Proposed Regional Coastal Plan
Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Redline version reflecting commissioner’s decisions
Contents
Introduction 3
Purpose of the regional coastal plan 3
Structure of the document 3
Jurisdiction and legal framework 4
Statutory requirement for the plan 4
Jurisdiction 4
Values of the coastal marine areas of the islands 6
Values of the Subantarctic Islands 6Natural character—geology, ecosystems, flora and fauna 6Māori values of the Subantarctic Islands 9Cultural and historic heritage values of the Subantarctic Islands 10Current use values 11Conservation management on the Subantarctic Islands 11Scientific research in the Subantarctic Islands 12Tourism 12Fishing 13Wreck exploration and salvage 14
Values of the Kermadec Islands 14Seabirds 15Cetaceans in the Kermadec region 16Cultural and historic heritage in the Kermadec Islands 17Current use values 21
Issues, objectives, policies and methods of implementation 23
Issue 1 Natural character 23Natural character objectives 24Natural character policies 24
Issue 2 Kaitiakitanga of the coastal marine area 32Kaitiakitanga of the coastal marine area of the Kermadec Islands 32Kaitiakitanga of the coastal marine area of the Subantarctic Islands 32
Issue 3 Cultural and historic heritage 33
Rules 37
Occupation 37
Structures 38
Discharges from land 40
Shipwrecks 42
Disturbance 43
Use of water 44
Harmful or invasive species 44
Deposition 44
Temporary rules for hull and niche area fouling 45
Controls on hull and niche area fouling 47
Surface water activities in the Subantarctic Islands—controls on access to zones close into shore and activities 49
Surface water activities in the Kermadec Islands—controls on access to zones close into shore and activites 55
Other matters 60
Administrative charges 60
Coastal occupation charges 60
Financial contributions 60Method to determine amount of contribution 61
Integrated management 62Conservation management strategies 62Marine reserves and the Marine Protected Area Forum for the Southern Ocean 62Te Tangi a Tauira—The Cry of the People: Ngāi Tahu ki Murihiku’s iwi management plan 63Biosecurity 63Environmental Protection Authority 64
Monitoring efficiency and effectiveness 64
Information to be submitted with a coastal permit application 64
Glossary 66
Appendix 1
Maps 71
Appendix 2
Sites of cultural and historic heritage 82
Appendix 3
Vessel hull and niche area inspection form for voluntary approach until 1 year after the plan becomesoperative 87
Appendix 4
Vessel hull and niche area inspection protocols and forms for rules 26 and 27 90
Appendix 5
Statutory Restrictions in Parts 2 and 3 of the RMA 97
Appendix 6
Other agencies with key roles in CMA 99
3Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Introduction
The preparation of a regional coastal plan (RCP) for New Zealand’s offshore islands by the Minister of Conservation is a legal requirement under section 31A of the Resource Management Act (RMA). The offshore islands include the Kermadec Islands and the Subantarctic Islands (Snares Islands/Tini Heke, the Bounty Islands, the Antipodes Islands, the Auckland Islands, Campbell Island/Motu Ihupuku and the islands adjacent to Campbell Island/Motu Ihupuku).
The isolation of these islands (see Fig. 1) is a key reason for the Minister of Conservation being responsible for the preparation and monitoring of this regional coastal plan. Their isolation is also key to the islands’ retention of natural features and abundant unique and diverse flora and fauna, as summarised in the values section.
Purpose of the regional coastal plan
The plan aims to give effect to the purpose of the RMA by providing for the sustainable management of the coastal marine areas of the Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands.
Sections 12, 14 and 15 of the RMA restrict certain activities in the coastal marine area unless expressly allowed by a rule in a regional coastal plan or a resource consent. This plan contains objectives, policies and methods including rules, which establish the framework within which certain uses are permitted and proposals for activities can be assessed. The plan provides certainty for existing and potential users of the coastal marine area through the provision of these rules.
structure of the document
This document is structured as follows:
The jurisdiction/extent of this plan and the legal framework that it sits within1. Summaries of the values of the two groups of islands2. The issues of concern that threaten the values, and the objectives, polices and 3. methods to address themThe rules controlling activities within the coastal marine areas of the two groups of 4. islandsOther matters (i.e. administrative charges, integrated management and information to 5. be submitted with a coastal permit application)Appendices with other relevant information6.
4 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Jurisdiction and legal framework
Statutory requirement for the plan
It is a legal requirement for the Minister of Conservation to prepare this regional coastal plan. Section 31A of the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA)—emphasis added—states:
31A Minister of Conservation to have certain powers of local authority (1) The Minister of Conservation—
(a) has, in respect of the coastal marine areas of the Kermadec Islands, the Snares Islands, the Bounty Islands, the Antipodes Islands, the Auckland Islands, Campbell Island, and the islands adjacent to Campbell Island, the responsibilities, duties, and powers that a regional council would have under section 30(1)(d) if those coastal marine areas were within the region of that regional council; and
(b) may exercise, in respect of the islands specified in paragraph (a),— (i) the responsibilities, duties, and powers that a regional council would have
under this Act if those islands were within the region of that regional council; and
(ii) the responsibilities, duties, and powers that a territorial authority would have under this Act if those islands were within the district of that territorial authority.
(2) The responsibilities, duties, and powers conferred on the Minister of Conservation by subsection (1)(b) are in addition to the powers conferred on that Minister by subsection (1)(a).
(3) The responsibilities, duties, and powers conferred on the Minister of Conservation by this section are in addition to the responsibilities, duties, and powers conferred on that Minister by this Act.
Jurisdiction
Section 2(1) of the RMA gives the following definition for the coastal marine area:
Coastal marine area means the foreshore, seabed, and coastal water, and the air space above the water — (a) Of which the seaward boundary is the outer limits of the territorial sea: (b) Of which the landward boundary is the line of mean high water springs, except
that where that line crosses a river, the landward boundary at that point shall be whichever is the lesser of— (i) One kilometre upstream from the mouth of the river; or (ii) The point upstream that is calculated by multiplying the width of the river
mouth by 5:
Given the small size of rivers on New Zealand’s offshore islands, a simple approach to river mouth boundaries has been adopted—a continuation of the line of Mean High Water Springs (MHWS)1 straight across the mouth of all rivers.
1 Refer to Glossary for definition of MHWS.
5Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
050
01,
000
250
km
050
100
25km
025
050
012
5km
´
Ze
alan
dN
ew
Sub
anta
rctic
Is
land
s
Ker
mad
ec
Isla
nds
Isla
nds
Cha
tham
Auc
klan
d Is
land
s
Sna
res
Isla
nds
/ Cam
pbel
l Isl
and
/M
otu
Ihup
uku
Ant
ipod
es
Isla
nds
Bou
nty
Isla
nds
Tini
Hek
e
L’es
pera
nce
Roc
k
Cur
tis Is
land
Mac
aule
y Is
land
Che
esem
an R
aoul
Isla
nd
Isla
nd
K1
K1
S1
S1
New
Zea
land
EE
Z
12nm
Ter
ritor
ial S
ea
LEG
EN
D
Pro
ject
ion:
WG
S_1
984_
Mer
cato
r
Loca
tion
of K
erm
adec
and
Sub
anta
rctic
Isla
nds
Figu
re 1.
Lo
catio
n of
the
Ker
mad
ec a
nd S
uban
tarc
tic Is
land
s.
6 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
While this plan focuses on the management of activities within the coastal marine area, it recognises that there will be some management issues that cross the MHWS boundary. There will also be activities that take place on the land above MHWS that may affect the coastal marine area. Activities below MHWS are managed under this plan, while activities above mean low water mark are managed by the Conservation Management Strategies for both groups of islands, and activities that straddle the boundaries will need to be managed in an integrated manner.
Values of the coastal marine areas of the islands
The Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands and their coastal marine areas are unique. The islands themselves have one of the highest levels of protection in New Zealand statute as nature reserves under the Reserves Act 1977. The Subantarctic Islands are also national reserves under the Reserves Act and are internationally recognised world heritage areas. This world heritage status applies out to 12 nautical miles. For both groups of islands, there is significant land–sea dependency. Hence, an ecosystem-based approach that provides for well-integrated management of the land–sea interface is required, and will be provided by integrated planning with the Conservation Management Strategies for the two groups of islands.
Values of the Subantarctic Islands
Natural character—geology, ecosystems, flora and fauna
New Zealand’s Subantarctic Islands are made up of five groups of islands: Snares Islands/Tini Heke; Bounty Islands; Antipodes Islands; Auckland Islands; and Campbell Island/Motu Ihupuku and the islands surrounding it.
The Subantarctic Islands are located on the Pacific Plate, on two plateaus on the continental shelf that is to the south and east of the bottom of the South Island off mainland New Zealand. Three of the island groups are on the Campbell Plateau to the south-southeast: Snares Islands/Tini Heke, the Auckland Islands and Campbell Island/Motu Ihupuku. The other two groups, the Bounty Islands and the Antipodes Islands, are on the Bounty Plateau to the east-southeast. The two plateaus are sometimes referred to collectively as the Southern Plateau.
There are some key differences in the geological history of the individual island groups. The parent rock of the Southern Plateau is granite and metamorphic rocks more than 100 million years old. These rocks are similar in composition to the western mountains of the South Island of New Zealand and Marie Byrd Land in West Antarctica. Snares Islands/Tini Heke and the Bounty Islands, the two most northerly groups of islands, are made up of granite and metamorphic rocks of this ancient landmass.
Because of the distances between each island group and their different geological ages, each has its own unique assemblage of marine algae, invertebrates and fish. Each marine assemblage has a reasonable level of endemism and is as distinctive as the terrestrial flora and fauna of these islands. Diving surveys around the Bounty and Antipodes Islands in April 2005 showed that these areas support as many species as renowned areas such as Galapagos Island and Puget Sound (Department of Conservation & Ministry of Fisheries 2006: page 11)2. Diving surveys in February 2009 showed striking differences in the types
7Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
of species that colonised the inshore areas of the Bounty and Antipodes Islands. These differences could be attributable to a range of factors, such as currents and the position of the islands on the Bounty Plateau, but geology is considered a key factor.
The Bounty Islands are composed of smooth outcrops of ancient granite (early Jurassic) about 180 million years old. They are more closely related to the Jurassic granite of West Antarctica than to New Zealand rocks. The islands have virtually no vegetation above the high tide mark, other than Cook’s scurvy grass Lepidium oleraceum, which was discovered in 2004. The shoreline has a continuous fringe of the common bull kelp Durvillaea antarctica. A severe storm can cover the entire island group in salt spray.
Biological diving surveys in February 2009 that investigated the nearshore marine communities of the New Zealand Subantarctic Islands showed that the islands are significantly different from each other, both in terms of their species composition and their potential ecological function. For example, while Antipodes Island rocky reefs support fairly typical subantarctic shallow subtidal marine communities dominated by nongeniculate coralline algae, the rocky reefs of the Bounty Islands are dominated by filter- and suspension-feeding invertebrates, such as encrusting sponges, barnacles and mussels.
There is virtually no soil development on the Bounty Islands. The higher altitude islands carry a film of hard, polished guano deposited by generations of seabirds and enamelled to the rock surfaces, but elsewhere winter rains wash away bird droppings from the previous summer. Hollows become filled with brown organic sludge formed from decaying carcasses, moulted penguin feathers, excreta, food scraps and seaweed washed up by waves or brought ashore by the Bounty Island shags as nesting material. The shags have coped with the lack of terrestrial plant material for nesting by collecting brown seaweed from the sea. The mollymawks use penguin feathers to reinforce their nests. Despite the lack of soil development and vegetation, the Bounty Islands provide a graphic demonstration of the role of these subantarctic islands as breeding grounds.
Campbell and Auckland Islands have a more diverse range of marine habitats, which include large embayments and sheltered harbours. Contrasting geology, oceanographic conditions, and nutrient input from seabird and pinniped colonies may all contribute to the observed nearshore community structures of the islands. Each of the island groups supports distinct marine assemblages, with their own suite of endemic species and subspecies. Many of these endemic species are conspicuous and common, such as the endemic species of bull kelp found only at Antipodes Island, which grows down to 20 metre depths, with plants up to 5 metres in length.
The terrestrial and marine environments of the Subantarctic Islands are closely linked. Many species that utilise the islands for shelter, nesting or resting are dependent on the surrounding seas for food; and the islands and vegetation they support receive significant nutrient enrichment from the sea via the input of guano. For example, Antipodes Island has soil and supports a diverse terrestrial flora, which includes large tussocks, Poa litorosa. The soil and vegetation provides a ‘filter’ for nutrients brought to the island by pinnipids and seabirds. The alga Prasiola crispa is found around penguin colonies and in seabird nests on Antipodes Island, surviving on marine-derived nutrients provided by birds. In contrast, as noted above, the Bounty Islands have virtually no soil or terrestrial flora. The guano and excrement produced by seabirds and fur seals at the Bounty Islands runs off the steep islands, directly into the nearshore marine environment, without the ‘filter’ provided by soil and vegetation at Antipodes Island. The entire Bounty Islands nearshore marine environment receives significant enrichment from the rich supply of marine-derived nutrients, which likely helps to support the diverse encrusting communities found there.
2 Department of Conservation; Ministry of Fisheries 2006: Marine protection for the New Zealand Subantarctic Islands— a background resource document. Department of Conservation and Ministry of Fisheries, Wellington, New Zealand.
