1 07-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re1 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
Integrated AC/DC Transmission Systems –
Benefits of Power Electronics for Security and Sustainability of Power Supply
07-2008
PSCC 2008, Glasgow, July 14-18, 2008Survey Paper 2 – July 17
Jochen KreuselPart 2
Part 1Dietmar Retzmann
Dusan Povh
University of Ljubljana
2 07-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re2 Power Transmission and DistributionE T PS SL/Re 07-2008
lobal rendson Power MarketsCO2 Reduction – Green EnergyMegacities – Security of Supply
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Electrical Energy is the Backbone of our Society …
… today and in Future
3 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re07-2008
4 07-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
Conclusions of IPCC: CO2 Increase due to human Influence is much higher than natural Fluctuation
Carbon Dioxide Variations in the Air400
350
300
250
200
0 100 200 300 400
Thousandsof Years ago
Würm / Weichsel Riß / SaaleIce Age Mindel / Elster
CO2Concentration (ppmv)
Sources: Siemens E TI / Wikipedia 2006; IPCC 2007
A crucial Global Issue is CO2Reduction
The Industrial Revolution has caused a dramatic Rise in CO2
5 07-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re5 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
ecurity
ask 1
of Power Supply07-2008
6 07-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
Source: National Transmission Grid Study; U.S. DOE 5/2002 – “Preview”
System Enhancement necessary !
Source: ITC 8/2003 – “Blackout”
The US Blackout 2003:Congestion, Overloadsand Loop Flows
Problems only in thesynchronously interconnected Systems
* PTDF = Power Transfer Distribution Factor
*
If Power Flow exceeds the Design Criteria: Blackout
PTD6666
E T PS SL/Re
07-2008
7 07-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
The US Blackout Area – a Night-Time View
A View of the 8-14-2003 Event
“modified” Satellite Photo
Some of the Reasons were:Overloads and
Leading to Voltage Collapse
Loop Flows
8 07-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
The Area of the Blackout – the “real” Photos
Before the Blackout Source: EPRI 2003
However, some Islands still have local Supply
Québec´s HVDCs assist in Power Supply and System Restoration
Blackout: a large Area is out of Supply
9 07-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
Trans Bay Cable Project, USAWorld’s 1st VSC HVDC with MMC-Technology
9 E T PS SL/Re Power Transmission Division
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P = 400 MW, ± 200 kV DCCable
2010
~=
=~
==
~ == ~ ==
Q = +/- 170-300 MVAr Dynamic Voltage Support
No Increase inShort-Circuit Power
Energy Exchangeby Sea Cable
Elimination of Transmission Bottlenecks
07-2008
10 07-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
Benefits of Trans Bay Cable Project
Transmission Constraints before TBC
10 07-2008 E T PS SL/Re Power Transmission Division
Transmission Constraints after TBC
SignificantImprovements
Trans Bay Cable
HVDC PLUS makes it feasible
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New DC Cable Link Neptune RTS, USA
Customer:
End User:
Location:
Project
Development:
Supplier:
Transmission:
Power Rating:
Transmission Dist.:
Neptune RTS
Long Island Power Authority
(LIPA)
New Jersey: Sayreville
Long Island: Duffy Avenue
NTP-Date: 07/2005
PAC: 07/2007
Consortium
Siemens / Prysmian
Sea Cable – 500 kV
600/660 MW monopolar
82 km DC Sea Cable
23 km Land Cable
Ed Stern, President of Neptune RTS: “High-Voltage Direct Current Transmission will play an increasingly important Role, especially as itbecomes necessary to tap Energy Reserves whose Sources are far away from the Point of Consumption”
Safe and reliable Power Supply for Megacities: Firewall for BlackoutPrevention
Atlantic Ocean
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12 07-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
Neptune HVDC: 660 MW Full Power Delivery
12 E T PS SL/Re
Blackout in New York City – June 27, 2007
Neptune HVDCsuccessfully supported Long Island’s Power Supply – 700,000 Householdscould be saved
