=$0.34/cust/month=$0.34/cust/monthF id ti l t f 600k h $0 11 /F id ti l t f 600k h $0 11 /For average residential customer of 600kwh = $0.11 / For average residential customer of 600kwh = $0.11 / month for automation programmonth for automation program
xx348*43 4232 3140 4341
An Installed SystemAn Installed System
4*
xx17*
8
3
118
28
2317
1635 3920*
32
xx
xx
xx
8116
11
xx17*
5
6
xx7*
9*111
112
114
22
19*33
30xx
59
115113
8* xx116
114
2627
9 yyxxyyxx26
27
32xx
14*
8*Sub 36
Sub 24 Sub 39
Sub 11Sub 14117
113 7114115
112
7
xx
111B
111A
3
111
9
4345Legend Totals
2
xx111
44
6537
36111
Substation Breaker
Automated OverheadSwitch
Automated Pad-mount Switch
19Feeders
14Pad-mount Switches
32OverheadSwitchesSub 28 Sub 53
Automated OverheadSwitch 32OverheadSwitches
Sub 38Sub 13
Phase IIPhase II
16
12
11
10
3
15
12 11
125
10
12
8-2.23-911
JJ
14
NA13
7
4
3
12
12
10
Tiesto 8-23.19
Sub 3
1517 13 211 18
14
Tiesto 8-2.24
19
182
11
Tiesto 8-23.18
17
312
4
14
1110
11
Sub 2
21
21
14
1121
20
2818
13
2
Sub 37
11
16
12 13
Sub 20
Sub 33
11Tiesto 8-30.15
8-30.15-2 5 13HH
Sub 23
12
12
Sub 37
1821
SummarySummary
Many utilities find DA is important to their successMany utilities find DA is important to their successJustification of DA is unique to each systemJustification of DA is unique to each systemJustification of DA is unique to each systemJustification of DA is unique to each system–– Business driversBusiness drivers–– Cost driversCost drivers
O ti l d iO ti l d i–– Operational driversOperational drivers–– External driversExternal drivers
DA is not the only, but the fastest path to DA is not the only, but the fastest path to significant reliability improvementsignificant reliability improvementReliability improvement along with productivity and Reliability improvement along with productivity and capital deferment can yield significant savings capital deferment can yield significant savings -- and and p y g gp y g gincrease profitsincrease profitsIntelliTEAM II offers the easiest and fastest path to IntelliTEAM II offers the easiest and fastest path to a working automation projecta working automation projecta working automation projecta working automation project
Reliability ComparisonReliability Comparison
Manual Switching (local or Manual Switching (local or SCADA)SCADA)SCADA)SCADA)
CKT 1 CKT 2CKT 1
MANUAL SWN.C.
MANUAL TIE SWN.O.
50% cust50% cust50% fault50% fault
50% cust50% cust50% fault50% fault
Segment 1 Fault50% of faults interrupt 100% of customers (0.5*1=0.5)50% of faults interrupt 100% of customers (0.5*1=0.5)SSegment 2 Fault50% of faults interrupt 100% of customers (0.5*1=0.5)50% of faults interrupt 100% of customers (0.5*1=0.5)Reliability Improvement100(1100(1-- 0.50.5--0.5)= 0%0.5)= 0%
Reliability improvement = 100(1-Σ(CFS1+CFS2+… CFS2 ))
Automatic Sectionalizing OnlyAutomatic Sectionalizing Only
CKT 1 CKT 2CKT 1
Auto SWN.C.
MANUAL TIE SWN.O.
50% cust50% cust50% fault50% fault
50% cust50% cust50% fault50% fault
Segment 1 Fault50% of faults interrupt 100% of customers (0.5*1=0.5)50% of faults interrupt 100% of customers (0.5*1=0.5)SSegment 2 Fault50% of faults interrupt 100% of customers (0.5*0.5=0.25)50% of faults interrupt 100% of customers (0.5*0.5=0.25)Reliability Improvement100(1100(1-- 0.50.5--0.25)= 25%0.25)= 25%
Automatic RestorationAutomatic Restoration
CKT 1 CKT 2CKT 1
Auto SWN.C.
Auto TIE SWN.O.