8 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
The Subantarctic Islands are significant island refuges for a range of plants and animals found nowhere else in the world. They are important breeding grounds for countless seabirds, penguins and marine mammals, and the habitat of some special plants. The southern ocean is equally important as habitat and a vast feeding ground for wildlife. Significant natural features of the New Zealand subantarctic region include:
The endemic New Zealand sea lion, which has its principal breeding grounds at the •Auckland IslandsAmong the greatest diversity of penguin species found in the world, comprising four •breeding species (Snares crested, erect crested, the yellow-eyed and rockhopper—three of which are endemic) and seven transient species 40 seabird species breed on the islands—11% of all seabird species in the world and •30% of the world’s petrelsThe world’s only breeding populations of southern royal albatross and •Campbell albatross The world’s largest populations of wandering albatross, white-capped mollymawk and •Salvin’s mollymawk Over five million • 3 (estimated) breeding seabirds on the 328-hectare Snares Islands/Tini HekeThe world’s rarest cormorant, duck, snipe and penguin species (Bounty Island shag, •Campbell Island teal, Campbell Island snipe and yellow-eyed penguin, respectively)The main breeding ground for southern right whales in the southwest Pacific •(Port Ross on Auckland Island)—formerly endangered14 endemic species or sub-species of land birds •120 species of birds and 200 species of indigenous vascular plants •A high level of endemic species of vascular plants (including some that are otherwise •only found on Macquarie Island)The spectacular Subantarctic megaherbs, including the daisy genus • Pleurophyllum, which is endemic to the New Zealand subantarctic biological regionThe colourful rātā forests and the southernmost tree ferns in the world on the •Auckland IslandsOne of the world’s largest near-pristine islands • (outside the Antarctic and Arctic)—Adams Island at 9896 hectares has never had an introduced mammal become established 11 geological sites and landforms of national and regional importance, including •granite features (Tertiary dikes and sills), and volcanic features (columnar jointing, lava flows, an intrusive plug, a gabbro, scoria cones and a rare occurrence of peralkaline rhyolite)A fascinating human history of exploration, shipwrecks, sealing, whaling, farming and •early scientific expeditions
Despite their small size, these islands are very important—largely because of their isolation. This isolation has enabled the retention of their many natural features and abundant wildlife, which has not been the case for so much of the remainder of New Zealand.
The islands were listed as a world heritage area in 1998. The extent of that world heritage status extends out to 12 nautical miles, in recognition of the dependence of the islands’ biota on the sea. Each of the inter-connected land–sea ecosystems is crucial to the survival of a large number of endemic, threatened or endangered species.
3 This is a drop of around 1 million from the estimate of over 6 million seabirds on the Snares Islands/Tini Heke given in the CMS in 1998, reflective of the significant decline of sooty shearwaters (or tītī)—refer Scott et al. 2008: Decline of sooty shearwaters, Puffinus griseus, on the Snares, New Zealand. Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 142(1): 185–196.
9Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
The New Zealand subantarctic waters are on the migratory path of several whale species, including southern right, minke, sei, fin, blue and humpback baleen whales. The islands are also an important breeding site for southern right whales. Sperm whales, orca and dusky dolphins (toothed whales) are sometimes seen around the New Zealand Subantarctic Islands. Two small cetaceans, the hourglass dolphin and the very rare spectacled porpoise, are restricted to these latitudes and are occasionally seen in New Zealand subantarctic waters.
Māori values of the Subantarctic Islands
Three principal tribes of Te Waipounamu (South Island) and Stewart Island/Rakiura—Waitaha, Kāti Māmoe and Ngāi Tahu—occupied those lands in succession before the arrival of Europeans. Ngāi Tahu established their control of the rohe (tribal area) by intermarriage, diplomacy and warfare with Waitaha and Kāti Māmoe, so that today Ngāi Tahu holds mana whenua in southern New Zealand.
Ngāi Tahu also claims mana whenua for the southern islands, which are said to have been known to and used by expeditions seeking food and other natural resources prior to the arrival of Europeans. Ngāi Tahu has established its right under the Treaty of Waitangi to a reasonable share of the sea fisheries off its rohe within the 200 mile exclusive economic zone.
The Ngāti Mutunga iwi and the Mōriori people of the Chatham Islands have links with the Auckland Islands (known to iwi as both Motu Maha and Maungahuka), specifically through the attempt to settle the Port Ross area in the period 1842–56. Separate claims concerning the Auckland Islands have been lodged with the Waitangi Tribunal. Mōriori (Te Iwi Moriori Trust Board and Takat Henu Association of Rekohau Trust, Chatham Islands) have lodged a claim based on Whanaungatunga—an ancestral relationship to Maungahuka; and Te Rununga O Wharekauri (Ngāti Mutunga, Chatham Islands) has lodged a claim for recognition of mana whenua, based on the Port Ross occupation. Another group of Ngāti Mutunga people on the Chatham Islands, who also have strong links to the Auckland Islands, do not support any claim to Maungahuka by their iwi—instead, this group supports the Ngāi Tahu claim.
The Department of Conservation is required to consult with tangata whenua, and it does so willingly and will continue to do so to ensure that iwi interests are taken into account in the Department’s decision-making processes for the Subantarctic Islands and surrounding ocean.
The Ngāi Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1998 (the Settlement Act) gives effect to the Deed of Settlement signed by the Crown and Te Runanga o Ngāi Tahu on 21 November 1997 to achieve a final settlement of Ngāi Tahu’s historical claims against the Crown.
The Settlement Act acknowledges the special association of Ngāi Tahu with taoka species found in the Southern Ocean, including hoiho (yellow-eyed penguin), tītī (petrels), toroa (albatrosses and mollymawks), rimurapa (bull kelp) and marine mammals.
As a part of the Crown’s settlement with Ngāi Tahu, protocols have been developed on how the Department and Ngāi Tahu will work together on specified matters of cultural significance to Ngāi Tahu.
Ngāi ai Tahu ki Murihiku are kaitiaki of the Southland region, including the southern islands. They have prepared a management plan: Te Tangi a Tauira—The Cry of the People, which consolidates Ngāi Tahu ki Murihiku values, knowledge and perspectives on natural resource and environmental management issues.
10 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Cultural and historic heritage values of the Subantarctic Islands
Archaeological and historical sites in the New Zealand Subantarctic Islands range from small archaeological deposits through to complete original buildings, and include introduced plants (such as flax at the Auckland Islands) and modifications of the natural environment (such as sections of beach cleared of large stones to form boat runs). They represent a range of human history of local, national and international significance; from the southernmost recorded extent of Polynesian settlement, to sites where the transit of Venus was observed by international scientific expeditions.
Many sites span the boundary between land and marine environments, and almost all have a maritime landscape context. Some sites and site complexes combine to form historic landscapes. For example, in Port Ross at the Auckland Islands, more sheltered anchorages are the hub for a number sites, including the Enderby Company settlement and outlying farmsteads; the Erebus cove cemetery; castaway provision depots, boatsheds and fingerposts; sealing bases; coastwatcher base and lookout; and sites of scientific observations, including the transit of Venus. There is a similar hub around the more sheltered waters at the head of Perseverance Harbour at Campbell Island/Motu Ihupuku around Camp and Tucker Coves. Because of the way in which heritage values cross between land and sea, many of the sites, buildings, places or areas extend landward of Mean High Water Springs. To achieve integrated management of these areas, they also need to be given appropriate recognition and protection in the Conservation Management Strategy for the Subantarctic Islands.
The islands were notorious for shipwrecks in the second half of the nineteenth century. Shipping traffic in the Southern Ocean around the Great Circle Route was at a peak, serving immigration and the gold rushes at this time, and an increasing number of wrecks occurred throughout the colonies. Reliance upon celestial navigation methods in overcast conditions, a strong southerly drift and a failure to carry up-to-date charts all increased the likelihood of being wrecked on subantarctic shores.
There are eight confirmed wrecks at the Auckland Islands, one at Campbell and two at the Antipodes. Given the number of vessels that were lost in the Southern Ocean, it is likely that more were wrecked on these islands, but without survivors to tell the tales. For most of the wrecks, only very approximate locations are known. The locations of the Grafton, Anjou, Derry Castle, and Dundonald at the Auckland Islands, and the Spirit of the Dawn and President Felix Faure at Antipodes Island can all be estimated with some certainty from historical records, but no underwater archaeological survey has been undertaken. Survey in these environments is extremely difficult and expensive, and the only investigations have been undertaken in association with attempted salvage operations searching for the reputed cargo of gold on the General Grant at the Auckland Islands.
In addition to the wrecks themselves, a number of sites associated with the activities of shipwreck survivors remain in the coastal marine environment area and coastal environment. These include the boat run at the Grafton wreck site and the campsite of the Anjou survivors in Carnley Harbour, Auckland Islands; and the Derry Castle grave site on Enderby Island. Other survivor campsites are also in close proximity to the shore, as it was vital to survival to attract the attention of any passing ships.
Government relief for shipwreck victims from the 1860s until the 1920s took the form of the release of live animals and planting of vegetable crops; the provision of dried foods, clothes and equipment; the construction of depots to house provisions and provide limited shelter; the construction of castaway boatsheds and boats to provide transport to depots; and the installation of fingerposts to guide the way. Most boatsheds were located at the very edge of the tide to enable easy launching of the boats. Archaeological remains associated with
11Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
the boatsheds on Adams, Ewing, Rose and Disappointment Islands, and at Camp Cove in the Auckland Islands group are all in the coastal environment, and some spill over into the coastal marine area. They largely consist of foundation timbers, rusted iron fragments and boat runs. The depots and fingerposts that remain are also located very close to the shore.
The need to monitor for enemy shipping during World War II provided the next opportunity for scientists to spend time in the Subantarctic Islands, and has also left a range of historical buildings and archaeological features. Many of these are again in the coastal environment, but only a small handful of them span into the coastal marine area, such as the wharf piles at the base in Ranui Cove at the Auckland Islands. Coastwatching in the Subantarctic was initiated because of concerns about enemy ships using the islands for shelter. The only record of the islands being used in this way is by a German vessel called the Erlangen, which spent around 2 months in Carnley Harbour collecting firewood. Stone arrangements used as jetties during this stay can be seen at low tide, and it is possible that additional features lie unrecorded below the low tide mark.
Current use values
Given the remote location, challenging environmental conditions and national nature reserve status of the islands themselves, the current uses of the Subantartic Islands are limited to:
Conservation management •Scientific research and monitoring •Tourism •Fishing •Wreck exploration and salvage •
It should also be noted that the distinction between conservation management and scientific research and monitoring is an arbitrary one: conservation work includes both management and research, and research can be for conservation purposes.
Conservation management on the Subantarctic Islands
The Department of Conservation manages the islands themselves, on behalf of the Government and the people of New Zealand, via the Conservation Management Strategy for the Subantarctic Islands 1998 to 20084 (the CMS). Every year, scientific and conservation management expeditions visit the Subantarctic Islands either to work with the flora and fauna or to maintain facilities and historic sites.
The marine environment of Auckland Islands is both a marine reserve and a marine mammal sanctuary under the Marine Reserves Act 1971 and the Marine Mammals Protection Act 1978, to the outer limits of the territorial sea5.
A priority for management is the eradication of animal and plant pests, and the re-introduction of species lost in the past. The Campbell Island snipe and teal are both successful recovery stories following successful rat eradication.
4 The Conservation Management Strategy for the Subantarctic Islands was due to be reviewed in 2008; however, the timeframe has been extended out to 2012.
5 Note the Marine Protected Area Forum for the Southern Ocean has resulted in a decision by Ministers to create more marine reserves around Bounty, Campbell and Antipodes Islands and further fisheries restrictions. For further information, refer the Integrated management section of the plan.
12 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Scientific research in the Subantarctic Islands
Southland Conservancy prepared the Subantarctic Islands Research Strategy6 in September 2003 as a guide to applicants who want to undertake research in the subantarctic region and to assist the Department of Conservation’s assessment of the proposals. Four research themes are described:
Natural ecosystems (including ocean dynamics, food webs and foraging behaviour); •Effects of introduced biota; •Human impacts; and •Non-biological sciences (geology, climatology, oceanography, atmospheric research). •
The Research Strategy lists several study topics under each theme (refer section four of the Strategy).
Research projects require a research and collection permit, which can range from a few days to up to 5 years, and an entry permit for each trip to the islands. As with all visitors to the islands, researchers must comply with a minimum impact code and quarantine requirements.
The Metservice has automated weather stations on Campbell Island/Motu Ihupuku and Enderby Island.
Tourism
The Subantarctic Islands have attracted visitors since 1788, when William Bligh mapped the Bounty Islands. Throughout the 1900s there were various visits to the islands from tourists en route to the Ross Sea area of Antarctica. But interest in the Subantarctic Islands as a destination themselves soon grew. The first New Zealand based tours were initiated in 1988, operating out of Dunedin and Bluff. The number and frequency of tours has grown since then.
There has been a major growth in tourism demand over the last 5 years, compared with the previous 20 years. The remoteness of these rugged, windswept islands, set amongst some of the wildest oceans in the world, combined with superb wildlife viewing opportunities make these islands key attractions for ecotourists, or tourists seeking remote destinations with a focus on nature tourism.
The Department believes there has been a growth in tourism interest in the Subantarctic Islands over the last 5 years, compared to the previous 20 years. This is from both small-scale eco-tourist operators (mostly small to medium sized vessels carrying up to 150 passengers) and the large cruise ships carrying 2000 plus passengers. Cruise New Zealand (representative of 95% of cruise ships visiting NZ) generally deters the large cruise ships from attempting to go too close or visit the southern Islands, and instead suggest they steam offshore of the Snares Islands on dawn or dusk to watch the titi (sooty shear water) leaving or returning in their millions, from food foraging, and then to carry on to other mainland destinations.
The remoteness of these rugged windswept islands, set amongst some of the wildest oceans in the world, combined with superb wildlife viewing opportunities make these islands key attractions for eco-tourists or tourists seeking remote destinations with a focus on nature tourism. However, the wild oceans, remoteness and associated operational requirements make the islands a challenging environment to visit. As noted above, subantarctic tourism, offering an ecotourism experience, has mostly been limited to small to medium-sized vessels carrying up to 150 passengers to date. The current trend for visits from the smaller
6 West, C.J. 2003: New Zealand Subantarctic Islands Research Strategy. Department of Conservation, Invercargill.
13Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
ecotourist operators seems to be in decline. This could be for a variety of reasons, such as world economic conditions or changes to the requirements to be met by ships as required by international maritime regulations. There has, however, been sustained tourism by one ecotourist operator over the last 25 years.
Tourists are not permitted to land on Snares Islands/Tini Heke, Bounty, Antipodes or the other Auckland Islands (other than Enderby and the main island) because of their highly vulnerable nature. However, tourist vessels will sometimes let visitors view the islands from the sea and may let tourists get closer to the islands using inflatable dinghies (or zodiacs). This activity is known as ‘zodiac cruising’, where a cruise ship anchors or steams off the islands and passengers observe the islands’ seabirds and marine mammals closer to shore from zodiacs rather than actually landing on the islands. This allows passengers to experience the marine life, still obtaining a wilderness and wildlife experience, without actually landing on the islands. This activity is most common at the Snares Islands/Tini Heke since they are close to the route between the New Zealand mainland and the Auckland Islands.
Yachts will visit the islands on occasion. As noted above, tourists are not permitted to land on Snares Islands/Tini Heke, Bounty, Antipodes or the other Auckland Islands. Landing on the main Auckland, Enderby Island or Campbell Island requires an entry permit.
