Demand Response:An Integrated Resource
CEC Scoping WorkshopLoad Management StandardsMarch 3, 2008
John GoodinLead, Demand Response
2
MRTU Core Market Functions
Day-ahead:Clear bid-in supply against bid-in demandCongestion managementProcure operating reserves and regulation Perform Unit Commitment -to ensure adequate resources are available to meet forecasted demand & reserve requirements in real-time
Real Time:Procure additional operating reserves and regulation, if necessaryReal-time dispatch of resources to meet instantaneous demand Reliable real-time operation -observe grid constraints, respond to contingencies, comply with WECC/NERC operating criteria
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Key Challenge… Meeting the Growing Demand
CAISO Load Duration CurveSept '05 to Sept '06
15,000
20,000
25,000
30,000
35,000
40,000
45,000
50,000
55,000
1
26
2
52
3
78
4
1,0
45
1,3
06
1,5
67
1,8
28
2,0
89
2,3
50
2,6
11
2,8
72
3,1
33
3,3
94
3,6
55
3,9
16
4,1
77
4,4
38
4,6
99
4,9
60
5,2
21
5,4
82
5,7
43
6,0
04
6,2
65
6,5
26
6,7
87
7,0
48
7,3
09
7,5
70
7,8
31
8,0
92
8,3
53
8,6
14
Hour
Ho
url
y A
ve. D
eman
d
50,085 MW Peak 7/24/06
Greater than 45,000 MW 57 hours or 0.65%
Greater than 40,000 MW 279 hours or 3.2%
Greater than 35,000 MW 805 hours or 9.2%
Winter Peak 33,275 MW 12/14/05
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Key Challenge… Increasing Load Factor (Summer)
28,000
29,500
31,000
32,500
34,000
35,500
37,000
38,500
40,000
41,500
43,000
44,500
46,000
47,500
49,000
50,500
52,000
0:00 1:20 2:40 4:00 5:20 6:40 8:00 9:20 10:40 12:00 13:20 14:40 16:00 17:20 18:40 20:00 21:20 22:40 0:00
Actual Load 1 in2 Forecast 1 in 10 Forecast
50,085 MW
28,424 MW
July 24, 2006
21,661 MW Delta
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Key Challenge… Increasing Load Factor (Winter)
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Key Challenge… Integrating Intermittent Resources
Integrating & Firming the energy production from this wind park
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Meg
awat
ts
Average
Each Day is a different color…
Day 29
Day 5 Day 26
Day 9
Tehachapi Wind Generation in April – 2005
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Wind vs. Actual Load on a Typical Hot Day in 2006
CAISO Wind Generation
July 2006 Heat Wave
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
07/1
6/06
07/1
7/06
07/1
7/06
07/1
8/06
07/1
8/06
07/1
9/06
07/1
9/06
07/2
0/06
07/2
0/06
07/2
1/06
07/2
1/06
07/2
2/06
07/2
2/06
07/2
3/06
07/2
3/06
07/2
4/06
07/2
4/06
07/2
5/06
07/2
5/06
07/2
6/06
07/2
6/06
MW
Wind Generation Wind Generation at Peak
Total Wind Generation Installed Capacity = 2,648 MW
Wind Generation at Peak
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Demand Response Working Groups
Five Working Groups Formed to Help Shape the Future Model and Integration of Demand Response Resources Vision for Demand Resources- CPUC lead DR Participation in MRTU Release 1- CAISO lead DR Participation in MRTU Release 1A- CAISO lead DR Product Specification- CEC lead Appropriate DR Infrastructure- CEC lead
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Example…the Need for Integration
Under MRTU:
Expected Emergency Triggered DR Amount: 1,700 MW
Demand Forecast: 45,000 MW
DA Forward Market Clears: 43,000 MW
CAISO Commits 2,000 MW of additional capacity to be available
The CAISO did not commit only 300 MWs (45,000 -1,700 = 43,300), the CAISO must plan to meet all the load, even the non-firm load that may be available for interruption if a system emergency is declared. The CAISO does not plan the system to be in an emergency state so that it can have access to emergency triggered resources.
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Retail Programs to Wholesale Market Products
Retail Programs Wholesale Products
Wholesale Market Products: Day-ahead Market
• Energy: Price-Responsive Demand• Ancillary Services: Non-spin, Spin & Regulation
Residual Unit Commitment Capacity
Real-time Market• Energy Market- Balancing Energy• Ancillary Services- Non-spin, Spin & Regulation
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