Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
1Amendra Shrestha
1 Lisa Kaati 1Enghin Omer 2 Nico Prucha
1Uppsala University
2King’s College London
November 14, 2015
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
1 IntroductionInternet and violent extremism
2 Violent jihadi on Twitter
3 Data
4 Detecting jihadi
5 Results
6 Future Work
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
Internet and violent extremism
Internet and violent extremism
• media mujahideen
• supporters of jihadist groups
• ”battlefield for jihad, a place for missionary work, a field ofconfronting the enemies of God”
• recruit new members
• financing and travelling activities
• generate anxiety
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
Internet and violent extremism
Detecting terrorism propaganda
• Safe Internet - combat terrorist propaganda and relatedviolent extremist activities on the internet
• Europol IRU - identify and refer relevant online contenttowards concerned internet service providers and supportMember States with operational and strategic analysis.
• But.... it is too much out there!
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
Internet and violent extremism
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
Is it possible to automatically detect ISISmessages on Twitter?
Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
Important Jihadi on Twitter
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
Shumukh al-Islam forumprovided a ”Twitter Guide”
@StragegyAffairs
@JbhatALnusra
@e3teqal
@1400year
@IsraeliAffairs
@mujtahidd
0 1
• @mujtahiddTweets on a range of topics, uses twoimportant names Harith and Hummam(Lion and cultivator) in profile image.
• @IsraeliAffairsMuslim, Arab citizen, works on behalfof his country. A diplomat, translatorand researcher in Israeli affairs.
• @1400yearArabic name is gharib fi wadanihi, thestranger in his own country.Rachid Nekkaz as profile image.
Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
Location of timezone : Important Jihadi
• time of tweets
• user are given option of entering a nearby city to set thetimezone
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
Language used : Important Jihadi
• ascertainded from Twitter API.
• some user tweet more than in one language
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
Followers of important jihadi
• 129,905 users follow more than one important Jihadi’ account
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
79% follow between two and five of important jihad
45%Follow only two of the important jihadiaccounts
504users follow more than 40 of important jihadiaccounts
Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
Language used : Followers of important jihadi
• based on 504 users which follows 40 or more important jihadiaccount
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
Frequent followers of important jihadi
• Followers of 65 important jihadi
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
Hashtags used to download data
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
Misleading tweets
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
Jihadist networks
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
Example of tweet
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
Most frequent words
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
Detecting jihadi
• Data dependent features
• Data independent features
• Arabic and English
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
Data dependent features
• Frequently used words
• Frequently used hashtags
• Frequently used letter bigrams
• Frequently used word bigrams
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
Data independent features
• Word length
• Letters
• Digits
• Punctuation
• Function words
• Hashtag
• Emotion words
• Time profile
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
} Stylometry features
Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
Tweep & Tweet
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
Experiment
• Classify tweeps and tweets
• Multiple language : English and Arabic
• Tweeps• Pro-English : 93• Random-English : 742• Pro-Arabic : 81• Random-Arabic : 256
• Tweets• Pro-English : 27,753• Random-English : 60,000• Pro-Arabic : 16,000• Random-Arabic : 45,013
• AdaBoost
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
Result
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
Arabic tweeps
English tweeps
Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
Arabic tweets
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
Precision Accuracy Recall0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Indep Dep All
Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
English tweets
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
Precision Accuracy Recall0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
Indep Dep All
Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
Most important features
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
Arabic
• on
• about
• today
• that
English
• islamic state
• isis
• the islamic
• #iraq
Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
Analysing Arabic Tweets
• complexity of the Arabic language
• one word in Arabic to reference a complex theological concept
• specialized way of expression
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
Outline Introduction Violent jihadi on Twitter Data Detecting jihadi Results Future Work
Future Work
• semi-automatic tool
• more diverse and complex dataset
• improve result for Arabic tweets
• ageing factor of radical tweets
Detecting Multipliers of Jihadism on Twitter
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