Fishing
Commercial fishing in the Southern Ocean is a major industry. Customary and recreational fishing, however, is uncommon because of the remoteness and extreme weather conditions, and a lack of suitable fish species—just the occasional fishing visits by small boats.
There are limitations on commercial fishing within the territorial sea, including:
Fisheries Regulations prohibit all • vessels trawlers greater than 46 metres and any foreign charter vessels from fishing in the territorial sea.Benthic Protection Areas established by Fisheries Regulations prohibit bottom •trawling and dredging within the territorial seas of the Bounty, Campbell and Antipodes Islands.The territorial sea of the Auckland Islands is both a marine reserve and a Marine •Mammal Sanctuary out to 12 nautical miles7.
Within these constraints, the bulk of the fishing activity within the territorial sea is bottom longlining for ling around the Bounty Islands. Ling is primarily a bottom-dwelling, eel-like species occurring mainly at a depth of 200 to 700 metres over the Campbell and Bounty Plateaus. Deep sea bottom longline fishing for ling occurs can occur at any time of the year but is most likely to happen between August and December around the Snares Islands/Tini Heke and Bounty Islands. This targets the spawning concentrations in spring.
There is a small rock lobster fishery around the Snares Islands/Tini Heke. There is also potential for a deep sea crab fishery to develop; however, it is largely experimental at this stage off Campbell Island, with quota allocated under the quota management system (QMS).
Although there is a marine reserve around all the Auckland Islands out to 12 nautical miles, and as such fishing is prohibited, there is significant fishing effort in the waters immediately outside this zone. This is primarily bottom trawling for scampi. These vessels tend to be
7 Note the Marine Protected Area Forum for the Southern Ocean resulted in a decision by the Ministers of Fisheries and Conservation to create marine reserves around Bounty, Campbell and Antipodes Islands and further fisheries restrictions. Refer to the ‘Integrated management’ section of the plan for further details.
14 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
less than 25 45 metres in length—smaller than most other commercial fishing vessels in the southern ocean. Although the fishery is beyond the territorial sea boundary, there is a history of these scampi vessels regularly coming close into shore within the territorial sea of Auckland Island for shelter during rough weather, which in winter can be up to 3 to 4 weeks at a time. Fishing vessels of all sizes up to 105 metres in length may seek shelter near the coast of Auckland and Campbell Islands in severe weather systems.
Wreck exploration and salvage
There have been expeditions to hunt for shipswrecks in the past. In particular there is considerable interest in searching for the General Grant off the main Auckland Island. Although the Auckland Islands are a marine reserve out to 12 nautical miles, there is express provision in the Marine Reserve (Auckland Islands – Motu Maha) Order 2003 to allow for continued exploration for the General Grant. To do so, however, requires the approval of the Director-General of Conservation, as well as authorisation from the Historic Places Trust and a coastal permit under this plan.
Values of the Kermadec Islands
The Kermadec Ridge is an active volcanic arc with a string of volcanoes along its entire length. The Kermadec Islands are the summits of these volcanoes, rising from a sub-oceanic ridge that extends from New Zealand to Tonga. The islands themselves are relatively young with a terrestrial history of no more than two million years, which is reflected in the low levels of faunal and floral endemism.
The islands are made up of four groups of islands extending 240 kilometres along the western ridge of the Kermadec Trench. Raoul Island and the Herald Islets form the northernmost group of islands, and L’Esperance Rock is the southernmost island. Macauley, Curtis, Cheeseman and Haszard Islands lie between Raoul and L’Esperance Rock (refer to Fig. 1 in the jurisdiction section).
The Kermadec Islands Marine Reserve is the largest no-take marine reserve in the world The Kermadec Islands Marine Reserve is the largest no-take marine reserve in New Zealand waters. Covering 748,000 hectares, it surrounds the entire coastal marine area of the island group. Lying between latitude 29oS and 32oS, the coastal marine area is New Zealand’s only subtropical marine habitat. The islands were sufficiently far away from the mainland to escape heavy fishing pressure before being declared a marine reserve in 1990, so are thought to be one of the world’s most unmodified marine habitats.
The Kermadec Islands are biogeographically isolated and surrounded by vast expanses of low-nutrient oceanic waters. The islands have a high degree of endemism within the shallow-water fauna. The giant Kermadec limpet (Patella kermadecensis) is an endemic, mid-intertidal herbivore that is highly significant in influencing intertidal ecology.
The reef communities reflect a transition between tropical and temperate reefs, and are characterised by a distinctive mix of endemic, tropical, subtropical and temperate species. Rock faces and boulders are covered in a blend of short, turf-forming algae and hard and soft corals. Dense kelp forests found elsewhere in New Zealand are absent. The Kermadec region is the only place in New Zealand where hermatypic (reef-building) corals are found in subtidal areas. Water temperatures are too low for reefs to develop, but individual coral colonies up to 2.4 metres in diameter are common. Further out, the continental slope is steep and narrow comprising extensive areas of fine sand and mud slopes.
15Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Many of the plants and animals are wide-ranging tropical species that occur throughout the Indian and western Pacific Oceans. Few are common and populations of these species are probably replenished by larvae from Norfolk Island or even the Australian Great Barrier Reef, making their presence precarious. Species diversity is relatively low in many plant and animal groups due to the geographical isolation and the lack of some habitat types such as sheltered bays, fringing reefs, lagoons and estuaries. Through the Kermadec chain there is latitudinal variation in the presence and abundance of some groups, and tropical species decline in diversity and abundance southwards, whereas temperate species decline northwards. Overall, the flora and fauna are more similar to that of Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands. Endemic fauna includes one coral, six fish and 68 molluscs. There is insufficient information about other animal groups at the Kermadecs to determine their degree of endemism.
Species of significance in the Kermadec Islands coastal marine area include:More than 165 species of algae. •17 species of reef corals and 7 soft coral species. The Kermadecs is the only place in •New Zealand where reef-building corals are found in subtidal areas. Although water temperatures are too low for reefs to develop, individual corals can grow up to 2.4 metres in diameter. Herbivorous fish, a distinctive feature of Kermadec reefs, including the caramel •drummer (Girella fimbriata), Kermadec scalyfin (Parma kermadecensis) and Kermadec triplefin (Enneapterygius kermadecensis). The only major unexploited population of spotted black grouper ( • Epinephelus daemelii) in the world. These fish grow up to 2 metres long and play a major role in reef dynamics, probably feeding on large crustaceans and fish.
Seabirds
The Kermadec Islands form a seabird refuge of major international importance. Most recent estimates place the total Kermadec seabird population at 10–15 million seabirds8. Seabirds breed on the islands but spend most of their lives at sea: a seamless activity from land to air to sea. All seabirds utilise the coastal marine area, and birds are an integral part of the natural character of the islands.
Thirty-five bird species are known on the islands, five of which are found nowhere else in the world. Most Kermadec seabirds are tropical or sub-tropical taxa, a major point of difference with the rest of New Zealand’s seabird fauna (Gaskin 2009). Significant species include ‘tropical’ birds such as the red-tailed tropic bird, the masked booby, two species of noddy, terns and the grey ternlet.
The Kermadec Islands are the key breeding site for a number of New Zealand’s endemic seabirds, including the white-naped petrel, Kermadec little shearwater, Kermadec storm petrel and New Zealand sooty tern, and hold the world’ largest population of black-winged petrels (Gaskin 2009). Furthermore, 99.9% of the world’s population of black-winged petrels breed on Macauley Island.
Kermadec waters are also utilised by seabirds that breed outside the region. To date, 40 seabird taxa have been recorded for the Kermadec region and in seas north and northeast of the New Zealand mainland. Of these, six are tropical seabirds and the remainder are southern-breeding seabirds (Gaskin 2009).
8 Gaskin, C. 2009: Terrestrial marine linkages for Kermadec Islands coastal marine area – avifauna section. Prepared for the Aquatic and Threats Unit, Department of Conservation, Wellington.
16 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Cetaceans in the Kermadec region
Seven cetacean species (bottlenose dolphin, killer whale and five great whales) have been recorded from the Kermadec Islands. Of these the blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) is only known from a single stranded specimen. A further 28 species may be present based upon extrapolation from their known ranges.
Very little scientific research has been conducted on the cetaceans inhabiting the Kermadec archipelago however a considerable amount of information on commercially hunted species is contained in American whaling log books and journals9. The Kermadec Islands and surrounding waters were one of three main locations for hunting sperm whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in the New Zealand region, beginning in 1792 and continuing into the 1880s. Sperm whales are thought to aggregate in the region to feed on squid and although present throughout the year whaling data indicate they are most abundant from January to May, with numbers peaking in May as individuals and groups migrate through the region to tropical waters further north9.
Although whaling vessels took very few humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) around the Kermadec Islands, the region is an important migratory corridor for the endangered Oceania subpopulation10, 11 (Constantine et al. 2010; Garrigue et al. 2010). These whales feed in Antarctic areas V and VI and migrate south through the Kermadec archipelago from September to November10, 12, 13,14, 15. DOC staff counted 112 humpback whales (3.2% of the estimated Oceania population) in the coastal waters of Raoul Island on one day during the peak of the migration in October 200910. While satellite tagging has shown that some New Caledonian humpback whales migrate through the Kermadecs it is not known where the bulk of them come from, however it is likely they include whales originating from Fiji, Tonga, Niue and French Polynesia10, 11, 16. Humpback whales probably do not feed in the waters around the Kermadec Islands but cows and calves have been observed lingering in Denham Bay, Raoul Island, suggesting the islands may function as a relatively sheltered stop-over allowing cows with dependent calves to rest before continuing on to Antarctica.
The only resident or semi-resident species in the waters surrounding the islands is a small form of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops cf. truncatus). The relatively small size of the Kermadec dolphins is unusual for bottlenose dolphins inhabiting oceanic habitats and suggests they may be genetically distinct. They probably feed on a variety of small benthic and pelagic fishes and squids. Anecdotal observations of staff stationed on Raoul Island suggest a seasonal habitat shift, possibly to offshore waters or another part of the ridge, with sightings of dolphins being less frequent around the island during winter. Population size and connectivity are unknown, as are all other aspects of this species’ biology.
There has been no systematic survey of cetaceans occurring on the north Kermadec Ridge, including the coastal waters of the Kermadec Islands.
9 Richards, R. 2010: Towards and estimate of whale stocks in Kermadec waters before sail whaling began. Pp. 85–88 in Deep: talks and thoughts celebrating diversity in New Zealand’s untouched Kermadecs. Pew Environment Group.
10 Constantine, R., Garrigue, C., Baird, K. 2010: The Kermadec Islands and the endangered humpback whales of Oceania. Pp. 89–91 in Deep: talks and thoughts celebrating diversity in New Zealand’s untouched Kermadecs. Pew Environment Group.
11 Garrigue, C., Zerbini, A.N., Geyer, Y., Heide-Jorgensen, M., Hanaoka, W. and Clapham, P. 2010: Movements of satellite-monitored humpback whales from New Caledonia. Journal of Mammalogy, 91(1): 109–115.
12 Chilton, C. 1911: The crustacea of the Kermadec Islands. Transactions of the New Zealand Institute 43: 544–573.13 Morton, E. K. 1957: Crusoes of Sunday Island. G. Bell & Sons Ltd., London. 189 p.14 Gaskin, D. E. 1968: The New Zealand Cetacea. Fisheries Research Bulletin No. 1 (New Series). Fisheries Research Division, New
Zealand Marine Department, Wellington. 92 p.15 Gaskin, D.E. 1973: Sperm whales in the western South Pacific. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 7(1&2):
1–20.16 Garrigue, C.; Aguayo, A.; Amante-Helweg, V.L.U.; Baker, C.S.; Caballero, S.; Clapham, P.; Constantine, R.; Denkinger, J.;
Donoghue, M.; Flórez-González, L.; Greaves, J.; Hauser, N.; Olavarría, C.; Pairoa, C.; Peckham, H.; Poole, M. 2002: Movements of humpback whales in Oceania, South Pacific. Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 4(3): 255–260.
17Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Cultural and historic heritage in the Kermadec Islands Polynesian settlement
Polynesians were the first to discover and settle in the Kermadecs. Radiocarbon dates from archaeological deposits at Low Flat on the northern coast of Raoul Island suggest that the island was first settled during the late 13th or early 14th centuries AD. The settlement appears to have been of relatively short duration, as acceptable dates from both above and below the intermediary ash and pumice layer fall within a narrow age range. The presence of Pacific rat (Rattus exulans) and possible artefact finds at Sandy Bay on Macauley Island suggest it was also visited by Polynesians, but Macaulay’s lack of fresh water, and a failure to report any more conclusive archaeological deposits, suggest it was unlikely to have been occupied for any significant length of time. The presence of obsidian from Mayor Island (Tuhua), found on Raoul Island during 1978 archaeological excavations, confirms that Raoul was visited on a return voyage from New Zealand, although this does not preclude settlement from the tropical Pacific. Interestingly, in spite of its poor flaking attributes making it a low-quality raw material for flake tools, Raoul Island obsidian has been reported in archaeological context on Norfolk Island, which suggests that the people who visited in prehistory were actively exploring the subtropical latitudes of the Pacific. Botanical remnants associated with the Polynesian settlement most notably include the candlenut (Aleurites moluccana), cabbage tree (Cordyline fruticosa), karaka (Corynocarpus laevigatus) and taro (Colocasia esculenta).
The Kurahaupō is one of the principal waka from which the iwi of Te Aupōuri descend. Oral tradition as told by Te Aupōuri kaumātua and kuia is that on its way to Aotearoa the lashings of Kurahaupō were loosened and the canoe damaged, and the vessel was nearly wrecked at Rangitāhua (Kermadec Islands). Most of the crew were later brought on to Aotearoa by the larger Aotea and Mataatua canoe, but a few of the crew remained at Rangitāhua where they repaired the Kurahaupō before continuing their journey to Aotearoa. After much hardship those who had remained at Rangitāhua made landfall and the circumstances of that event are well ingrained in oral tradition. The captain of the Kurahaupō from Rangitāhua to Aotearoa was a man named Pōhurihanga. On arrival in Aotearoa Pōhurihanga married a woman named Maieke. Their descendents include well known ancestors like Tōhē and Te Kura who are in turn tupuna of Te Ikanui and his wives, Tihe and Kohine, from whom the iwi of Te Aupōuri descend.