385,000 People without Electricity in Manhattan and Bronx: Subway broke down, Traffic Lights out of Operation – up to 1 hour Power Outage
Power Transmission DivisionPower Transmission Division
Long Island: Duffy Avenue
New Jersey: Sayreville
in Trial Operation – 2 Weeks ahead of Schedule
07-2008
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Neptune HVDC – Station Duffy Avenue
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‘Snapshots’ from the Inauguration on 10-11-2007
07-2008
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ask 2
of Power Supply07-2008
ustainability
15 07-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
Sustainability in Transmission – HVDC in Europe:
2011
Customer:Red Eléctrica de España
System Data:Rating 2 x 200 MWVoltage ± 250 kV DCThyristor 8 kV LTTCable Length 250 km
COMETA, Spain-Mallorca DC Interconnector
by using Energy-Mix
versus local Supply with a new Oil-fired Power Plant on the Island
from the Mainland –
Reduction in CO2:1.2 m tons p.a. (52 %)
16 07-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
SVC Siems – the 1st HV SVC in Germany
2004The Problem: no Right-of-Way for 400 kV ACGrid Access of Baltic Cable HVDC – only 110 kV
HVDC: Power Reduction from 600 MW to 450 MW
The Solution
HVDC and FACTS in parallel Operation
HVDC: Power Increase – from 450 MW to 600 MW
634,000 tons p.a.
Reduction in CO2:
More Hydro Power fromNORDEL to Germany
17 07-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
2009
India
East-South Interconnector and Ballia-Bhiwadi
Example of HVDCBallia-Bhiwadi:
Reduction in CO2: 688,000 tons p.a.through 37 % less Transmission Losses at*
2 x 3-ph AC 400 kV
1 x +/- 500 kV
DC versus AC
2,500 MW* 2,500 MW
20032,000 MW
800 km
… too long for 400 kV AC
17 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
1,450 km
Sustainability in Transmission – HVDC in India:
18 07-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
World’s first Order for an 800 kV UHV DCin China Southern Power Grid
Yunnan-Guangdong
5,000 MW1,418 Km
+/- 800 kV DC
Reduction in CO2 versus local Power Supply with Energy-Mix
32.9 m tons p.a. – by using Hydro Energy and HVDC for Transmission
Commercial Operation:2009 – Pole 12010 – Pole 2
19 07-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
Xiluodu-Zhexi 1728km
Zhexi
Xiluodu rightXiluodu right
Nanhui
XiangjiabaXiangjiaba
Sichuan Power Grid
Xiluodu-Zhuzhou970km
Zhuzhou
Xiluodu leftXiluoduleft
Wuhan
Guangdong
LeshanChongqing
Changsha
Shanghai
World’s biggest and longest 800 kV UHV DCTransmission Project – State Grid Corporation of China
6,400 MW+/- 800 kV DC
2,071 Km
Xiangjiaba-Shanghai
Commercial Operation:2011
19 07-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
Reduction in CO2 versus local Power Supply with Energy-Mix
41 m tons p.a. – by using Hydro Energy and HVDC for Transmission
Siemens, together with ABB and Chinese Partners, takes part in the Project (HVDCTransformers & Thyristor Valves with new 6-inch Thyristors at Fulong Conv. Station)
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“Snapshots” from DC Valve Tower Testing …
Dielectric Testing of Valve-Support Structure
… at High-Voltage Test Lab TU Karlsruhe, Germany
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Impressive Dimensions ! *
21 07-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re Power Transmission Division
* at Siemens-HSP High-Voltage Test Lab Troisdorf, Germany
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AC SystemHVDC
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into the
07-2008
ntegration of
23 07-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
Options of HVDC Interconnections
b) HVDC Long-Distance Transmission
a)
a) Back-to-Back Solution
Can be connected to long AC Lines
b)
c) Integration of HVDC into the AC System
c)
c)
24 07-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
Benefits of Hybrid System Interconnections
24 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re07-2008
System stable
System unstable
DC supports AC in Terms of Stability
25 07-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
GuiyangNayong
AnshunAnshun
Huishui
Hechi
Lubuge
TSQ-ILuoping
HVDC TSQ
LiudongYantan
TCSC & FSCPingguo
Baise
TSQ-II
Nanning
Yulin
Laibin
Hezhou
Gaomin
Luodong
ZhaoqingConv. Stat.
