Developing “Geo” Ontology Layers for Web Query
Faculty of Design & Technology Conference - 2005-12-07
David George,
Department of Computing
Focus of this Presentation
The Web - a “global information space”, with information issues.
Ontology – what is it and how can it be used?
Semantic Web - as method of linking (or integrating) information and knowledge using Ontology.
Research area: “Geographical Ontology Layers for Query Purposes”.
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The Web – a Global Information Space
Graphical representation of World Wide Web around Google(from Wikipedia, a Web-based free-content encyclopaedia)
GNU Free Documentation
License
Information issues - Web queries
Google query Page results
Cook 130,000,000
“New Zealand” 230,000,000
Cook discovered “New Zealand” 950,000
“Cook discovered New Zealand” 167
Ontologies – what are they?
In Computing - ontology is a formal vocabulary defining basic terms and concepts of a topic area (“universe of discourse”) e.g. medicine, manufacturing, geography, etc.
An Ontology defines:
concepts and their attributes. relationships between concepts. constraints on those relationships.
What is the Semantic Web?
Project aimed to make web pages ”understandable” by computers.
Universal medium for information exchange by giving meaning or semantics.
Semantic Web solution based on RDF and OWL Ontology XML-based languages (W3C, 2004).
Semantics on the Web
Based on RDF triple (subject, property, object) – termed a binary directed relationship, e.g.:
discovered(Cook, New Zealand)
same as:
<Cook> <discovered> <New Zealand>
RDF is a graph-based model for describing how Internet resources relate to each other (e.g. Web pages).
WWW and Semantic Web
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Current WWW Semantic Web
(Kiryakov et al, 2004)
RDF/XML Serialisation
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" xmlns:info="http://www.dgeorge.com/vocabulary/pim/info#">
<info:Person rdf:about="http://www.uclan.ac.uk/gradschool/conf/dec05/index.htm#DGeorge"> <info:fullName>David George</info:fullName> <info:mailbox rdf:resource="mailto:[email protected]"/> <info:activity>Research Student</info:activity> <info:presentation rdf:resource="http://www.uclan.ac.uk/gradschool/conf/dec05/George-D-ppt.htm"/> </info:Person>
</rdf:RDF>
RDF Graph of linked resources
RDF Directed Graph
<info:Person rdf:about="http://www.uclan.ac.uk/gradschool/conf/dec05/index.htm#DGeorge"> <info:fullName>David George</info:fullName> <info:mailbox rdf:resource="mailto:[email protected]"/> <info:activity>Research Student</info:activity> <info:presentation rdf:resource="http://www.uclan.ac.uk/gradschool/conf/dec05/George-D-ppt.htm"/> </info:Person>
Geographic Ontology Layers
Water Utility
relief
pipelines
rivers
LA. Planning
housing
economic
population
Road Transportation & Populations
OWL Ontology LanguageOWL Ontology Language
Linked Ontology Layers
Updated Grid Refs.[1] based on Ordnance Survey Positional Accuracy Improvement programme. [1] http://www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk/oswebsite/gi/nationalgrid/nghelp1.html
Say two Local authorities were considering a planning application for a Chemical factory extension?
The plant was 200 metres from a nearby school.
What other examples of planning approvals exist? I.e. are there precedents for rejection or approval?
Queries using an Ontology
Queries using an Ontology
LAx LAy
<chemical_plant> <equivalentClass> <Chemical_Process_Unit><chemical_factory> <equivalentClass> <Chemical_Process_Unit>
“Chemical_Plant” “Chemical_Factory”
Querying the Ontology:
OWL-QL based on RDF triple of (subject, predicate, object)
Query to find other LA terms:
{(subclassOf ?x Chemical_Process_Unit)}
Then apply further queries based on retrieved information . . . . .
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