Many of the traditional accounts of the settlement of New Zealand refer to Raoul Island. Unfortunately, these accounts appear to have been influenced by early 20th century ‘ethnographic conjecture’, namely the equating of the island with the Rangitahua of Māori Pacific voyaging tradition. Lieutenant Colonel Gudgeon first made the case for equating Raoul Island with Rangitahua in 1903. It was on that basis that the Kermadecs were known as Rangitahua in the Cook Islands, and on the basis of his acceptance of the belief that the karaka had been introduced from Raoul to New Zealand. Sir George Grey’s account of ‘The emigration of Turi’ published in 1854 in Polyneasian Mythology had referred to the Aotea stopping for repairs at Rangitahua, and S. Percy-Smith’s translation of Tautahi’s Ko Aotea Waka referred to the introduction of karaka from a place known as Rangitahua, but neither equated this place with Raoul Island. Gudgeon’s assertion was compounded by the later works of Elsdon Best and Sir Peter Buck, who appear to have accepted Gudgeon’s belief that Raoul Island was the Rangitahua in Māori traditions. A fuller account of earlier ethnographic speculation is contained in Leigh Johnson’s In the Midst of a Prodigious Ocean17.
17 Johnson, L. 1995: In the midst of a prodigious ocean. Archaelogical investigations of Polynesian settlement of the Kermadec Islands. Auckland Conservancy Historic Resource Series II. Department of Conservation, Auckland, New Zealand.
18 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
European discovery
European discovery of Raoul Island occurred on three separate occasions. The first of these was Captain Sever’s visit to the Kermadecs aboard the convict transport Lady Penrhyn in 1788. After discovering Curtis and Macauley on 31 May and 1 June, respectively, the surgeon’s diary of 2 June reports sighting ‘land of a very considerable extent’ to the north of Macauley. However, as the island was windward of the Lady Penrhyn, which was bound for Tahiti, it was decided not to make the detour. The French explorer D’Entrecasteaux in command of the vessels Recherche and Esperance was the next to sight Raoul in 1793. Unaware of Sever’s sighting, D’Entrecasteaux claimed discovery of Raoul and named the island chain Kermadecs after the captain of the Recherche. Raoul is believed to have been named after the quarter-master Joseph Raoul. The third European discovery of Raoul was made by Captain Raven of the Brittania. While aware of Sever’s discovery of Macaulay, Raven was not aware of his discovery of Raoul, or its subsequent discovery and naming by D’Entrecasteaux. Raven accordingly gave his discovery the well-considered name Sunday Island on the basis that he visited it that particular day of the week.
Whaling
French and American whaling vessels frequented the Kermadec Islands during the 19th century, and the waters around the Kermadec Islands were commonly known as the French Rock whaling grounds. A study of the logs of over 1600 American whaling vessels documented the catches of sperm and southern right whales, and in doing so demonstrated that the Kermadecs were a significant whaling ground, both as a point where concentrations of sperm whales were found to be at their greatest, and as an area that could be exploited twice a year. At its height in the 1830s, up to 30 vessels might be seen in a single day in the vicinity of L’Esperance Rock. The whaling fleet was predominantly ship-based, but Raoul was exploited as a source of fresh water and of wood to fuel the fires for trying whales at sea. The discovery of a whalers’ try pot on the beach at Denham Bay, recalled by Alf Bacon, is not inconsistent with this activity, but remains unsubstantiated. It was during this period that goats and pigs were liberated on Raoul and Macauley to establish a population that might provide a source of fresh meat for whalers.
European settlement
It was also during the 19th century that the first attempts by Europeans were made to settle on Raoul Island. The first of these appears to have been by James Reed, his family and deserters from the whaling vessel Cheviot, who established a settlement at Denham Bay from 1836. Reed established cultivations and on occasion was able to supply provision to visiting ships until his departure from the island in 1845. Other early settlements were made by the Bakers (1837–48); Vincennes (1840s); Halsteads (c. 1840–63); Cooks (1851–53); Peters (1840s–63); Coverts (c. 1857–70); and Johnsons (c. 1957–60s). The most enduring settlement was that of the Bell family, who lived both at Denham Bay and Low Flat between 1878 and 1914. The Bells were an industrious family and established plantations of a wide variety of produce including taro, yams, kumara, beans, maize, oranges, lemons, limes, citrons, shaddocks, cherimoya, pawpaw, bananas, guavas, sugar cane, peanuts, figs, grapes, tobacco, tea and coffee, as well as ‘ordinary vegetables’ besides. Bell had employed Niuean labourers for a limited time in the 1880s to help clear bush and speed his cultivations.
Slave traffic
In March 1863, Denham Bay was visited by the Portuguese slave ship Rosa Y Carmen. On board were 271 Pacific Islanders, captured for indentured labour in Peruvian plantations. While at sea, infectious disease spread on board the ship and ravaged the captured islanders. Captain Marutani put into Denham Bay to allow the islanders to recover. By the time he departed, over 150 of the islanders had died as a result of an infectious disease, including the settler Halstead and his son, who were resident in Denham Bay at the time.
19Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Annexation
Raoul Island was first charted for the British Admiralty by Captain Denham of the Herald in 1854. Denham’s son Fleetwood fell ill and died during this expedition, and was subsequently buried above the beach at Denham Bay. The first annexation of Raoul occurred in July 1886 when Captain Clayton of the HMS Diamond erected a flagstaff with a proclamation of sovereignty attached at the northern end of Denham Bay. The first the Bells knew of this was when they came across the flagstaff some time after the departure of Clayton. The New Zealand Government annexed the Kermadecs the following year in August 1887. Disregarding the protests of Thomas Bell, the island was subsequently divided into lease runs to be disposed of at auction from 1889. Thomas Bell was awarded title to 275 acres on the northern side of the island. Two of the runs were leased by Hovell and Ellisore, who established the Kermadec Islands Fruit and Produce Association settlement. Members arrived in late 1889 but soon found that the picture painted of their new home in New Zealand did not match up with the reality of Denham Bay. Half of the new settlers returned within 6 months of their arrival; among those who stayed were the Hovells, Robsons and Carvers.
Following on from the departure of the Bells and World War I, the war several other attempts were made to settle the island. Alf Bacon, Charles Parker and Jim Ashworth settled briefly on the island from 1926, but left following the death of Parker in 1927. Bacon was involved in a subsequent settlement from 1929 as part of a syndicate known as the Sunday Island Settlement Association. Bacon’s third and final attempt at settlement was in 1935 with Bruce Robertson.
Castaway depots
Following the annexation, castaway depots were established on Macauley Island, Curtis Island and L’Esperance Rock. The Macauley depot was sited above the Lava Cascade, and the Curtis depot near the landing in McDonald’s Cove. Two goats were also liberated on the top of Curtis as a fresh food source for castaways. These were serviced on an annual basis, but appear never to have been required by legitimate shipwreck survivors. The L’Esperance depot itself was wrecked within a year of being established and a pragmatic decision was made not to replace it. The Curtis Island castaway depot was raided in 1917 by the German naval captain Count Felix Von Luckner, following his escape from Motuihe Island.
WWI
During World War I, Raoul Island was briefly used as a haven by Captain Nerger and the crew of the German commerce raider Wolf. Forced to seek a temporary anchorage to suppress a fire in the coal hold, Nerger anchored the Wolf off Sunshine Cove in May 1917.
While repairs were being affected to the damaged boilers, Nerger was fortunate enough to encounter the cargo steamer Wairuna en route from Auckland to San Francisco with stores on board including 1500 tons of coal, fresh produce and 42 live sheep. On account of the recent fire, the Wolf was hardly in a state to give chase, but despite this Nerger dispatched his sea plane Wolfchen to order the captain of the Wairuna to surrender his vessel or be bombed. Captain Saunders of the Wairuna complied with this request, and the steamer was taken back to Raoul so that the much-needed supplies could be transferred to the raider. On 16 June, Saunders and his crew were taken on board the Wolf and the Wairuna was taken out to sea to be scuttled.
On leaving Raoul, the four-masted schooner Winslow was sighted, destined for Samoa. Nerger ordered the Wolfchen up to order the surrender of the schooner, which was also captured and taken back to Raoul. While the supplies from the Winslow were being transferred to the Wolf, the Wairuna was towed out a second time to be scuttled. The Winslow was towed out to sea to be scuttled 5 days later and was eventually left burning and drifting towards the shore as the Wolf continued on its way to New Zealand to lay mines off North Cape.
20 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Meteorological station
During the 1930s, remote islands such as Midway and Wake Islands in the north Pacific were being developed for long-distance ocean air services. Raoul’s topography and exposed coasts made it unsuitable for this purpose, so it was decided to reserve the island only for meteorological and aeradio facilities. Meteorological records were first kept on Raoul by the Carver family from 1889, and subsequently during Oliver’s 9-month scientific expedition in 1908. A meteorological station was first established in 1937 and data were conveyed by radio for aviation and south Pacific meteorological services. In August 1939, a second expedition left Auckland in the auxiliary ketch Miena to establish a more permanent meteorological facility. Landing facilities were established at Fishing Rock in 1939 and at Boat Cove in 1940. The first buildings to be erected were the hostel, hospital and store, and a series of six single-accommodation huts were located to the east of the hostel in the location of the present-day annex building. The new complex was largely completed by 1940, and a further grant of funding allowed for the construction of the meteorological station office. At the same time, 100 acres of oranges were planted behind the hostel intended to supply the New Zealand market. A 30-acre farm was established to the west of the station to provide the meteorological station staff with fresh produce.
WWII
From 1942 to 1945, a coastwatchers station was maintained on Raoul, no doubt anxious to avoid a repeat of the losses to allied shipping sustained there during WWI. By 1940, there were 62 coastwatching stations around New Zealand, and towards the end of the war stations had been established on Norfolk Island, the Chathams, and the subantartic Auckland and Campbell Islands. Despite these precautions, the German commerce raiders Orion and Komet used the southern end of the Kermadecs as a rendezvous after sinking the Rangitane in 1940, and Japanese submarines operated in the Kermadecs without success.
Heritage in the coastal marine area
Historic heritage in the CMA is limited to the shipwrecks and vessels scuttled during WWI. As no shipwrecks are known to have occurred in the Kermadecs prior to 1900, these wrecks are not protected under the archaeological provisions of the Historic Places Act, but several do have significant heritage values, most notably the Wairuna (1904–17) and the Winslow (1899–1917), due to their WWI association. Losses to New Zealand coastal shipping were limited due to the fact that German raiders seldom had opportunity to venture into the south Pacific. The rarity of such losses, combined with the fact that the locations for many remain unknown, elevates the potential significance of the Winslow and Wairuna. Reports of divers relocating the Wairuna have been published in Sid Marsh’s book Divers Tales, but the location of the vessel remains undisclosed.
Of the remaining wrecks, the barque Malmen (1892–1902) and the schooner Petrel (1898–1935) are also potentially archaeologically significant as vessels of 19th century construction, but on the basis of available information the chances of these vessels being located are remote. They are noted as ‘lost off’ and ‘wrecked near’ the Kermadecs, suggesting their loss some distance out to sea. The wreck of the MV Picton (1917–78) in Sunshine Cove is interesting in that timbers bearing the official number are still visible on the foreshore.
The remaining wrecks have interesting stories but are of limited archaeological value or historic consequence. The Columbia River (1916–21) has been blamed for the introduction of Norway rats and cats on Raoul. Wrecks for which locations can be reliably confirmed include the remains of the yacht Shiner below the landing platform at Boat Cove, the yacht Salano near Hutchinsons Bluff, and the Japanese trawler Kinei Maru (1980–86), which dominates the beach at Denham Bay. The no-take provisions of the marine reserve and
21Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
nature reserve, while not intended for the benefit of historic heritage, probably have the indirect benefit of ensuring that these wrecks and those that are yet to be rediscovered remain undisturbed and able to be appreciated by those fortunate enough to visit the islands.
Current use values Conservation and restoration
The Department of Conservation has a permanent base on Raoul Island. The major work being undertaken on Raoul is the restoration of the island’s ecosystem. The Department also undertakes a contract for the Metservice, which involves the releasing of a daily weather balloon. The Department changes permanent staff every 12 months and volunteers every 3–6 months.
All mammalian pests have been eradicated from Raoul Island. Goats were eradicated from Raoul Island in 1984 by the Forest Service, rats in 2002 and cats in 2004. The Department of Conservation undertook an operation to rid Macauley of rats in 2006, the success of which has yet to be confirmed.
Fishing Rock landing was originally established in 1939 for the meterological station and is still the main location for landing personnel and supplies by tender today. The landing is located close to a dangerous rocky surf beach. In good conditions, the landings can be easy, but at any time it is easy to slip and risk injury or, at worst, be crushed between the boat and rocks, as the large swell leaves little room for boats to manoeuvre.
The Boat Cove landing was constructed in 1940, and the landing and wall, like that of Fishing Rock, have significant historic values. The Boat Cove landing is not currently useable as both temporary wooden bridges have been destroyed and there is no access to the landing platform. However, the site does provide an alternative landing to Fishing Rock when weather conditions make the latter site unusable.
Research
Research to date has focussed on the marine area of depths of about 2500 metres, particularly in the vicinity of active hydrothermal venting and seamounts18. There has not been limited a lot of scientific research undertaken at depths below of less than 100 metres, even though such depths can be close to the islands because of the steepness of the island structures.
As the coastal marine area of the Kermadec Islands has been subjected to a very low level of human-induced disturbance, the islands provide researchers with a unique opportunity to assess a subtropical marine ecosystem with a relatively high level of naturalness.
Future research is needed to document the biodiversity of coastal marine areas of the islands. Considering the sensitivity of some of the habitats in the region, particularly hydrothermal vents, non-destructive sampling techniques should be used where possible; that is, seabed imagery, obtained by towed cameras, submersibles and ROVs, should be considered the primary means by which to determine the composition of seabed assemblages. Direct sampling will be necessary to determine the identity of some species and to collect material for genetic and microbial studies, but this should be kept to a minimum in the vicinity of hydrothermal vents.
18 Beaumont, J.; Rowden, A.A.; Clark, M.R. in press: Deepwater biodiversity of the Kermadec Islands Coastal Marine Area. Science for Conservation Series, Department of Conservation, Wellington.
22 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Being volcanically active, there are a number of sensors on the islands and GNS Science has recently installed tsunami monitoring equipment on Fishing Rock.
