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Different tools for MainstreamingDRRM/CCA into Local Planning
Process
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Outline of Presentation
GIS
Vulnerability and AdaptationAssessment (V and AA)
Community-Based Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management
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GIS?
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GIS is computer-based mapping
is an organized collection of computerhardware, software, geographic data, andpersonnel designed to efficiently capture,store, update, manipulate, analyze and
display all forms of geographically-referenced data and information towardsdecision making
software
Software
Data
Hardware
Procedur
eUsers
GIS
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GIS Functions
software
Database
Management
DataManipulation
& Analysis
UserInterface
Database
Creation &Entry Display &
ProductGeneration
GIS
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Database Management
Data Manipulation and Analysis
Display and Product Generation
Database Creation/Entry
User Interface
GIS Functions
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GIS is mapping with adifference
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What is a map?
A map represents geographic features orother spatial phenomena by graphicallyconveying information about locationsand attributes.
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What is location?
Location describes the position ofparticular geographic features on the
Earth's surface, as well as the spatialrelationship between features, such as theshortest path from your house to thehospital, the proximity of competing
businesses (e.g. Jollibee andMcDonalds),and so on.
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What is attribute?
Attribute describes characteristics of thegeographic features represented, such as
the feature type, its name or number andquantitative information such as its areaor length. For example, roads, barangays,rivers others
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Thus the basic objective of
mapping is to
Provide descriptions of
geographic phenomena.
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Map Features
Locational information is usuallyrepresented by points for features such as
dwelling unit and telephone polelocations, lines for features such asstreams, pipelines and contour lines andareas for features such as lakes, counties
and census tracts.
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Point feature
A point feature represents a singlelocation. It defines a map object too small
to show as a line or area feature. Asymbol or label usually depicts a pointlocation.
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Point Feature
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Line feature
A line feature is a set of connected,ordered coordinates representing the
linear shape of a map object that may betoo narrow to display as an area such asa road or feature with no width such as acontour line.
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Line Feature
What are the possible line feature here?
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Area feature
An area feature is a closed figure whose
boundary encloses a homogeneous area,
such as land use, soil type or lake.
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Area Feature
What are the possible area feature here?
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Scale
To show a portion of the Earth's surface ona map, the scale must be sufficiently
adjusted to cover the objective. Mapscale or the extent of reduction isexpressed as a ratio.
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Maps and Scales
What does 1:50,000 scale mean?
It means that 1cm on the paper
map corresponds to 50,000 cm
on the ground
50,000 cm = 500 m = 0.5 km
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Types of Informationin a Digital Map
Geographic information, which providesthe position and shapes of specific
geographic features.Attribute information, which provides
additional non-graphic information abouteach feature.
Display information, which describes howthe features will appear on the screen.
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Maps and Map Analysis
Maps can be broadly classified
into two groups:
1.Topographical maps
2.Thematic maps
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Topographical Map
It is a reference map showing the outline of
selected man-made and natural features of
the earth. It often acts as a frame for otherfeatures
Topography refers to the shape of surface
represented by contours or shading. It also
shows lands, roads and other prominentfeatures.
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Topographical Map
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Thematic maps
Thematic maps are an important sourceof GIS information. These are tools to
communicate geographical conceptssuch as Density of population, Climate,movement of goods and people, landuse etc. It has many classifications.
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Thematic Map
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Geographic Data Types:Data and Information
Although the two terms, data andinformation, are often used indiscriminately,
they both have a specific meaning. Data canbe described as different observations, whichare collected and stored. Information is thatdata, which is useful in answering queries orsolving a problem. Digitizing a large numberof maps provides a large amount of data
after hours of painstaking works, but the datacan only render useful information if it is usedin analysis.
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Spatial and Non-spatial data
Geographic data are organized in ageographic database. This database can
be considered as a collection of spatiallyreferenced data that act as a model ofreality. There are two importantcomponents of this geographicdatabase: its geographic position and its
attributes or properties. In other words,spatial data (where is it?) and attributedata (what is it?)
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Attribute Data
The attribute table contains thedescriptions about the feature i.e.
barangay described in terms of area andpopulation.
Barangay Area PopulationDos 35 sq. Km. 75,341Tres 35 sq. Km. 57,086Quattro 11 sq. Km. 2,952
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Spatial data
Geographic position refers to the fact thateach feature has a location that must be
specified in a unique way i.e. coordinatesystem is used.
