Download - Digital Information and Communication

Digital Information and Digital Information and CommunicationCommunication

Peters Chapter 6Peters Chapter 6

Unparalleled ChangeUnparalleled Change

Development of the PCDevelopment of the PC Improvement of telecommunicationsImprovement of telecommunications Development of multimedia Development of multimedia

technologytechnology Development of larger and more Development of larger and more

extensive databases connected to extensive databases connected to InternetInternet

An Optimistic AssessmentAn Optimistic Assessment

Convergence of mediaConvergence of media

Computer as a multimedia Computer as a multimedia

communications devicecommunications device

Audio and video conferencing on the Audio and video conferencing on the

desktopdesktop

Widen Communication ChannelsWiden Communication Channels

Distance turns into virtual proximityDistance turns into virtual proximity

Writing can be replaced with oralWriting can be replaced with oral

Inclusion of live voice of teacher and Inclusion of live voice of teacher and

learnerlearner

Rich dialogRich dialog

A Realistic InterpretationA Realistic Interpretation

Presence of media does not Presence of media does not guarantee useguarantee use

Hype does not translate into practiceHype does not translate into practice Obstacles include:Obstacles include:

MoneyMoney PracticePractice Institutional customInstitutional custom

First Pedagogical AnalysesFirst Pedagogical Analyses

Learning with filesLearning with files

The ability to create and extend The ability to create and extend personal files of knowledgepersonal files of knowledge

This potential for self-learning can This potential for self-learning can only be speculated at (growing only be speculated at (growing hypertexts)hypertexts)

HypermediaHypermedia

Changing teaching behaviorChanging teaching behavior Must teach on many levelsMust teach on many levels Break text into nodesBreak text into nodes Great promise for addressing Great promise for addressing

students in a multi-modal waystudents in a multi-modal way Difficult to createDifficult to create

HypermediaHypermedia

Changing learning behaviorChanging learning behavior Granted more freedomGranted more freedom Must find their way through hypertextMust find their way through hypertext Strategies dealing with implicit and Strategies dealing with implicit and

explicit linking. Three possible ways:explicit linking. Three possible ways: Browsing Browsing Searching for defined informationSearching for defined information Following a teacher-defined pathFollowing a teacher-defined path

Knowledge-building CommunityKnowledge-building Community

Bootstrapping knowledge creation Bootstrapping knowledge creation through shared contributionsthrough shared contributions

All have role as learner and teacherAll have role as learner and teacher Is constructivist, autonomous, Is constructivist, autonomous,

collaborative, authenticcollaborative, authentic

Teaching ProgramsTeaching Programs

CAI - known strengths and CAI - known strengths and weaknessesweaknesses

Learning with data-file coursesLearning with data-file courses

From print to new mediaFrom print to new media

Is the medium the message, or is Is the medium the message, or is there no difference between delivery?there no difference between delivery?

Richer opportunities in new mediaRicher opportunities in new media

Computer ConferencingComputer Conferencing

Dominance of text is “absurd”Dominance of text is “absurd”


AdvantagesAdvantages Detailed record of class proceedingsDetailed record of class proceedings Students consider replies more deeplyStudents consider replies more deeply Virtual tutorial spaceVirtual tutorial space Peer discussion predominatePeer discussion predominate Lessens isolationLessens isolation Even some emotional and social bonds Even some emotional and social bonds

that are uniquely strongthat are uniquely strong


DisadvantagesDisadvantages Less spontaneousLess spontaneous Some students tend to dominateSome students tend to dominate Students can drop out and not be missedStudents can drop out and not be missed Can be overwhelmed by data if not Can be overwhelmed by data if not

logged in for a whilelogged in for a while If not well moderated, can degenerate to If not well moderated, can degenerate to

"small-talk""small-talk"

Audio- and Video-ConferencingAudio- and Video-Conferencing

What innovations do these bring? What innovations do these bring? GarrisonGarrison Essence of learning and teaching is Essence of learning and teaching is

communicationscommunications Dependent on quality of communicationDependent on quality of communication Are able to [re]capture all classroom Are able to [re]capture all classroom

techniques techniques

Many strive to recreate the university Many strive to recreate the university classroom in these mediaclassroom in these media


Four types of teleconferencingFour types of teleconferencing Two-way audioTwo-way audio Two-way audiograhics (adds graphics to Two-way audiograhics (adds graphics to

communications line)communications line) One-way video and two-way audioOne-way video and two-way audio Two-way video and two-way audioTwo-way video and two-way audio

All improved by great bandwidth and All improved by great bandwidth and computer enhancementcomputer enhancement


Have created an explosion of learningHave created an explosion of learning


American modelAmerican model Extended university classroomExtended university classroom Always interactive and in real timeAlways interactive and in real time Requires the least change of instructorsRequires the least change of instructors 'Face to face teaching at a distance’'Face to face teaching at a distance’


Ways to get beyond this conservative Ways to get beyond this conservative modelmodel Mixed mode with only some class Mixed mode with only some class

functions in teleconferencefunctions in teleconference Partial use as extension of classesPartial use as extension of classes Search for other pedagogic modelsSearch for other pedagogic models

Concludes that use intimating Concludes that use intimating classroom is transitoryclassroom is transitory

Commentary on VCCommentary on VC

Does this represent the future of Does this represent the future of distance education?distance education?

NO!NO! American videoconferencing is NOT American videoconferencing is NOT

distance educationdistance education Americans are concerned with Americans are concerned with

'access', Europeans with pedagogy'access', Europeans with pedagogy

Autonomous LearningAutonomous Learning

This is the ultimate goal of educationThis is the ultimate goal of education Reality cannot be taught, but must be Reality cannot be taught, but must be

constructed by an autonomous constructed by an autonomous learnerlearner

Argues that learning is simple a Argues that learning is simple a process of individual searching and process of individual searching and constructingconstructing

Autonomous LearningAutonomous Learning

Tight leash or more autonomy?Tight leash or more autonomy? ComputerComputer

Storage frees student memoryStorage frees student memory Provides access to large quantities of Provides access to large quantities of

informationinformation Create independent assessmentCreate independent assessment Create personal knowledge structuresCreate personal knowledge structures Graphical representationsGraphical representations

SummarySummary

Learners become researchers and Learners become researchers and designersdesigners

Integrated PresentationIntegrated Presentation

Escape from tyranny of text to oralityEscape from tyranny of text to orality Motion pictures and animationMotion pictures and animation Accounts for television and new Accounts for television and new

sense balancessense balances DE practitioner must provide multi-DE practitioner must provide multi-

modal environmentmodal environment

Occasional & Transversal LearningOccasional & Transversal Learning

Just-in-time learningJust-in-time learning Trans-discipline learningTrans-discipline learning Embedded in lifeEmbedded in life Non-sequential, but determined by Non-sequential, but determined by

needneed

EndEnd

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