Archaeological research to date has been limited to non-systematic survey and has focussed on seeking an understanding of a small number of sites. No archaeological research has been undertaken since the 1990s. However, future research is needed to gain a better understanding of the role the Kermadecs played in settlement within the Pacific zone and when this occurred. This is particularly pertinent given the vulnerability of archaeological sites in the active coastal zone.
Tourism
Given the islands’ isolation and difficult landings, they represent a fairly limited niche tourism market—mainly centred on wildlife and diving. Raoul Island is the only island in the group on which recreational tourists are able to land. Yachts that wish to land on Raoul Island must obtain a landing an entry permit, which is countersigned by Customs NZ before leaving New Zealand. If yachts turn up at Raoul from the Pacific without a permit, they are not legally allowed to stop at Raoul—customs regulations require that they make their way directly to a port in New Zealand to clear customs.
Ships and yachts present a biosecurity risk of introducing non-indigenous species via both hull fouling and pests that could be on board above the water line, particularly rodents. The introduction of a competitively dominant, sessile organism into the marine environment could result.
23Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Issues, objectives, policies and methods of implementation
Issue 1 Natural characterRecognise the significant natural character values of the coastal marine areas of the Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands and of the islands themselves, and ensure they are preserved, by restricting activities with the potential for adverse effects on natural character and minimising the risk of oil spills and biosecurity breaches.
The Subantarctic and Kermadec Islands have significant natural character values All of the Subantarctic and Kermadec Islands and their marine environments have significant natural character values—they are remote and unique, and have a high degree of endemism. In recognition of these values, the islands themselves (the land parts) are nature reserves, and the Subantarctic Islands are also national reserves, under the Reserves Act 1977, the highest form of protection under New Zealand statute. The Subantarctic Islands also have world heritage status out to 12 nautical miles. Accordingly, development is not considered appropriate, and use of the coastal marine area needs to be considered in light of its capacity to support activities without adversely affecting the natural character.
Natural character includes the natural processes, elements and patterns that are present in an area. Natural character can be considered as comprising both the ‘biophysical’ and the ‘experiential’ elements. Biophysical elements of the coast include elements such as geology, climate, and natural communities and ecosystems. Experiential values cover those that are experienced by humans, such as recreational or visual amenity, but also cultural and and/or historical elements.
The significant natural character values combined with the isolation of both the Kermadec and the Subantarctic Islands and the fact that access is predominantly by boat make the risks of biosecurity breaches and oil spills the largest threats to the islands and their coastal marine areas.
The planning boundary between the dry and wet parts of the islands is an arbitrary one for the ecosystems. For both groups of islands, the biota depends heavily on the coastal marine area. Each inter-connected land–sea ecosystem is crucial to the survival of a large number of endemic, threatened or endangered species.
Achieving the natural character objectives 1.1, 1.2 and 1.3 (below) is pivotal to achieving the purpose of the RMA for the islands—sustainable management of the natural and physical resources of the Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands. These are the overarching objectives of this plan and seek to preserve the significant natural character values of the islands whilst providing for the increasing interest in the use of the coastal waters of the islands.
Activities undertaken in the coastal marine area can give rise to adverse effects in three ways:Directly •Indirectly—by facilitating activities that then give rise to other adverse effects •(e.g. the presence of a vessel in a bay will create noise and light effects)Cumulatively—in conjunction with other similar or different activities in the area •(e.g. the presence of more than one vessel in a bay will increase the impact of noise and light)
These adverse effects can occur over both short and long timeframes. Individual activities by themselves may have a minimal impact, but the combined influence of all activities in any given area may give rise to adverse effects. The ability of areas to absorb or assimilate
24 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
use is limited, and at some point the intensity of use will give rise to unacceptable impacts. Natural character and amenity values of remote coastal marine areas are easily adversely affected by the number and types of activities that may occur there. A significant component of the ecotourist expeditions is the remoteness and wilderness values of the islands. Multiple vessels in a bay will diminish this value.
Natural character objectives
1.1 To preserve natural character. 1.2 To enable use that is consistent with the preservation of natural character. 1.3 To protect the indigenous biological diversity of the Kermadec and
Subantarctic Islands and their coastal marine areas by avoiding the adverse effects of activities on the all of the nationally significant indigenous community types flora and fauna communities present.
Natural character policies
A range of activities have the potential to affect natural character and exacerbate the risks of biosecurity breaches and oil spills. The policies to manage these risks and achieve the natural character objectives are grouped under the following sub-headings:
Maintenance of biodiversity and biosecurity •Control of surface water activities •Control of discharges of contaminants •Controls on structures, disturbance, deposition and reclamation •
Maintenance of biodiversity and biosecurity
Marine biodiversity refers to the variety of all biological life, including plants, animals and microorganisms, the genes they contain and the ecosystems in which they live in the marine environment. Many New Zealanders value our coastal waters and oceans in a non-material, spiritual way. Māori have a special affinity with the oceans, and this is recognised in the Treaty of Waitangi. Many New Zealand industries depend on biological resources and healthy ecosystems, such as New Zealand’s $1.2 billion a year commercial fishing industry19. As noted above in the values section of the plan, the Subantarctic Islands and their marine environment are valued for tourism, and commercial fishing in the Southern Ocean is a major industry.
Many of our native species are found nowhere else on earth. There is a high degree of endemism on all the island groups. The New Zealand sea lion is a prime example, with its principal breeding ground at the Auckland Islands. Huge numbers of seabirds also breed at the islands, a number of which are endemic to individual islands.
There is a strong interdependence between the terrestrial island habitats and the nearshore and offshore marine environments—the islands are vital for species such as marine mammals and seabirds that need to return to land to feed, breed and moult, etc.
There is broad scientific agreement that marine biodiversity is seriously threatened by human activities. According to the US Committee on Biological Diversity in Marine Systems20, the most serious threats to marine biodiversity are:
Fishing operations •Chemical pollution and eutrophication •Alteration of physical habitat by invasions of exotic species •Global climate change •
19 www.biodiversity.govt.nz/seas/biodiversity20 www.biodiversity.govt.nz/seas/biodiversity
25Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
The threat of biosecurity breach is a key issue. Introductions of exotic organisms, whether new to New Zealand or just new to the coastal marine areas of the islands, are a particular risk that needs to be carefully managed. The most common mechanisms of introduction of harmful marine organisms are ballast water discharges and attachments in of fouling on vessel hulls.
Introductions of harmful organisms to both the marine and terrestrial environments could change the structure of communities in both environments; for example, an introduced species could aggressively compete with indigenous species for habitat and food, causing changes in the food chain. If the new organism is an aggressive coloniser that out-competes existing indigenous species, its presence could result in their local extinction or extinction of a species. Alternatively, an An introduction of a harmful marine organism that grazes on marine vegetation could change or destroy habitat that is of importance as a nursery area for juvenile marine species.
Introductions of exotic flora and fauna into the coastal marine area can give rise to the following adverse effects, ultimately affecting natural character, life-supporting capacity and intrinsic value of ecosystems:
Predation on local resident indigenous fauna •Competition with indigenous fauna species for the same food supply •Loss of habitat of indigenous flora and fauna •Destruction of habitats, which can alter coastal processes and increase the risk of •erosionLoss of amenity and intrinsic values of ecosystems •Genetic pollution •Financial costs resulting from changes to the ecosystems and the values that are •important to the ecotourist/expedition cruise industry
For these reasons, it is necessary that the risk or potential for the introduction of new species to an area be strictly managed.
PolICIeS
To assess any applications for activities in the coastal marine area of the islands to 1. ensure they will not give rise to adverse effects on the natural and physical resources of the islands, including, but not limited to, indigenous flora and fauna and the life-supporting capacity of ecosystems.To maintain and protect biodiversity and the intrinsic values of ecosystems by 2. reducing the risk of introductions of harmful or invasive species from above the waterline of vessels, by requiring checks prior to departure for the islands to ensure vessels avoid introductions of harmful organisms, including, but not limited to:
Pest animals (particularly rodents and insects) •Exotic plants •Fouling of equipment that is used in the water but stored on deck •
To maintain and protect biodiversity and the intrinsic values of ecosystems by 3. reducing the risk of introductions of harmful or invasive species via hull fouling by restricting access inside 1000 metres from MHWS of the islands to those vessels that can:
Provide evidence of a dry dock cleaning and hull maintenance regime, •appropriate to the vessel and its operating environment, that is consistent with the specifications of the manufacturer of the anti-fouling system; and
26 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Demonstrate that they present a low risk of introducing organisms not native to •the islands by an in-water diver inspection and certification; orObtain a discretionary coastal permit—for which the application must include an •independent risk assessment by a qualified contractor.
To maintain records of inspections and samples taken from vessel hulls and niche 4. areas during inspections and/or risk assessments. If an operator opts to have a risk assessment of fouling on a vessel’s hull and niche 5. areas, to process the coastal permit application as expeditiously as possible and endeavour to process on a non-notified basis wherever possible.To provide for and encourage 6. appropriate research that builds knowledge and understanding of the intrinsic values of the ecosystems21.
oTheR MeThodS
1. The Department of Conservation will, in consultation with users of the coastal marine area of the islands, develop a guideline for the inspection of the dry parts of vessels to check for harmful organisms and how to deal appropriately with any found.
Control of surface water activities
Users of the surface waters of the islands include commercial fishing interests in the Subantarctic Islands—for passage, shelter, and fishing, tourists from both commercial ecotourist operators and cruise ships, scientists and other researchers, operational management staff, individuals involved in interpretation (i.e. photographers or documentary makers), and recreational yachts.
Both the Kermadec and the Subantarctic Islands are nature reserves (and the Subantarctics are also national nature reserves). As such, public access above mean low water springs is controlled under the Reserves Act 1977, within Conservation Management Strategies (CMS), and an entry permit is required to land on the islands.
Access to the coastal marine area is difficult given the isolation of the islands from mainland New Zealand, and is usually by boat—helicopter access is generally just for emergency evacuations. The policies and rules of this plan seek to provide for public access in a way that addresses the risk of oil spills and biosecurity breaches—and also in a way that protects and promotes the wilderness experience.
In the Subantarctic Islands, there is demand to increase the number of permits to land on the islands (as noted above, this is managed in the CMS under the Reserves Act 1977). There is also interest from tourist operators wanting to visit the Subantarctic Islands without landing but by viewing them from the water by zodiac (ancillary craft).
Surface water activities around the islands need to be managed to maintain a high quality environment that preserves natural character, including landscape and amenity values, and the preservation of the landscape and amenity and preserves remoteness and wilderness values. Some areas are more at risk than others. Those areas that have landing sites for those with entry permits and areas identified as preferred anchorages are likely to be more at risk, as are those harbours and bays that are suitable for sight-seeing tourist vessels exploring by zodiac. The sustainable management of the natural character, landscape and amenity values of the islands, including remoteness, requires some restrictions on activities, such as only one commercial tourist vessel visiting a bay or harbour in any one day.
The control of surface water activities is based on zones of access relative to vessel length. Vessel length is used as a broad brush proxy for numerous factors that can influence risk of oil spill and/or biosecurity breach, such as: vessel length; propulsion system; number,
21 For the Subantarctic Islands, there is a research strategy in place called ‘The New Zealand Subantarctic Islands Research Strategy 2003’ which identifies research priorities for those islands..
27Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
type and location of propellers; number, type and position of rudders; presence and power of bow and/or stern thrusters; windage of the vessel relative to its power; age of vessel; fuel type, duration of access etc. A provision that encompassed all of these factors would almost certainly be unworkably complex and hence the preference for the broad brush proxy of vessel length. The zone inside 300 metres from MHWS, as the closest to shore, is the zone of highest risk. The 300 metres is selected on the basis that is the generally accepted limit the Norwegian rat can swim. The rationale for the zones is that they attempt to provide an accepted level of risk for existing use as a permitted activity where possible, based on vessel length as a proxy for the numerous variables noted above that would contribute to a vessels risk assessment. The degree of risk is further exacerbated by the remoteness of the islands and the environmental conditions that would hamper any response efforts.
PolICIeS
To provide for public access to the coastal marine area of the islands, by vessels, in a 7. manner that addresses both the need for navigation safety, thereby reducing the risk of an incident resulting in an oil spill, and the associated risk of a biosecurity breach, by restricting vessel access close in to shore relative to vessel size.To avoid adverse effects on southern right whales when they are breeding and 8. nursing in Port Ross by restricting vessel access.To identify preferred anchorages as exceptions to the access restrictions to allow 9. for safe anchorage for vessels that need to be close in to shore for safe anchorage because of their size of an appropriate size. To avoid cumulative adverse effects on natural character values and the intrinsic 10. values of ecosystems by limiting the number of commercial tourist vessels within different parts of the coastal marine area of the Subantarctic Islands.To provide for vessels that facilitate monitoring, research and operational activities 11. in the coastal marine area of the Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands that will contribute to building knowledge of and support sustainable management of the coastal marine area islands.To provide for unrestricted public access to the surface waters of the coastal marine 12. area of the islands by ancillary craft.
oTheR MeThodS
2. The Department of Conservation will encourage operators of commercial tourist vessels to provide passage plans to the Department in advance, to allow early detection of any potential overlaps in itineraries.
Control of discharges of contaminants
(See the following section for accidental oil spills from maritime incidents and ship-to-ship fuel transfers.)
Control of discharges of contaminants to the coastal marine area should be managed to ensure the high water quality and air quality is maintained. Discharges of contaminants in the coastal marine area of the islands will chiefly be from vessels, with some additional discharges from land. These discharges could be to the air, including discharges of noise and light, or to the sea.
Discharges from vessels are largely regulated under the Resource Management (Marine Pollution) Regulations 1998, which regulate oil, noxious liquid substances, treated and untreated sewage, garbage, clean or segregated ballast water, and discharges as part of normal operations of a ship or offshore installation. The regulations also control the dumping of waste and other matter into the coastal marine area from ships, offshore
28 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
installations and aircraft, and the incineration of waste, in a marine incineration facility, in the coastal marine area. Ballast water discharges are managed by an Import Health Standard developed in accordance with provisions of the Biosecurity Act 1993.
Vessel owners/operators need to be aware of potential risks of what may seem like harmless discharges, such as kitchen waste. Kitchen waste could contain listeria, for example, which could have significant adverse effects on wildlife. Anyone using the waters in the coastal marine area of the islands is urged to be very cautious with discharges, to avoid potential adverse effects on wildlife, ecosystems and habitats.
