The Digestive System
MouthPhysical digestion by teeth and chemical digestion by enzymes in saliva (amylase)
The Digestive System
MouthPhysical digestion by teeth and chemical digestion by enzymes in saliva (amylase)
?
The Digestive System
MouthPhysical digestion by teeth and chemical digestion by enzymes in saliva (amylase)
OesophagusCarries food from mouth to stomach
The Digestive System
MouthPhysical digestion by teeth and chemical digestion by enzymes in saliva (amylase)
OesophagusCarries food from mouth to stomach
?
The Digestive System
MouthPhysical digestion by teeth and chemical digestion by enzymes in saliva (amylase)
OesophagusCarries food from mouth to stomach
Stomach Food is churned and chemically digested by enzymes
The Digestive System
MouthPhysical digestion by teeth and chemical digestion by enzymes in saliva (amylase)
OesophagusCarries food from mouth to stomach
?
Stomach Food is churned and chemically digested by enzymes
The Digestive System
MouthPhysical digestion by teeth and chemical digestion by enzymes in saliva (amylase)
OesophagusCarries food from mouth to stomach
Liver Produces bile for the digestion of fats
Stomach Food is churned and chemically digested by enzymes
The Digestive System
MouthPhysical digestion by teeth and chemical digestion by enzymes in saliva (amylase)
OesophagusCarries food from mouth to stomach
Liver Produces bile for the digestion of fats
Stomach Food is churned and chemically digested by enzymes
?
The Digestive System
MouthPhysical digestion by teeth and chemical digestion by enzymes in saliva (amylase)
OesophagusCarries food from mouth to stomach
Liver Produces bile for the digestion of fats
Stomach Food is churned and chemically digested by enzymes
PancreasProduces enzymes to chemically digest food
The Digestive System
MouthPhysical digestion by teeth and chemical digestion by enzymes in saliva (amylase)
OesophagusCarries food from mouth to stomach
Liver Produces bile for the digestion of fats
Stomach Food is churned and chemically digested by enzymes
PancreasProduces enzymes to chemically digest food
?
The Digestive System
MouthPhysical digestion by teeth and chemical digestion by enzymes in saliva (amylase)
OesophagusCarries food from mouth to stomach
Liver Produces bile for the digestion of fats
Stomach Food is churned and chemically digested by enzymes
PancreasProduces enzymes to chemically digest food
Small intestineCompletes chemical digestion and absorbs digested food into the bloodstream
The Digestive System
MouthPhysical digestion by teeth and chemical digestion by enzymes in saliva (amylase)
OesophagusCarries food from mouth to stomach
Liver Produces bile for the digestion of fats
Stomach Food is churned and chemically digested by enzymes
PancreasProduces enzymes to chemically digest food
Small intestineCompletes chemical digestion and absorbs digested food into the bloodstream
?
The Digestive System
MouthPhysical digestion by teeth and chemical digestion by enzymes in saliva (amylase)
OesophagusCarries food from mouth to stomach
Liver Produces bile for the digestion of fats
Stomach Food is churned and chemically digested by enzymes
PancreasProduces enzymes to chemically digest food
Small intestineCompletes chemical digestion and absorbs digested food into the bloodstream
Large IntestineWater is taken back into the bloodstream and undigested food is carried to the anus
Teeth – physically digest food
IncisorCutting food
CanineTearing food
PremolarCrushing & grinding food
Teeth – physically digest food
IncisorCutting food
CanineTearing food
PremolarCrushing & grinding food
?
Teeth – physically digest food
IncisorCutting food
CanineTearing food
PremolarCrushing & grinding food
MolarCrushing & grinding food
Enzymes
• Enzymes are chemicals found in all cells in the body.
• Enzymes are biological catalysts.
• What is a catalyst?????
SUBSTRATE
Enzymes• Enzymes are chemicals found in all
cells in the body.
• Enzymes are biological catalysts.
• What is a catalyst??A catalyst is a substance that changes the speed of a reaction, but is not used up in the reaction itself.