50% cust50% cust50% fault50% fault
50% cust50% cust50% fault50% fault
Segment 1 Fault50% of faults interrupt 100% of customers (0.5*0.5=0.25)50% of faults interrupt 100% of customers (0.5*0.5=0.25)SSegment 2 Fault50% of faults interrupt 100% of customers (0.5*0.5=0.25)50% of faults interrupt 100% of customers (0.5*0.5=0.25)Reliability Improvement100(1100(1-- 0.250.25--0.25)= 50%0.25)= 50%
Making the CaseMaking the Case
Gather DataGather Data
Cost Data ($)Cost Data ($)–– Budgetary quotes from suppliersBudgetary quotes from suppliers–– Past experience in installationPast experience in installation
Past experience in operations & maintenancePast experience in operations & maintenance–– Past experience in operations & maintenancePast experience in operations & maintenance–– “Hillbilly Windage Test”“Hillbilly Windage Test”
Benefit dataBenefit dataBenefit data Benefit data –– Objective benefits Objective benefits –– direct, demonstrabledirect, demonstrable–– Subjective benefitsSubjective benefits –– based on value structure,based on value structure,Subjective benefits Subjective benefits based on value structure, based on value structure,
open to debateopen to debate
Objective BenefitsObjective Benefits
Deferment of capital spending Deferment of capital spending -- existing existing f ilitif ilitifacilitiesfacilities–– Increase feeder apparent capacity by realIncrease feeder apparent capacity by real--time time
load balancingload balancingload balancingload balancingExtend existing feedersExtend existing feedersAvoid new feeder constructionAvoid new feeder constructionDefer new substation constructionDefer new substation construction
Objective BenefitsObjective Benefits
Defer capital spending Defer capital spending -- existing facilitiesexisting facilities–– Use conditionUse condition--monitoring systemsmonitoring systems
RealReal--time derating of equipment to defer replacementtime derating of equipment to defer replacement
–– Reduce distribution system lossesReduce distribution system losses–– Reduce distribution system lossesReduce distribution system losses“Loss reduction at the distribution system level “Loss reduction at the distribution system level provides capacity at less cost than obtaining capacity provides capacity at less cost than obtaining capacity by the construction of generation or transmissionby the construction of generation or transmissionby the construction of generation or transmission by the construction of generation or transmission facilities” facilities” ---- 1982 World Bank Study1982 World Bank Study
Objective BenefitsObjective Benefits
Reduce Operating CostsReduce Operating Costs–– Reduce real power lossesReduce real power losses–– Maintain desired power factor (penalty Maintain desired power factor (penalty
avoidance)avoidance)avoidance)avoidance)–– Implement conditionImplement condition--based maintenancebased maintenance–– Incipient fault detectionIncipient fault detectionpp
Operating Cost Benefits (Personnel, Operating Cost Benefits (Personnel, overtime, travel, vehicle)overtime, travel, vehicle)))–– Line patrol costs by fault location informationLine patrol costs by fault location information–– Crew time to identify and repair problemsCrew time to identify and repair problems–– Fault isolationFault isolation–– Voltage & Var controlVoltage & Var control
Subjective BenefitsSubjective Benefits
Quality of service (SAIDI) (SAIFI) (CAIDI)Quality of service (SAIDI) (SAIFI) (CAIDI)Customer information and satisfactionCustomer information and satisfactionSafetySafety–– Standard operator interfacesStandard operator interfaces–– SystemSystem--wide operating practiceswide operating practices
St d d t ti hSt d d t ti h–– Standard protection schemesStandard protection schemes–– Common switching & tagging proceduresCommon switching & tagging procedures
Subjective BenefitsSubjective Benefits
Objective and Subjective parametersObjective and Subjective parameters–– Computerized displays of distribution system Computerized displays of distribution system
configurationconfiguration–– Use of remote controls to perform someUse of remote controls to perform some–– Use of remote controls to perform some Use of remote controls to perform some
switching workswitching work–– RealReal--time load data for system planningtime load data for system planning–– Automated feeder reAutomated feeder re--configuration for reduced configuration for reduced
outage timeoutage timeC l t di t ib ti t d t f tC l t di t ib ti t d t f t–– Complete distribution system data for corporate Complete distribution system data for corporate useuse
Build the CaseBuild the Case
Collect cost dataCollect cost dataCollect hard dollar benefit dataCollect hard dollar benefit dataCollect soft dollar benefit dataCollect soft dollar benefit dataBuild the benefitBuild the benefit--cost modelcost model–– Limited system benefit for automating just a Limited system benefit for automating just a
littllittllittlelittle–– Benefits increase rapidly as more and more Benefits increase rapidly as more and more
automation is installedautomation is installedautomation is installedautomation is installed–– Benefits level off as additional automation yields Benefits level off as additional automation yields
little additional benefitlittle additional benefit
Financial AnalysisFinancial Analysis
Determine first month or year in which Determine first month or year in which l b fit d l tl b fit d l tannual benefits exceed annual costsannual benefits exceed annual costs
Determine first month or year in which Determine first month or year in which m l ti e benefit e eed tot l o tm l ti e benefit e eed tot l o tcumulative benefits exceed total costcumulative benefits exceed total cost
Perform sensitivity analysis on impacts:Perform sensitivity analysis on impacts:I fl tiI fl ti–– InflationInflation
–– Interest ratesInterest rates–– Cost of capitalCost of capitalCost of capitalCost of capital–– Different penetration percentagesDifferent penetration percentages–– Schedule changesSchedule changesgg
Financial AnalysisFinancial Analysis
Determine required benefitDetermine required benefit--cost ratiocost ratio–– Impact of hard and soft dollar benefits on Impact of hard and soft dollar benefits on
desired ratiodesired ratioAll hard dollar benefits may only need 1 or 1.5 to 1All hard dollar benefits may only need 1 or 1.5 to 1All hard dollar benefits may only need 1 or 1.5 to 1 All hard dollar benefits may only need 1 or 1.5 to 1 ratioratioAll soft dollar benefits may need 3 or 4 to 1 ratioAll soft dollar benefits may need 3 or 4 to 1 ratio
B fit i ith f b dB fit i ith f b dBenefit is easy with performance based Benefit is easy with performance based rates/rewards/penaltiesrates/rewards/penalties
Value SummaryValue Summary
Keep the meters spinningKeep the meters spinningO ti d tiO ti d tiOvertime reductionOvertime reductionO&M SavingsO&M SavingsDefe ed pit l e pen eDefe ed pit l e pen eDeferred capital expensesDeferred capital expensesAchieve Incentives / Avoid PenaltiesAchieve Incentives / Avoid PenaltiesVAR ManagementVAR ManagementVAR ManagementVAR ManagementCustomer satisfactionCustomer satisfactionRate caseRate caseRate caseRate caseImproved maintenanceImproved maintenanceArea/business developmentArea/business developmentArea/business developmentArea/business development
Average Customer’s Electric BillAverage Customer’s Electric Bill
DistributionTransmission
Distribution8%
Customer & G&A
3%
11%
Regulatory & Other1%
Power Generation53%
Taxes14%%
Net IncomeNet Income10%
Based on analysis of FERC Form 1 data Based on analysis of FERC Form 1 data
Top Related