Beijiao Conv. Stat.
Guangzhou
Wuzhou
TSQ Conv. Stat.
Yunnan
Guangxi
Guizhou
Guangdong
HVDC GuiGuang
a – without Power Modulationb – with Power Modulation
of HVDC Controlc – further Improvements with
Pingguo TCSC/FSC
Power Flow in one Line Huishui-Hechi (MW)
Anshun Conv. Stat.
Liuzhou
Zhaoqing
Beijiao
Zhengcheng
Guangxi
Pingguo
FSC
GuiyangNayong
AnshunAnshun
Huishui
Hechi
Lubuge
TSQ-ILuoping
HVDC TSQ
LiudongYantan
TCSC & FSCPingguo
Baise
TSQ-II
Nanning
Yulin
Laibin
Hezhou
Gaomin
Luodong
ZhaoqingConv. Stat.
Beijiao Conv. Stat.
Guangzhou
Wuzhou
TSQ Conv. Stat.
Yunnan
Guangxi
Guizhou
Guangdong
HVDC Gui-Guang I
Anshun Conv. Stat.
Liuzhou
Hydro Power Station Thermal Power Station
Zhaoqing
Beijiao
Zhengcheng
Guangxi
Pingguo
FSC
Power System
5 10 15 200
0
600
900
1200
1500
-600
300
-900
-300
Time (s)Po
wer
flow
in o
ne li
neHu
ishui
-Hec
hi (M
VA)
a
b
ab
c
Dynamic Results
25 Power Transmission Division
HVDC Converter Station
TCSC FSC
E T PS SL/Re07-2008
China: Benefits of active Damping with HVDC & FACTS in a Hybrid AC-DC System
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FACTS & HVDC – Overview of Functions & “Ranking”
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HVDC LDT **
B2B **
FACTS TCSC SVC** SVC**
SystemA
SystemB
SystemC
SystemE
SystemF
SystemD
VoltagePowerFlow
Control of Limitation of
Faults SCP *
PowerSwingDamping
Spread ofVoltage Collapse
* SCP = Short-Circuit Power (System MVA)
SCCL Risk
Barrier
Barrier
Risk of Spread of Voltage CollapseRisk BarrierBarrier
** “Classic” or VSC
07-2008
27 07-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
The Vision: DC Energy Highway –why not in Europe too?
Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
Connecting:Wind PowerHydro PlantsSolar Fields
07-20082727
28 07-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
SeriesFSC
NGH
TPSC
TCSC
2, 2 Tian Guang 2003Kayenta 1992
Serra de Mesa 1999
Imperatriz 1999
Fortaleza 1986••
•
•
Samambaia 2002
•
Virginia Smith 1988
•Welsh 1995
•
Acaray 1981
•••Dürnrohr 1983
Etzenricht 1993Wien Südost 1993
•
Bom Jesus da Lapa 2002
•
Limpio 2003
•
Ibiuna 2002
•3 Vincent 2000
•Jacinto 2000
Funil 2001
2 Pelham, 2 Harker & 2 Central, 1991-1994
•Clapham 1995,Refurbishment
•
Atacama 1999
•
P. Dutra 1997
•Cerro Gordo 1999
•Chinú 1998
•Impala
•2 Adelanto 1995
•
•3 Montagnais 1993
•
2 Kemps Creek 1989
•Brushy Hill 1988
•
•
Campina Grande 2000
2 Zem Zem 1983
•
••
•
•
Rejsby Hede 1997
•Sullivan 1995
•Paul Sweet 1998 •
Inez 1998
•
2 Marcy 2001-2003
Military Highway 2000
•Kanjin (Korea) 2002
•
Lugo 1985
Laredo 2000
•
Spring Valley 1986
••IllovoAthene•
Muldersvlei 1997
•
2 Tecali 20023 Juile 2002
•Barberton 2003
•
Maputo 2003
Milagres 1988
• 2 Yangcheng 2000
•2 Hechi 2003
•
•
Eddy County 1992
2 Dominion 2003
2 Cuddapah 20032 Gooty 2003
•2 Midway 2004 Seguin 1998
•
1994-1995
Porter 2006Dayton 2006
Nine Mile 2005
ParallelSVC
MSC/R
.