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(GEP) GIS Encoding andProcessing
Earth features are coded in GIS
as points, lines or polygons
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What is Remote Sensing? Collection of data about an object from a
distance
With an aide of an eye, sense of smell and hearing
Earth scienctists, use to monitor or measurephenomena in the earth
Geographers, use to received and recordinformation thru a remote sensor
Foresters, forest cover maps and measuring
quantities of trees harvested Road engineers, locating possible access roads
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(GEP) GIS Encoding andProcessing
REMOTE SENSINGSATELLITE SENSOR
ATMOSPHERE
EARTH FEATURES
RECEIVING
STATION
INTERPRETATION
USERS
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PRODUCTS OF REMOTE SENSING:
SATELLITE IMAGES
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Satellite Images
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Aerial Photo
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Aerial Photo
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What is GPS?
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Global Positioning System
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Vulnerability andAdaptation
Assessment
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Background
Why local governments/cities should conduct V&A
assessment?
To satisfy reportorial requirements/commitments both to the national and globallevels
To generate critical information andknowledge to define priority adaptationactions and mitigation strategies
To be able to leverage technical and
financial resources To put forward the role of local governments and
cities in the national/global discourse on CC
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The V&A assessment
FrameworkExposure
Adaptive CapacitySensitivity
City Climate
ChangeVulnerability
Vulnerability = f (Exposure, Sensitivity, Adaptive Capacity)
Pl i f DRR/CCA Th F
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Planning for DRR/CCA: The Four-
phased process...
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Definition of Key Concepts
Vulnerability- is the degree to which a system issusceptible to, or unable to cope with, adverse
effects of climate change, including climatevariability and extremes.
Vulnerability is a function of the character,
magnitude, and rate of climate variation to which asystem is exposed, its sensitivity, and its adaptivecapacity (IPCC)
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Key Concepts
Exposure - is what is at risk from climatechange (e.g. population, resources, property)and the change in climate itself (e.g. sea level
rise, temperature, precipitation, extremeevents).
Sensitivity - is the biophysical effect ofclimate change which also considers the
socioeconomic context of the system beingassessed
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Definition of Key Concepts
Adaptive Capacity- is the ability of a system toadjust to climate change (including climatevariability and extremes) to moderate
potential damages, to take advantage ofopportunities, or to cope with theconsequences. The IPCC Third AssessmentReport outlines that it is a function of wealth,
technology, institutions, information,infrastructure, social capital.
Over all Process Flow
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Over-all Process Flow
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The Bottom Line... Identify the relationship of the risks and
hazards with recipient subject
Indentify vulnerability at various levels:individual, household, village,ecosystem,sub-basin, basin, national
Informed Decision
Making!
2020 and 2050 under A1B scenario over Philippines
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2020 and 2050 under A1B scenario over Philippines
DJF_2020
MAM_2020 MAM_2050
DJF_2050
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
R01
CAR
R02
R03
R04
NCR
R05
R06
R07
R08
R09
R10
R11
R12
CA
RAGA
ARMM
REGION
Temperature
(C)
2020
2050
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
R01
CAR
R02
R03
R04
NCR
R05
R06
R07
R08
R09
R10
R11
R12
C
ARAGA
ARMM
REGION
Temperature(C)
2020
2050
Projections formean tempare likely toincrease by
0.9 - 1.1 oC in2020
&1.7 - 2.2 oC in
2050.
Projections formean tempare likely toincrease by
0.9 - 1.2 oC in2020
&1.9 - 2.3 oC in
2050.
2020 and 2050 under A1B scenario over Philippines
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2020 and 2050 under A1B scenario over Philippines
Projections formean tempare likely toincrease by
1.0 - 1.3 oC in2020
&2.1 - 2.6 oC in
2050.
Projections formean tempare likely toincrease by
0.9 - 1.2 oC in2020
&1.8 - 2.2 oC in
2050.