Discharges from land to the coastal marine areas of the islands are minimal. Storm water discharges are negligible and there are no reticulated storm water or waste water systems. This is not expected to change. In the interests of preserving the significant natural character values of the islands and their coastal marine areas, further development will be avoided other than what is necessary to maintain health and safety.
Discharges of sewage from land can be difficult issues—as noted, there are no reticulated waste water systems. Sewage management is generally very basic, such as digging long drops where soil type is suitable or individuals containing and removing it in ‘honey pots’ if visits are short. Any form of sewage discharge to water is particularly offensive to tangata whenua and should be avoided where possible.
The threat of an oil spill is a key issue. The challenging conditions of strong winds and currents, and the need for vessels to travel slowly when close to the islands present navigation safety risks. This is especially the case for large vessels. The threat of an oil spill from any one of the vessels that visit the islands is ever present, and as the number and/or the size of vessels interested in visiting the islands increases, so does the risk of oil spills. Incidents and oil spills can also result from poor management and/or maintenance.
Fuel transfers are also a potential oil spill risk. Ship-to-shore fuel transfers need to be provided for to ensure the fuel supplies on the islands are kept stocked up, particularly for use in the event of emergencies. Ship-to-ship fuel transfers at sea, however, are considered to be a significant risk that should be avoided.
Severity of impact from oil spills is closely related to the type of fuel, the amount (the bigger the vessel, the larger the volume of fuel), and the exposure of the area to the spill. Heavy fuel oil would have the most severe impact. While diesel still presents a risk to some wildlife (a severe risk to the Campbell Island teal, the world’s rarest duck, and shags), it is the easiest type of fuel spill to manage, as it will disperse and evaporate in a high-energy environment. Similarly, the severity of discharges to air is closely related to fuel type. Marine diesel will burn cleaner than a heavy fuel oil, assisting with reducing emissions.
The noise in many parts of the coastal marine area of the islands will predominantly comprise noise generated by natural sources (e.g. the surf breaking on the shore, and the sea lapping against rocks). Given the high-energy environments of the Kermadec and Sibantarctic Islands, the background noise will be substantial most of the time. Artificial noise (excluding bird calls played from loud speaker to attract birds back to Raoul Island), however, generated from within the coastal marine area has the potential to adversely affect the health and wellbeing of fauna, amenity values and natural character both within and adjacent to the coastal marine area.
Artificial light in the coastal marine area also has the potential to adversely affect the health and well-being of flora and fauna, natural character and amenity values. Seabirds in particular are vulnerable to lights at night—they have a tendency to be attracted to artificial lights on vessels at night, resulting in deck strike injuries or mortalities. Artificial light can also adversely affect insects.
29Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
PolICIeS
To prohibit the use and transport of heavy fuel oil and ship-to-ship transfers of any 13. fuel type in the coastal marine areas of the Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands.
13. To avoid the discharge of untreated human sewage directly to water in the coastal marine area from land, and only allow the discharge of treated sewage where:
(i) There has been adequate consideration of alternative methods, sites and routes for undertaking the discharge; and
(ii) The action is informed by an understanding of tangata whenua values and the effects on them.
14. To acknowledge that:(i) There is a small and intermittent discharge of untreated sewage from land to the
coastal marine area from a toilet on Campbell Island/Motu Ihupuku.(ii) There are technical difficulties that affect the management of sewage on
Campbell Island/Motu Ihupuku—such as peat soils, high water table and remoteness of the island.
(iii) Options and/or alternatives to treat or remove the current discharge will be investigated and implemented within 5 years of this plan becoming operative.
15. To avoid discharges of contaminants to water or air and, where avoidance is not practicable, to remedy or mitigate the adverse effects of such discharges on ecosystems and habitats22. 16. To encourage anyone undertaking activities in the coastal marine area of the islands to minimise the generation of artificial noise and, where artificial noise cannot be avoided, to remedy or mitigate the effects as far as practicable. 17. To encourage anyone undertaking activities in the coastal marine area of the islands to minimise the generation of artificial light (excluding lights required for navigation) and, where use of artificial light cannot be avoided, to remedy or mitigate the effects as far as practicable.
oTheR MeThodS
3. The Department of Conservation will encourage all users of the coastal marine areas of the islands to minimise the use and generation of artificial light and generation of artificial noise. This may be in the form of guidelines.
4. The Department of Conservation will work with stakeholders to develop best practice guidelines for the undertaking of ship to ship fuel transfers, where they are allowed, in order to reduce the risk of potential incidents.
Avoiding and reducing the impacts of accidental discharges of contaminants
The threat of an oil spill (an accidental discharge of hydrocarbons and contaminants) is a key issue. The challenging conditions of strong winds and currents present navigation safety risks, particularly when vessels are close to shore. This is especially the case for large vessels. The threat of an oil spill from any one of the vessels that visit the islands is ever present, and as the number and/or the size of vessels interested in visiting the islands increases, so does the risk of maritime incidents and oil spills. Incidents and oil spills can also result from poor management and/or maintenance.
22 Most discharges from ships and offshore installations are regulated by the Resource Management (Marine Pollution) Regulations 1998. In particular, refer to regulation 4.
30 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Severity of impact from oil spills is closely related to the type of fuel, the amount of fuel (the bigger the vessel, the larger the volume of fuel), and the exposure of the area to the spill. Heavier grade fuel oils (and fuel oil components) would have the most severe impact because the heavy grade oil components could persist in the environment for many years, and also because the heavier grade fuel oils (the ‘residual oils’ that are left after the refining process distils off diesel and other products) also contain a range of contaminants that were present in the crude oil. While diesel still presents a risk to some wildlife (a severe risk to the Campbell Island teal, the world’s rarest duck, and shags), it is the easiest type of fuel spill to manage, as it will disperse and evaporate in a high-energy environment (see the New Zealand National Oil Spill Contingency Plan—Annex 9—Subantarctic Islands). Similarly, the severity of discharges to air is closely related to fuel type. Marine diesel will burn cleaner than a heavier fuel oil, assisting with reducing emissions.
This plan will prohibit the carriage and use of heavy fuel oil as fuel or the carriage of heavy fuel oil as cargo in the coastal marine areas of the Subantarctic and Kermadec Islands. The terms of the ban and the definition of what constitutes a heavy fuel oil (HFO) are the same as for the Antarctic Area HFO ban that came into force under MARPOL Annex 1 Chapter 9 in August 2011. Apart from cruise ships entering the Snares Islands – Tini Heke coastal marine area briefly in order to observe titi, it is only some fishing vessels in operation around the Subantarctic Islands that currently use heavier grade oils as fuel. For those fishing vessels, a 5 year transition period before the full ban on using HFO as a fuel (or carrying it as a cargo) comes into force has been included to give the fishing industry adequate time to plan and prepare for an HFO ban and the additional costs it will impose. During the transition, fishing vessels using HFO will be allowed to enter the coastal marine area largely as happens at present, namely for shelter from storms or to address crew care issues, subject to conditions to reduce the risk of a spill or the impact of any spill.
Fuel transfers are also a potential oil spill risk. Ship-to-shore fuel transfers need to be provided for to ensure the fuel supplies on the islands are kept stocked up, particularly for use in the event of emergencies. Ship-to-ship fuel transfers at sea, however, are considered to be a significant risk. Provision is made for small scale or emergency transfers (such as if a vessels fuel becomes contaminated), subject to conditions to reduce the risk of a spill or the impact of any spill.
PolICIeS
18. To prohibit the carriage and use of heavy fuel oil as fuel or the carriage of heavy fuel oil as cargo in the coastal marine areas of the Subantarctic and Kermadec Islands. 19. To give fishing vessels that currently operate around the Subantarctic Islands and currently use fuel that falls within the definition of heavy fuel oil a period of 5 years to plan and prepare for the heavy fuel oil ban, with restrictions during the transition period that will still allow most of the normal operations of those vessels to continue. 20. To immediately prohibit all ship-to-ship transfers of heavy fuel oil. 21. To allow ship-to-ship transfers between vessels of clean distillate fuels such as Marine Gas Oil or Marine Diesel Oil, provided that they are undertaken using best practice and in such a way as to avoid or greatly reduce the likelihood of, and consequences from, any oil spills.
Controls on structures, disturbance, deposition and reclamation
Given the significant natural values of the islands, activities that involve placement of new structures, disturbance, deposition and reclamation should be restricted to that which is necessary and unavoidable. Such activities may include disturbance as a result of approved wreck salvage operations (refer to ‘Issue 3: Cultural and historic heritage’ for management
31Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
approach to shipwrecks); localised disturbance to the sea bed by anchoring; maintenance of existing structures; and placement of equipment to monitor volcanic or seismic activity, such as tsunami warning devices.
The existing landing platforms at Fishing Rock and Boat Cove (including the adjacent rock wall) on Raoul Island, however, need to be upgraded. These are the best locations for the landing of people and supplies. Upgrading of these two facilities will involve more than maintenance of the existing structures because they have fallen into such a state of disrepair that they are difficult to use. In the interests of addressing the risks of both navigation safety incidents and oil spills, the provisions of this plan should enable upgrade of these facilities to take place.
PolICIeS
22. To avoid the placement of new structures on the foreshore or seabed, unless they are necessary for the maintenance of existing infrastructure and/or for monitoring of seismic or volcanic activity or for other scientific monitoring. 23. To provide for the continuation of safe and effective functioning of existing working structures by providing for the maintenance of those working structures within their existing footprint. (Refer objectives and policies of ‘Issue 3: Cultural and historic heritage’, where the working structure is also a historic structure.) 24. As an exception to policies 19 22 and 20 23, to provide for the upgrading of existing landing platforms at Fishing Rock and Boat Cove (including the adjacent rock wall) on Raoul Island, including the placement of new structures, disturbance, deposition and reclamation. 25. To avoid activities that involve disturbance of the foreshore or seabed to the extent practicable and, where disturbance is unavoidable, to keep the effects and area of disturbance to a minimum, and to remedy or mitigate those effects. 26. To avoid activities that involve deposition of material on the foreshore or seabed and reclamations of foreshore and seabed and, where deposition is unavoidable, to keep the effects of the deposition to a minimum, and remedy or mitigate those effects. 27. To allow minor disturbance associated with approved research when non-invasive methods are not practicable and/or samples are needed. 28. To allow minor disturbance associated with the placement of a temporary mooring to continue to provide for the safe mooring of Mr Stuart Cave so long as he continues to hold CRA8 quota and fish that quota in the vicinity of the Snares Islands/Tini Heke.
32 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Issue 2 Kaitiakitanga of the coastal marine area
The broad issue to be addressed is to provide for kaitiakitanga of the natural and physical resources of the coastal marine area of the islands, and ensure that the relationship and values of the tangata whenua for both groups of islands are maintained. Given the different circumstances and histories of the two groups of islands, they are considered separately in this issue.
Kaitiakitanga of the coastal marine area of the Kermadec Islands
Under section 6 of the Act it is a matter of national importance, in promoting sustainable management, to recognise and provide for the relationship of Māori and their culture and traditions with their ancestral lands, water, sites, wāhi tapu, and other taonga. Section 7 of the Act also requires the Minister of Conservation when carrying out his/her functions and powers under the Act to have particular regard to kaitiakitanga.
Section 2 of the Act defines kaitiakitanga as the ‘exercise of guardianship by the tangata whenua of an area in accordance with tikanga Māori in relation to natural and physical resources; and includes the ethic of stewardship’. In relation to the Kermadec Islands the Minister of Conservation will consult with Ngāti Kurī and Te Aupōuri as both iwi have expressed an association with the Islands.
Objective
2.1 To establish and build a relationship with tangata whenua in the management of the coastal marine area of the Kermadec Islands.
PolICIeS
29. To liaise and consult with tangata whenua with regard to the management of the Kermadec Islands coastal marine area. 30. To recognise and provide for the tangata whenua relationship with the Kermadec Islands and values by:
Encouraging applicants for new coastal permits to consult with tangata whenua. •Consulting tangata whenua when monitoring or reviewing this coastal plan. •
Kaitiakitanga of the coastal marine area of the Subantarctic Islands
Ngāi Tahu ki Murihiku are kaitiaki of the Southland region, including the southern islands. They have prepared a management plan Te Tangi a Tauira—The Cry of the People to:
Describe the values underpinning the relationship between Ngāi Tahu ki Murihiku •and the natural environment;Identify the primary issues associated with natural resource and environmental •management in the area from the perspective of Ngāi Tahu; and Articulate Ngāi Tahu ki Murihiku policies and management guidelines for natural •resource and environmental management, wāhi tapu and wāhi toanga.
The issue to be addressed is that of recognition of and provision for the physical, historical and cultural relationship of Ngāi Tahu ki Murihiku with the coastal marine area of the Subantarctic Islands, including:
The exercise of tino rangatiratanga by iwi and hapū in the coastal marine area; •The role of tangata whenua as kaitiaki of coastal resources; •The values and perspectives of tangata whenua with respect to the spiritual qualities •of water (its mauri and wairua); and
33Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
The protection of wāhi tapu, e.g. urupā, coastal battlegrounds, tauranga waka, mauri •stones, toko taunga ika and other taonga.
Objective
2.2 To recognise and provide for the relationship and values of Ngāi Tahu ki Murihiku with the coastal marine area of the Subantarctic Islands in a manner reflective of their status as tangata whenua and in accordance with tikanga/tikaka Māori.
PolICIeS
31. To adopt procedures and approaches to enable Ngāi Tahu ki Murihiku to exercise their role as kaitiaki and participate as a partner in coastal management decisions 32. To actively consult Ngāi Tahu ki Murihiku, and encourage resource consent applicants to actively consult, when an activity could affect a site identified in this plan as being of significance to Ngāi Tahu ki Murihiku, or adversely affect the values of Ngāi Tahu ki Murihiku. 33. To provide copies of all coastal permit applications for activities in the coastal marine area of the Subantarctic Islands to Ngāi Tahu ki Murihiku23. 34. To recognise and provide for the protection of taonga species, including the following:
Hoiho • • Toroa • PakeaMiromiro • • Tutukiwi • ParāoaPokotiwha • • Ihipuku • TohorāTītī • • Kekeno
35. To consult with Ngāi Tahu ki Murihiku when monitoring or reviewing this coastal plan.
Issue 3 Cultural and historic heritage
The issue to be addressed is to recognise and provide for the protection of historic heritage from inappropriate use and development.
The definition of historic heritage in the RMA (refer glossary) includes (among other things) cultural heritage. However, given the significance of cultural heritage in the islands, this plan refers to cultural and historic heritage for clarity and emphasis.