.Moyle MSC 2003Willington 1997
2 Hoya Morena &Jijona 2004
Baish 2005Samitah 2006 .
K.I. North 2004
Kapal 1994
Ghusais,Hamria,Mankhool, Satwa
1997
.
Siems 2004
Cano Limón 1997
•
•••
••• Châteauguay 1984
Ahafo 2006•
•
2 Lucknow 2006
•
3 Puti 2005
• Shinyanga 2006 Iringa 2006
3, 2 El Dorado2006
•
•
• 2 Sabah 2006
Nebo 2007, Refurbishment
Devers 2006
2 Benejama &Saladas 2006
La Pila 1999
•
•• •• ••
Jember 1994
•Nopala 2007
•
•
Sa o Luis 2007
Sinop 2007
2 Fengjie 2006•
Status: 04-2008
••
Strathmore 2007
2 x 1.7 GVAr !
… and over 120 Industry SVCs all over the World
5 North-South III, Lot B 2007
•
••
••
Siemens FACTS & HVDC - worldwide
E T PS SL/Re
28
In total: over 180 SVCs
••
•
2 Greenbank & Southpine 2008
Trans Bay Cable2010
•
Alligator Creek 2009
9 Powerlink 2007, Refurbishment
•
Buzwagi 2007Dodoma 2008
Lamar 2005 Radsted 20062 Bellaire & Crosby 2008 2 Thannet, 3 Greater Gabbard 2009-2011
SVC PLUS
20062, 2 Purnea2, 2 Gorakhpur
Islington, 20092 Kikiwa &
STATCOMFlicker STATCOM
Load FlowB2B/GPFC
HVDC PLUS
UPFCCSC
19 x VSC
Plus 24 Projects for HVDC Long-Distance Transmission …8 alone between 2000 &2005 on 4 Continents
29 07-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
Siemens is successful in the HVDC Business –
GuG II2007
GuG I2004
Ge-Nan1989
Neptune2007
Poste Châte.
1984
Basslink
ESI2003/2007
Thailand-Malaysia
2001
Moyle2001
Acaray
1981Lamar
2005Virginia Smith1987
Sylmar East1995
TSQ2000
Celilo
1997/2004
1977/1998Cahora Bassa
Nelson River
1977/2004
Welsh
1995 2005
Ballia-Bhiwadi
2009
TSQ
Yunnan-Guangdong
Trans Bay Cable
2010
World’s 1st HVDC with LTT and integrated BOD
World’s 1st HVDC with Trans-mission Voltage above 500 kV
for more than 30 Years
Etzenricht1993
Wien Südost1993
Dürnrohr1983
Storebælt
2010
2010Bridnet
World’s 1st
HVDC with500 kV DC Cable
World’s 1st
HVDC with8 kV Thyristors
2009/2010
World’s 1st VSC HVDC with MMC-Technology
Spain-Mallorca2011
World’s longest HVDC Cable in Operation Power Transmission Division
E T PS SL/Re World’s 1st HVDC with Trans-mission Voltage of 800 kV !Status: 04-200829
Xiangjiaba-Shanghai
2011
World’s largest 800 kV HVDC !
30 07-2008 Power Transmission DivisionE T PS SL/Re
Lessons learned:HVDC and FACTS areessential for Transmission
30 E T PS SL/Re Power Transmission Division07-2008
Conclusions
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