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
R01
CAR
R02
R03
R04
NCR
R05
R06
R07
R08
R09
R10
R11
R12
C
ARAGA
ARMM
REGION
Temperature(C)
2020
2050
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
R01
CAR
R02
R03
R04
NCR
R05
R06
R07
R08
R09
R10
R11
R12
CARAGA
ARMM
REGION
Tempera
ture(C)
2020
2050
SON_2020
JJA_2050JJA_2020
SON_2050
Projected Change in Seasonal Mean Temperature
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0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
R01
CAR
R02
R03
R04
NCR
R05
R06
R07
R08
R09
R10
R11
R12
CARAGA
ARMM
REGION
Temperature
(C)
2020
2050
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
R01
CAR
R02
R03
R04
NCR
R05
R06
R07
R08
R09
R10
R11
R12
CARAGA
ARMM
REGION
Temperature(C)
2020
2050
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
R01
CAR
R02
R03
R04
NCR
R05
R06
R07
R08
R09
R10
R11
R12
CARAGA
ARMM
REGION
Temperature(C)
2020
2050
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
R01
CAR
R02
R03
R04
NCR
R05
R06
R07
R08
R09
R10
R11
R12
CARAGA
ARMM
REGION
Temperature(C)
2020
2050
DJF MAM
JJA SON
in the Philippines
Projections for mean temp are likely to increase by 0.9 - 1.2 oC by 2020 & from 1.72.6 oC by2050.
Projected Change in Annual Mean Temperature Relative o the Period 1971-2000 B d SRES A1B
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0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.02.5
3.0
3.5
R01
CAR
R02
R03
R04
NCR
R05
R06
R07
R08
R09
R10
R11
R12
CARAGA
ARMM
REGION
Temperature(C)
2020
2050
2000 Based on SRES A1B
REGION
2020 (2006-2035) 2050 (2036-2065)
DJF MAM JJA SON ANN DJF MAM JJA SON ANN
Region 1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.1
CAR 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.9 0.9 2.0 2.0 2.2 1.8 2.0
Region 2 0.9 1.0 1.0 0.9 0.9 1.9 2.0 2.4 1.8 2.0
Region 3 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 2.1 2.1 2.1 1.9 2.0
Region 4 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.8 2.1 2.3 1.9 2.0
NCR 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.0 2.1
Region 5 0.9 1.0 1.1 0.9 0.9 1.7 2.1 2.3 1.8 2.0
Region 6 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.8 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.1
Region 7 0.9 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.7 2.2 2.4 2.0 2.1
Region 8 0.9 1.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.6 1.9 2.5 2.0 2.0
Region 9 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.9 2.3 2.6 2.2 2.2
Region 10 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.8 2.0 2.4 2.1 2.1
Region 11 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.8 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.1
Region 12 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.1 2.1
CARAGA 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.7 1.9 2.3 2.2 2.0
ARMM 1.1 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 2.0 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.2
Projected Changes
in Annual MeanTemperature (C)
0.9 to 1.1 in 2020 and2.0 to 2.2 in 2050
in the Philippines
Projected changes in future climates in Rainfall for2020 d 2050 d A1B i Phili i
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2020 and 2050 under A1B scenario over Philippines
DJF_2020 DJF_2050
MAM_2020 MAM_2050
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
45
R01
CAR
R02
R03
R04
NCR
R05
R06
R07
R08
R09
R10
R11
R12
C
ARAGA
ARMM
REGION
Percent
(%)
2020
2050
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
45
R01
CAR
R02
R03
R04
NCR
R05
R06
R07
R08
R09
R10
R11
R12
CARAGA
ARMM
REGION
Percent(%)
2020
2050
Projections forSeasonal Mean
Rainfall
ranges from
-0.1 to 24.5%in 2020
&-12.5 to 18.2%
in 2050.
Projections forSeasonal Mean
Rainfallranges from
-17.8 to 7.3%in 2020
&-34.5 to 4.4%
in 2050.
Projected changes in future climates in Rainfall for2020 d 2050 d A1B i Phili i
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2020 and 2050 under A1B scenario over Philippines
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
45
R01
CAR
R02
R03
R04
NCR
R05
R06
R07
R08
R09
R10
R11
R12
CARAGA
ARMM
REGION
Percent(%)
2020
2050
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
45
R01
CAR
R02
R03
R04
NCR
R05
R06
R07
R08
R09
R10
R11
R12
C
ARAGA
ARMM
REGION
Percen
t(%)
2020
2050
Projections forSeasonal Mean
Rainfall
ranges from
-7.5 to 22.2%in 2020
&-10.8 to 44.6%
in 2050.
Projections forSeasonal Mean
Rainfall
ranges from
-11.4 to 20.6%in 2020
&-7.0 to 20%
in 2050.