The cultural and historic heritage of the Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands provides us with evidence of past human activity. Sites of cultural and/or historic heritage in the coastal marine area of both groups of islands need to be protected from activities that have the potential to adversely affect them.
The management of cultural and historic heritage in the coastal marine area is more difficult than on land because of the harsh effects of the coastal environment—even more so in the coastal marine area of the Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands. The Subantarctic Islands are subject to an extreme climate and high-energy environment, being located in the ‘Roaring Forties and Furious Fifties’. The Kermadec Islands are located in a high- highly dynamic volcanic environment. For both groups of islands, many historic sites are of an extremely delicate nature and more susceptible to human, animal and natural impacts than sites in other types of environments.
23 This policy does not include coastal permit applications for a risk assessment of fouling on a vessel’s hull or niche areas, which, as provided in policy 5, will be processed on a non-notified basis and assessed as expeditiously as possible.
34 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
It follows that active conservation (or preservation) of cultural and historic heritage in the Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands is also more difficult because of the climate, environment, the delicate nature of many sites, and the difficulty and expense involved in undertaking such work because of the isolation of the islands. The isolation of the islands also means that it is difficult to monitor natural deterioration and human impacts on cultural and historic sites.
Objectives
3.1 To protect and, where appropriate, conserve cultural and historic heritage sites of significance.
3.2 To recognise and provide for the protection of sites, areas and values of special spiritual, historical and cultural significance to tangata whenua.
3.3 To facilitate research into and understanding of sites of historic and cultural heritage, and promote awareness and appreciation of those sites.
PolICIeS
36. To protect the sites of cultural or historic heritage listed in Appendix 2. 37. To conserve the following sites of cultural or historic heritage, which are a subset of Appendix 2:
Grafton Wreck • and Epigwaitt Castaway Hut Site, Auckland IslandNortheast Harbour Whaling Station • 24, Campbell Island/Motu Ihpuku
38. To only allow activities at any of the sites listed in policy 36 in accordance with the provisions of a Historic Work Plan Heritage assessment; and at the sites listed in policy 37 in accordance with the provisions of a Conservation Plan; approved by the Department of Conservation. 39. To identify sites of special spiritual, historical and or cultural significance to tangata whenua and record in Appendix 2 if tangata whenua wish to do so. 40. To protect all sites with cultural or historic heritage value, whether previously identified as significant and/or included in Appendix 2 or not. Activities that would modify, damage or destroy the sites with cultural or historic heritage value should be avoided. However, where complete avoidance is not possible, remedying or mitigating the adverse effects of activities that would modify, damage or destroy the sites or their values shall be undertaken. 41. To protect sites of cultural or historic heritage value, whether previously identified as significant and/or included in Appendix 2 or not, in situ unless it can be demonstrated that an artefact is rare or has significant importance such that it should be removed for research and preservation. 42. To generally consider appropriate any methods of archaeological investigation for the purpose of approved research that will enhance knowledge and understanding of a cultural or heritage site that will not damage, modify or destroy the site, subject to tangata whenua concerns for Māori sites. 43. To potentially consider appropriate an activity involving archaeological excavation of sites of cultural or historic heritage value when alternative, less destructive methods can not be used. Under such circumstances, excavation will be kept to a minimum25.
24 This site was a whaling station between 1911 and 1914. Jetty remains and ringbolts are evident in the inter-tidal area, and there is a sea wall around most of the point. A significant part of the site, however, is on terrace above, above MHWS.
25 Note: Archaeological sites associated with human activity that occurred before 1900 are protected by the Historic Places Act 1993. An archaeological Authority will be required from the New Zealand Historic Places Trust to destroy, damage or modify these sites.
35Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
44. In assessing an application for an activity that has the potential to affect cultural or historic sites that, having considered the policies above, is appropriate, including shipwreck salvage and archaeological investigation, to have regard to:
a) The intrinsic values of the sites, including the relationship that people might have with the site and the extent to which it will be maintained.
b) Māori spiritual, historical and cultural values and the outcome of tangata whenua consultation.
c) The integrity of the site, including, in the case of a structure, its physical appearance, and the extent to which it will be maintained.
d) The extent to which the activity will enhance knowledge and understanding of the heritage site.
e) The extent to which the proposed modifications will maintain or enhance the efficient operation of an operating of any existing operational facility.
f) The possibility of the activity being undertaken somewhere else (i.e. away from the location of the heritage values or outside the coastal marine area of the Subantarctic Islands).
45. In respect of any application for an activity that has the potential to affect heritage sites, to the applicant shall make provision for the recording of details of the site, including shipwreck salvage, by any or all of the following means:
a) Photographic recordb) Written recordc) Identification at or near the sited) Archaeological investigation and recording to accepted professional standardse) Provision of information to the Minister of Conservation
46. To generally consider appropriate activities that facilitate research opportunities that will contribute to the knowledge and understanding of historic and cultural heritage and inform effective management of sites and artefacts, subject to tangata whenua concerns for Māori sites.
47. To generally consider appropriate activities that promote awareness and understanding of the value and significance of historic and cultural heritage.
oTheR MeThodS
5. The Department of Conservation will prepare, update and implement Historic Work Plans or Conservation Plans for sites of cultural and historic heritage in Appendix 2, to national best practice standards and to the standards of ICOMOS NZ charter.
6. To achieve integrated management for cultural and historic heritage sites both above and below Mean High Water Springs, the Department of Conservation and the New Zealand Conservation Authority (NZCA) will endeavour to ensure consistency between the policies in this plan and the approach taken in Conservation Management Strategies for both the Kermadec Islands and Subantarctic Islands when they are reviewed.
7. The Department of Conservation will maintain and contribute to updating inventory systems, such as the NZ Archaeological Association Site Recording Scheme (ArchSite).
8. The Department of Conservation will encourage a greater public awareness and understanding of cultural and historic heritage sites in the coastal marine area to foster support for their preservation and protection by:
36 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
a) Providing advice and information on cultural and historic heritage resources in the coastal marine area where appropriate, including at locations away from the islands; and b) Advocating the conservation of cultural and historic heritage resources in the coastal marine area where appropriate. 9. The Department of Conservation will review and update Appendix 2 as necessary.
Note:Many sites of cultural and historic heritage, including shipwrecks, are archaeological sites that are subject to the provisions of the Historic Places Act 1993. Authority is required from the New Zealand Historic Places Trust prior to any activity being undertaken that would modify, damage or destroy any archaeological site as defined by the Historic Places Act, whether recorded or not.
Further authorisations are likely to be required if the site is located in a marine reserve. Approval of the Director-General of the Department of Conservation may need to be obtained for salvage or removal of all or parts of shipwrecks within the coastal marine area of the Auckland Islands, in accordance with the Marine Reserve (Auckland Islands – Motu Maha) Order 2003. An authorisation from the Director-General of the Department of Conservation may need to be obtained for salvage or removal of all or parts of shipwrecks within the coastal marine area of any other marine reserve, such as the Kermadec Islands Marine Reserve, in accordance with the Marine Reserves Act 1971.
37Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Ac
tiv
ity
R
ul
e
StA
nd
AR
dS
/te
Rm
S/c
on
dit
ion
S
cl
AS
Sif
icA
tio
n
Po
lic
y R
ef.
Tem
po
rary
occ
upat
ion
of la
nd o
f the
cro
wn
the
1 •
Res
earc
h is
con
sist
ent w
ith th
e n
ew Z
eala
nd S
uban
tarc
tic is
land
s R
esea
rch
Str
ateg
y 20
03,
Per
mitt
ed
6, 1
1, 2
2, 3
6, 4
0
com
mon
mar
ine
and
coas
tal a
rea27
in th
e co
asta
l
an
d a
ny re
quire
d pe
rmits
und
er th
e R
eser
ves
Act
hav
e be
en o
btai
ned
mar
ine
area
of t
he S
uban
tarc
tic is
land
s fo
r
• o
ccup
atio
n is
for
a pe
riod
of n
o m
ore
than
6 m
onth
s (th
e su
mm
er re
sear
ch s
easo
n)
rese
arch
pur
pose
s
• th
e m
oorin
g is
rem
oved
at t
he e
nd o
f the
rese
arch
sea
son
• th
e m
oorin
g w
ill n
ot b
e lo
cate
d w
ithin
any
her
itage
site
as
liste
d in
App
endi
x 2
• P
rior
to p
laci
ng th
e m
oorin
g, th
e ar
ea o
f for
esho
re a
nd s
eabe
d sh
all b
e ch
ecke
d to
the
exte
nt
pr
actic
able
to e
nsur
e th
e pl
acem
ent w
ill n
ot a
dver
sely
affe
ct a
ny c
ultu
ral o
r hi
stor
ic h
erita
ge v
alue
s
•
Prio
r to
pla
cing
the
moo
ring,
the
area
of f
ores
hore
and
sea
bed
shal
l be
chec
ked
to th
e ex
tent
prac
ticab
le to
ens
ure
that
any
pot
entia
l adv
erse
effe
cts
on e
colo
gica
l val
ues
are
min
imis
ed
• A
dvic
e of
loca
tion
and
dura
tion
of o
ccup
atio
n is
to b
e pr
ovid
ed to
the
dep
artm
ent o
f con
serv
atio
n
at le
ast 2
wee
ks in
adv
ance
of p
laci
ng th
e m
oorin
g
•
Any
rope
s or
cha
ins
used
are
eith
er n
ew e
ach
seas
on o
r ha
ve o
nly
been
use
d at
the
sam
e lo
catio
n
in th
e S
uban
tarc
tic is
land
s
•
the
moo
ring
is c
lear
ly v
isib
le to
oth
er v
esse
ls in
the
vici
nity
Oth
er o
ccup
atio
n of
lan
d of
the
cro
wn
the
2 •
exc
lude
s oc
cupa
tion
rela
ted
to s
truc
ture
s w
hen
ther
e is
a r
ule
rela
ting
to s
truc
ture
pla
cem
ent
dis
cret
iona
ry
1, 2
, 3, 1
5, 1
6, 1
7,
com
mon
mar
ine
and
coas
tal a
rea27
in th
e co
asta
l
th
at s
peci
fical
ly p
rovi
des
for
occu
patio
n
22, 2
5, 2
6, 2
9, 3
0,
mar
ine
area
that
is n
ot p
erm
itted
by
rule
1 a
bove
31
, 32,
33,
34,
36,
37
, 40
Rule
s
Not
e:
No
rule
s ca
n pr
even
t ves
sels
from
acc
essi
ng th
e te
rrito
rial o
r int
erna
l wat
ers
for r
efug
e in
the
even
t of a
n em
erge
ncy
or a
ny o
ther
forc
e m
ajeu
re o
r
whe
n in
dis
tres
s or
for t
he p
urpo
se o
f ass
istin
g ot
hers
in d
istr
ess
or d
ange
r (re
fer U
NC
LOS26
art
icle
18(2
)).
occ
upat
ion
26 U
NC
LOS
is th
e U
nite
d N
atio
ns C
onve
ntio
n on
the
Law
of t
he S
ea (U
NC
LOS)
, also
calle
d th
e La
w o
f the
Sea
Con
vent
ion
or th
e La
w o
f the
Sea
trea
ty. I
t is a
n in
tern
atio
nal a
gree
men
t tha
t defi
nes t
he ri
ghts
and
resp
onsi
bilit
ies o
f nat
ions
in th
eir u
se o
f the
wor
ld’s
ocea
ns, e
stab
lishi
ng g
uide
lines
for b
usin
esse
s, th
e en
viro
nmen
t, an
d th
e m
anag
emen
t of m
arin
e na
tura
l res
ourc
es.
27 S
ectio
n 12
(2) o
f the
Res
ourc
e M
anag
emen
t Act
1991
was
am
ende
d by
the
Mar
ine
and
Coa
stal
Are
a (T
akut
ai M
oana
) Act
201
1.
38 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Ac
tiv
ity
R
ul
e
StA
nd
AR
dS
/te
Rm
S/c
on
dit
ion
S
cl
AS
Sif
icA
tio
n
Po
lic
y R
ef.