SUBSTRATE
Enzyme Reaction
Enzyme + Substrate ---> Enzyme + Product
Amylase + Starch ---> Amylase + ?
SUBSTRATE
Enzyme Reaction
Enzyme + Substrate ---> Enzyme + Product
Amylase + Starch ---> Amylase + Maltose
SUBSTRATE
Testing the Action the Enzyme Amylase on Starch
How is food prepared first?
•If using a starchy food (for e.g. cracker) grind up food and dissolve in water.
•If using starch solution, no preparation necessary.
Testing the Action the Enzyme Amylase on Starch
How is food prepared first?
•If using a starchy food (for e.g. cracker) grind up food and dissolve in water.
•If using starch solution, no preparation necessary.
At what temperature is the water bath?
???
Testing the Action the Enzyme Amylase on Starch
How is food prepared first?
•If using a starchy food (for e.g. cracker) grind up food and dissolve in water.
•If using starch solution, no preparation necessary.
At what temperature is the water bath?
•37°C (human body temperature)
Testing the Action the Enzyme Amylase on Starch
How is food prepared first?
•If using a starchy food (for e.g. cracker) grind up food and dissolve in water.
•If using starch solution, no preparation necessary.
At what temperature is the water bath?
•37°C (human body temperature)
How long for reaction to occur?
???
Testing the Action the Enzyme Amylase on Starch
How is food prepared first?
•If using a starchy food (for e.g. cracker) grind up food and dissolve in water.
•If using starch solution, no preparation necessary.
At what temperature is the water bath?
•37°C (human body temperature)
How long for reaction to occur?
•Approximately 10 minutes
• Testing for the Substrate: Starch What chemical is used?
Iodine
What colour does it turn if starch present????
• Testing for the Substrate: Starch What chemical is used?
Iodine
What colour does it turn if starch present?Blue-black
• Testing for the Substrate: Starch What chemical is used?
Iodine
What colour does it turn if starch present?Blue-black
• Testing for the Product: Maltose (reducing sugar) How do you test for a reducing sugar????
• Testing for the Substrate: Starch What chemical is used?
Iodine
What colour does it turn if starch present?Blue-black
• Testing for the Product: Maltose (reducing sugar) How do you test for a reducing sugar?Heat with Benedict's solution
• Testing for the Substrate: Starch What chemical is used?
Iodine
What colour does it turn if starch present?Blue-black
• Testing for the Product: Maltose (reducing sugar) How do you test for a reducing sugar?Heat with Benedict’s solutions
What colour does Benedict’s turn if reducing sugar present????
• Testing for the Substrate: Starch What chemical is used?
Iodine
What colour does it turn if starch present?Blue-black
• Testing for the Product: Maltose (reducing sugar) How do you test for a reducing sugar?Heat with Benedict’s solution
What colour does Benedict’s turn if reducing sugar present?Brick Red
What colour will iodine be in test-tube A?Orange brown – no starch present
Testing for Starch (the Substrate):
What colour will iodine be in test-tube A?Orange brown – no starch present
What colour will iodine be in test-tube B (the control)????
Testing for Starch (the Substrate):
What colour will iodine be in test-tube A?Orange brown – no starch present
What colour will iodine be in test-tube B (the control)?Blue black – starch still present
Testing for Starch (the Substrate):
What colour will Benedict's be in test-tube A????
Testing for a Reducing Sugar, i.e. maltose (the Product):
What colour will Benedict's be in test-tube A?Brick Red – Reducing Sugar Present
Testing for a Reducing Sugar, i.e. maltose (the Product):
What colour will Benedict's be in test-tube A?Brick Red – Reducing Sugar Present
What colour will Benedict's be in test-tube B (the control)????
Testing for a Reducing Sugar, i.e. maltose (the Product):
What colour will Benedict's be in test-tube A?Brick Red – Reducing Sugar Present
What colour will Benedict's be in test-tube B (the control)?Blue – No reducing Sugar Present
Testing for a Reducing Sugar, i.e. maltose (the Product):
What has happened in test-tube A?
Amylase has broken down starch into maltose.
What has happened in test- tube B?
???
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