SON_2020 SON_2050
JJA_2020 JJA_2050
Projected Change in Seasonal MeanRainfall in the Philippines
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Rainfall in the Philippines
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
45
R01
CAR
R02
R03
R04
NCR
R05
R06
R07
R08
R09
R10
R11
R12
CARAGA
ARMM
REGION
Percent(%
)
2020
2050
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
45
R01
CAR
R02
R03
R04
NCR
R05
R06
R07
R08
R09
R10
R11
R12
CARAGA
ARMM
REGION
Percent(%
)
2020
2050
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
45
R01
CAR
R02
R03
R04
NCR
R05
R06
R07
R08
R09
R10
R11
R12
CARAGA
ARMM
REGION
Percent(%)
2020
2050
-35
-25
-15
-5
5
15
25
35
45
R01
CAR
R02
R03
R04
NCR
R05
R06
R07
R08
R09
R10
R11
R12
CARAGA
ARMM
REGION
Percent(%)
2020
2050
DJF MAM
JJA SON
The drier seasons of March-May will become drier still,while the wetter seasons of June- August and September-November become wetter.
A downward trend is likely in Mindanao as indicated in the reduction in seasonal rainfall in MAM, JJA and SON by
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS (PRECIS)
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The mean seasonal temperatures are expected to rise byabout 0.9C to 1.4C for 2020 and 1.7 C to 2.4 C by 2050.
Projection of seasonal temporal rainfall variation is largest (-35 % to 45%) during the seasons of MAM and JJA.
Meanwhile projection of seasonal temporal rainfallvariation is lesser (-0.5 % to 25%) during the seasons of DJFand SON.
The highest increase in rainfall during southwest monsoonseason (JJA) is likely in Region 01 (44%), CAR (29%), Region03 (34%), Region 04 (24%) and Region 05 (24%) in 2050.
The model indicated that climate change will probablylead to an active southwest monsoon in Luzon and Visayasas evident in future increases in rainfall which is more
pronounced in JJA and becoming greater with time. The drier seasons of March-April-May will become drier still,
while the wetter seasons of June- August and September-November become wetter.
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS (PRECIS)
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Community-Based Disaster Risk
Reduction Management(CBDRRM)
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General Objectives :
To enhance the appreciation of participants oncommunity based disaster risk reduction and
management.
At the end training workshops, the participants
are expected to assess the risks and
vulnerabilities of communities
To facilitate integration of CBDRM and EWS in
the ecological profiles as inputs to CDP
preparation and to some extent, the CLUP
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Module 1: Understanding Disaster, Risk andDevelopment
Appreciation:
When hazards such as drought, flooding, stormsurges, etc. strike vulnerable communities, disasters
happen.
Disasters lead to huge losses that slow down or haltdevelopment.
Hazards alone do not lead to disasters. Vulnerabilityof communities or a country is brought about by thecomplex inter-relationship of the physical, political,social, and economic conditions prevailing in acountry.
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Objectives:
To explain the disaster situation of the province and
eachmunicipality
To define what a disaster is and why they happen To analyze the relationship of disasters and
development
Topics:
Provincial and municipal disaster situation
Definition of concepts disaster, vulnerabilities,
capacities, risk, adaptation and development
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Module 2: Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management (DRRM), Community
Based Disaster Risk Management
(CBDRM) and Adaptation
This module deals with a discussion on disaster riskmanagement activities - emergency, rehabilitation,reconstruction, prevention, mitigation, preparedness.It will focus on the concept of CDBRRM approach,
principles and processes.
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Objectives:
to Identify aims of disaster risk management and its
different activities;
to understand the concept, principles andprocesses of
CBDRM.Topics:
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management, objectives
and activities
Community Based Disaster Risk Management
principles and processes
Changing Concepts and practices
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Module 3: Preparedness and Mitigation/Risk
Reduction Measures
The module will provide inputs and sharing ofexperiences on flood preparedness and mitigation
like, strengthening provincial, municipal andbarangay level institutional arrangement, riskassessment, early warning system, public awareness,organizing and mobilization of community and otherrelated activities.
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Objective:
Topics: Community Vulnerability, Capacity and Adaptation
Assessment
Early Warning System
Public Awareness
Strengthening provincial, municipal and barangay levelinstitutional arrangement / structure
Organizing and mobilizing community people on
flood preparedness and mitigation activities
to identify relevant DRR and adaption information
to identify flood preparedness and mitigationmeasures applicable to the each locality
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Module 4: Flood Preparedness and Mitigation
Planning
This module will discuss the objective andprocess of flood preparedness and mitigationplan.
Objectives:
To explain the objectives and process of flood
preparedness and mitigation plan
To come up with an action plan
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Maraming Salamat!
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