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DIRECT Am, is, are
Shall/will Can May
Must Have/has to Ought to
INDIRECT Was/were
Should/would Could Might
Had to
DIRECT Am, is, are
Shall/will Can May Must Have/has to Ought to
DIRECT Am, is, are
Shall/will Can May Must Have/has to Ought to
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CHANGES OF ADVERB OFTIME & PLACE
DIRECT NOW
TOMORROW
NEXT WEEK
TONIGHT
TODAY
YESTERDAY
LAST NIGHT LAST WEEK
HERE
THIS
THESE
INDIRECT THEN THE FOLLOWING DAY THE FOLLOWING WEEK THAT NIGHT THAT DAY THE DAY BEFORE
THE NIGHT BEFORE THE WEEK BEFORE THERE THAT THOSE
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CHANGES OF TENSES DIRECT
SIMPLE PRESENT
SIMPLE PAST
PRESENTPERFECT
PRESENTCONTINUOUS
PRESENTPERFECT CONT.
SIMPLE FUTURE
INDIRECT SIMPLE PAST PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT PAST CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECTCONT. PAST FUTURE
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1. STATEMENT
HE SAID
HE SAID TO ME
HE TOLD ME
THATREPORTED WORDS
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STATEMENT EXAMPLE DIRECT
They said to me: we are going
to visit Borobudur tomorrow.
Jeffry said: I didnt go to school
today.
Anne told Agus: My father gotangry with me last night.
INDIRECT They said to me that
they were going tovisit Borobudur thefollowing day.
Jeffry said that hehadnt gone to schoolthat day.
Anne told Agus thather father had gotangry with herthenight before.
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STATEMENT Exception:If the introductory sentence is in the Present Tense, there wont be
any changes in the Reported (Indirect) speech .
DIRECT Cindy says: I will come to your
house tonight.
Indra says: I have seen that
film for twice.
Dessy says: I meet my
boyfriend every saturday.
Chandra says: I dont like
sport.
INDIRECT Cindy says that she
will come to myhouse tonight
Indra says that hehas seenthat filmfor twice.
Dessy says that shemeets her boyfriendevery Saturday.
Chandra says that hedoesnt like sport.
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HE ASKED ME
HE TOLD ME TO INFIVITIVE
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COMMAND EXAMPLE DIRECT
The teacher asked me:Open your book page 65!
Siskaasked Manu: give mea piece of paper!
Ronny told him: call metonight!
INDIRECT The teacher asked me
to open my book page65. Siska asked Manu to
give her a piece ofpaper.
Ronny told him tocall him that night.
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HE ASKED ME
HE TOLD ME NOT TO INFIVITIVE
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COMMAND EXAMPLE DIRECT
Santy asked Edy: Dontleave me alone anymore!
Valenxia asked Indra: Donthurt me anymore!
Subhantold them: Dontdisturb me!
INDIRECT Santy asked Edy not
to leave her aloneanymore. Valenxia asked Indra
not to hurt heranymore.
Subhan told them notto disturb him.
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HE ASKED ME IF/WHETHER S + V + COMPLEMENT
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A. Yes/No Question Example DIRECT
Ricky asked Henry: Doesyour father work near here?
Mr. Bean asked Cyntia:have you collected your
homework?
Dessyasked William: canyou accompany me to Lippotonight?
INDIRECT Ricky asked Henry
if/whether his fatherworked near there.
Mr. Bean asked Cyntiaif/whether she hadcollected herhomework.
Dessy asked Williamif/whether he couldaccompany her toLippo that night.
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HE ASKED MEWHEN/WHAT
etc.S + V + COMPLEMENT
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b. Wh- Question Example DIRECT
The girl asked me: Where
Do you come from?
My father asked my brother:Why did you arrive at home
late last night?
Handy asked the girl: what
is your favorite movie star?
INDIRECT The girl asked me
where I came from. My father asked my
brother why he hadarrived at home latethe night before
Handy asked the girlwhat her favoritemovie star was
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DIRECT The students said to the
teacher: We haventdone our assignment.
My uncle said to mysister: I cannot come
on your birthday partynext month.
Patar asked Lina : Do
you love me?
My father askedme:Have you preparedfor your final exam?
Anita told Ver:Dont tell me moreabout yourboyfriend!
My friend asked her:Stay with meforever!
My headmaster askedme: Where do youlive?
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