ere
ctio
n or
pla
cem
ent o
f a s
truc
ture
for
the
3 •
the
mon
itorin
g of
the
effe
ctiv
enes
s of
this
pla
n is
to b
e ca
rrie
d ou
t by
eith
er d
epar
tmen
t of
Per
mitt
ed
6, 1
5, 2
2, 2
5, 2
6
purp
oses
of s
cien
tific
mo
nito
ring
, res
earc
h or
c
onse
rvat
ion
staf
f or
indi
vidu
als
on b
ehal
f of t
he d
epar
tmen
t
27, 3
6
mo
nito
ring
of v
olc
anic
or
seis
mic
act
ivity
,
• d
istu
rban
ce w
ill n
ot a
ffect
any
site
of c
ultu
ral o
r hi
stor
ic h
erita
ge li
sted
in A
ppen
dix
2
and
rela
ted
occu
patio
n of
the
com
mon
mar
ine
and
•
Adv
ice
of lo
catio
n is
to b
e pr
ovid
ed to
the
dep
artm
ent o
f con
serv
atio
n, a
t lea
st 4
wee
ks in
co
asta
l mar
ine
area
and
rela
ted
dist
urba
nce
of th
e
ad
vanc
e of
und
erta
king
the
activ
ity
fore
shor
e an
d se
abed
• S
edim
ent d
istu
rban
ce a
t the
tim
e of
con
stru
ctio
n w
ill n
ot re
duce
the
visu
al c
larit
y of
wat
er
by
mor
e th
an 5
0% o
utsi
de a
50-
met
re-r
adiu
s zo
ne o
f mix
ing
• W
ith re
spec
t to
the
coas
tal m
arin
e ar
ea in
and
aro
und
the
entr
ance
to P
ort R
oss,
con
stru
ctio
n
d
ates
are
lim
ited
to th
e pe
riod
of 1
nov
embe
r to
31
mar
ch
• W
ith re
spec
t to
the
coas
tal m
arin
e ar
ea in
and
aro
und
Ada
ms,
dun
das
and
figu
re o
f eig
ht is
land
s,
co
nstr
uctio
n da
tes
are
limite
d to
the
perio
d of
1 A
pril
to 3
0 S
epte
mbe
r
• S
truc
ture
doe
s no
t cre
ate
a na
viga
tiona
l haz
ard
Rec
onst
ruct
ion,
alte
ratio
n or
ext
ensi
on o
f the
4
• th
e w
orks
will
be
unde
rtak
en b
y or
on
beha
lf of
the
dep
artm
ent o
f con
serv
atio
n P
erm
itted
24
, 25,
26
land
ing
pla
tfo
rms
at f
ishi
ng R
ock
and
Boa
t cov
e,
•
Prio
r to
und
erta
king
any
wor
ks, a
his
toric
wor
k pl
an a
her
itage
ass
essm
ent w
ill b
e de
velo
ped
an
d th
e ro
ck w
all a
t Boa
t cov
e on
Rao
ul Is
land
,
th
at re
cogn
ises
the
herit
age
valu
e of
the
orig
inal
pla
tfor
m a
nd, w
here
pra
ctic
able
, ret
ains
its
and
rela
ted
occu
patio
n of
the
com
mon
mar
ine
and
herit
age
valu
es, a
nd th
e w
orks
will
be
unde
rtak
en in
acc
orda
nce
with
that
pla
n as
sess
men
t co
asta
l mar
ine
area
, rel
ated
dis
turb
ance
of t
he
•
Rec
lam
atio
n is
kep
t to
the
min
imum
requ
ired
to e
nsur
e th
at a
saf
e la
ndin
g pl
atfo
rm is
pro
vide
d
fore
shor
e an
d s
eabe
d, a
nd a
ny re
clam
atio
n re
quire
d
• m
ater
ials
to b
e us
ed in
the
wor
ks h
ave
had
a fu
ll bi
osec
urity
insp
ectio
n
Rec
onst
ruct
ion
or a
ltera
tion
of a
str
uctu
re
5 •
Act
ivity
is fo
r th
e pu
rpos
e of
mai
ntai
ning
the
stru
ctur
e in
goo
d re
pair
Per
mitt
ed
23, 2
5, 2
6, 3
8 lis
ted
in A
pp
end
ix 2
for
mai
nten
ance
and
rela
ted
• P
rior
to u
nder
taki
ng a
ny w
orks
, a h
isto
ric w
ork
plan
her
itage
ass
essm
ent w
ill b
e de
velo
ped
oc
cupa
tion
of th
e co
mm
on m
arin
e an
d c
oast
al m
arin
e
th
at re
cogn
ises
the
herit
age
valu
e of
the
site
or
stru
ctur
e an
d, w
here
pra
ctic
able
, ret
ains
its
area
and
rela
ted
dist
urba
nce
of th
e fo
resh
ore
and
herit
age
valu
es, a
nd th
e w
orks
will
be
unde
rtak
en in
acc
orda
nce
with
that
pla
n as
sess
men
t se
abed
, oth
er th
an th
ose
stru
ctur
es p
rovi
ded
•
Siz
e of
the
stru
ctur
e w
ill n
ot in
crea
se b
eyon
d or
igin
al s
ize,
exc
ept a
s pr
ovid
ed fo
r in
rul
e 4
abov
e
for
in r
ule
7
•S
edim
ent d
istu
rban
ce a
t the
tim
e of
con
stru
ctio
n w
ill n
ot re
duce
the
visu
al c
larit
y of
wat
er b
y
m
ore
than
50%
out
side
a 5
0-m
etre
-rad
ius
zone
of m
ixin
g at
any
tim
e
• A
dvic
e of
loca
tion
and
dura
tion
of w
orks
is to
be
prov
ided
to th
e d
epar
tmen
t of c
onse
rvat
ion
at
le
ast 4
wee
ks in
adv
ance
of t
he a
ctiv
ity o
ccur
ring
• m
ater
ials
to b
e us
ed in
the
wor
ks h
ave
had
a fu
ll bi
osec
urity
insp
ectio
n
Rec
onst
ruct
ion,
alte
ratio
n or
repl
acem
ent o
f an
6 •
Act
ivity
is fo
r th
e pu
rpos
e of
mai
ntai
ning
the
stru
ctur
e in
goo
d re
pair
Per
mitt
ed
23, 2
5, 2
6, 4
0 ex
istin
g st
ruct
ure
for
mai
nten
ance
, and
• th
e st
ruct
ure
is n
ot li
sted
in A
ppen
dix
2
rela
ted
occu
patio
n of
the
com
mon
mar
ine
and
•
Siz
e of
the
stru
ctur
e w
ill n
ot in
crea
se b
eyon
d or
igin
al s
ize
co
asta
l mar
ine
area
and
rela
ted
dist
urba
nce
of th
e
• S
edim
ent d
istu
rban
ce a
t the
tim
e of
con
stru
ctio
n w
ill n
ot re
duce
the
visu
al c
larit
y of
wat
er
fore
shor
e an
d se
abed
by
mor
e th
an 5
0% o
utsi
de a
50-
met
re-r
adiu
s zo
ne o
f mix
ing
at a
ny ti
me
• A
dvic
e of
loca
tion
and
dura
tion
of w
orks
is to
be
prov
ided
to th
e d
epar
tmen
t of c
onse
rvat
ion
at
le
ast 4
wee
ks in
adv
ance
of t
he a
ctiv
ity o
ccur
ring
• m
ater
ials
to b
e us
ed in
the
wor
ks h
ave
had
a fu
ll bi
osec
urity
insp
ectio
n
Stru
ctur
es
Con
tinue
d on
nex
t pag
e
39Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Alte
ratio
n or
rem
oval
of a
n ex
istin
g he
ritag
e 7
• th
e st
ruct
ure
is li
sted
in P
olic
y 34
37
Per
mitt
ed
23, 2
5, 2
6, 3
7, 3
8
stru
ctur
e fo
r m
aint
enan
ce a
nd/o
r co
nser
vatio
n
• th
e w
orks
are
und
erta
ken
acco
rdin
g to
the
requ
irem
ents
of a
his
toric
wor
k pl
an h
erita
ge a
sses
smen
t
41, 4
3, 4
5
or a
nd a
con
serv
atio
n P
lan
as a
ppro
ved
by th
e d
epar
tmen
t of c
onse
rvat
ion
and
the
His
toric
Pla
ces
trus
t
• th
e w
ork
is u
nder
take
n by
or
on b
ehal
f of t
he d
epar
tmen
t of c
onse
rvat
ion
• n
o us
e of
exp
losi
ves
ere
ctio
n or
pla
cem
ent o
f a t
emp
ora
ry s
truc
ture
8
• th
e m
oorin
g st
ruct
ure
is p
lace
d an
d us
ed b
y m
r S
tuar
t cav
e to
moo
r a
vess
el fo
r th
e pu
rpos
es
Per
mitt
ed
22, 2
3, 2
5 fo
r sa
fe m
oo
ring
pur
pose
s, a
nd re
late
d oc
cup
atio
n
of
ob
tain
ing
cray
fish
as p
er m
r S
tuar
t cav
e’s
quot
a al
loca
tion
in c
RA
8 of
the
com
mon
mar
ine
and
coas
tal m
arin
e ar
ea a
nd
•
this
rul
e w
ill o
nly
cont
inue
to a
pply
if m
r S
tuar
t cav
e co
ntin
ues
to h
old
quot
a in
cR
A8
and
re
late
d d
istu
rban
ce o
f the
fore
shor
e an
d s
eabe
d
co
ntin
ues
to fi
sh fo
r cr
ayfis
h in
the
area
aro
und
the
Sna
res
isla
nds/
tini
Hek
e w
ith a
gap
of
and
acce
ss in
side
300
met
res
from
mH
WS
at
no m
ore
than
36
mon
ths
H
o H
o B
ay o
n S
nare
s Is
land
s/T
ini H
eke
•
All
stru
ctur
es a
nd e
quip
men
t use
d to
sec
ure
the
moo
ring
mus
t be
rem
oved
if m
r S
tuar
t cav
e
is
goi
ng to
be
abse
nt fr
om th
e S
nare
s is
land
s/ti
ni H
eke
for
4 w
eeks
or
mor
e
• A
ny ro
pes
or c
hain
s us
ed a
re e
ither
new
eac
h se
ason
or
have
onl
y be
en u
sed
at th
e sa
me
loca
tion
in th
e S
uban
tarc
tic is
land
s
ere
ctio
n, p
lace
men
t, re
cons
truc
tion,
alte
ratio
n,
9
d
iscr
etio
nary
1,
2, 3
, 15,
16,
17
exte
nsio
n, re
mov
al o
r de
mol
ition
of a
ny s
truc
ture
22
, 23,
25,
26,
29,
an
d an
y re
late
d oc
cupa
tion
of th
e co
mm
on m
arin
e
30
, 31,
32,
33,
34,
an
d co
asta
l mar
ine
area
, and
the
activ
ity o
r st
ruct
ure
36, 3
7, 3
8, 4
0 do
es n
ot c
ome
with
in a
nd/o
r co
mpl
y w
ith a
ny o
f ru
les
3 to
8
Ac
tiv
ity
R
ul
e
StA
nd
AR
dS
/te
Rm
S/c
on
dit
ion
S
cl
AS
Sif
icA
tio
n
Po
lic
y R
ef.
Stru
ctur
es—c
ontin
ued
40 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
dis
char
ges
from
land
Not
e 1:
D
isch
arge
s fr
om s
hips
and
offs
hore
inst
alla
tions
in th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
are
con
trol
led
by th
e Re
sour
ce M
anag
emen
t (M
arin
e Po
llutio
n) R
egul
atio
ns 19
98, p
ursu
ant t
o se
ctio
n
36
0(1)
(a) a
nd (h
a) to
(hh)
of t
he R
esou
rce
Man
agem
ent A
ct 19
91. T
he M
arin
e Po
llutio
n Re
gula
tions
con
trol
dis
char
ges
from
shi
ps, a
ircra
ft an
d off
shor
e in
stal
latio
ns in
to th
e
co
asta
l mar
ine
area
, inc
ludi
ng o
il, n
oxio
us li
quid
sub
stan
ces,
trea
ted
and
untr
eate
d se
wag
e, g
arba
ge, c
lean
or s
egre
gate
d ba
llast
wat
er, a
nd d
isch
arge
s as
par
t of n
orm
al
op
erat
ions
of a
shi
p or
offs
hore
inst
alla
tion.
The
Reg
ulat
ions
als
o co
ntro
l the
dum
ping
of w
aste
and
oth
er m
atte
r int
o th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
from
shi
ps, o
ffsho
re in
stal
latio
ns
an
d ai
rcra
ft, a
nd th
e in
cine
ratio
n of
was
te, i
n a
mar
ine
inci
nera
tion
faci
lity,
in th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
. Bal
last
wat
er d
isch
arge
s ar
e m
anag
ed b
y an
Impo
rt H
ealth
Sta
ndar
d
de
velo
ped
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith p
rovi
sion
s of
the
Bios
ecur
ity A
ct 19
93. (
Beyo
nd 12
nau
tical
mile
s, di
scha
rges
from
shi
ps a
nd o
ffsho
re in
stal
latio
ns a
re c
ontr
olle
d by
Mar
itim
e an
d
M
arin
e Pr
otec
tion
Rule
s un
der t
he M
ariti
me
Tran
spor
t Act
1994
.) A
ctiv
ities
aut
horis
ed b
y th
e M
arin
e Po
llutio
n Re
gula
tions
are
exe
mpt
from
the
rule
s of
the
regi
onal
coa
stal
plan
, unl
ess
the
regu
latio
ns s
peci
fical
ly d
eem
an
activ
ity to
be
a di
scre
tiona
ry a
ctiv
ity in
a re
gion
al c
oast
al p
lan.
Not
e 2:
M
arin
e Re
serv
es A
ct fu
rthe
r res
tric
ts d
isch
arge
s w
ithin
the
Auc
klan
d Is
land
s/M
otu
Mah
a M
arin
e Re
serv
e an
d di
scha
rges
oth
er th
an s
ewag
e in
the
Ker
mad
ec Is
land
s M
arin
e Re
serv
e.
Not
e 3:
Th
ese
rule
s do
not
rest
rict
noi
se a
nd li
ght d
isch
arge
s as
soci
ated
with
SA
R/m
ediv
ac m
issi
ons
by h
elic
opte
r.
Ac
tiv
ity
R
ul
e
StA
nd
AR
dS
/te
Rm
S/c
on
dit
ion
S
cl
AS
Sif
icA
tio
n
Po
lic
y R
ef.
dis
char
ge o
f sto
rmw
ater
into
wat
er o
r on
to la
nd
10
the
activ
ity w
ill n
ot
invo
lve:
P
erm
itted
16
, 25
in th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
con
tam
inan
t (or
resu
lt
(a)
the
disc
harg
e of
a c
onta
min
ant o
r w
ater
into
wat
er; o
r
of n
atur
al e
nter
ing
wat
er
(b)
A d
isch
arge
of a
con
tam
inan
t ont
o or
into
land
in c
ircum
stan
ces
whi
ch m
ay re
sult
in th
at
dis
char
ge o
f unc
onta
min
ated
wat
er o
r st
orm
wat
er
co
ntam
inan
t (or
any
oth
er c
onta
min
ant e
man
atin
g as
resu
lt of
nat
ural
a p
roce
sses
from
that
in
to w
ater
or
onto
land
in th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
cont
amin
ant)
ente
ring
wat
er t
hat,
aft
er re
ason
able
mix
ing,
(eith
er b
y its
elf o
r in
com
bina
tion
with
th
e sa
me,
sim
ilar,
or o
ther
con
tam
inan
ts o
r w
ater
), is
like
ly to
giv
e ris
e to
all
or a
ny o
f the
follo
win
g
effe
cts
in th
e re
ceiv
ing
wat
ers:
th
at, a
fter
reas
onab
le m
ixin
g, (e
ither
by
itsel
f or
in c
ombi
natio
n w
ith th
e sa
me,
sim
ilar,
or o
ther
co
ntam
inan
ts o
r w
ater
), is
like
ly to
giv
e ris
e to
all
or a
ny o
f the
follo
win
g ef
fect
s in
the
rece
ivin
g w
ater
s:
(c)
the
pro
duct
ion
of a
ny c
onsp
icuo
us o
il or
gre
ase
film
s, s
cum
s or
foam
s, o
r flo
atab
le o
r
susp
ende
d m
ater
ials
:
(d)
Any
con
spic
uous
cha
nge
in th
e co
lour
or
visu
al c
larit
y
(e
) A
ny e
mis
sion
of o
bjec
tiona
ble
odou
r
(f)
A
ny s
igni
fican
t adv
erse
effe
cts
on a
quat
ic li
fe
Rem
oval
of a
n ex
istin
g o
utfa
ll st
ruct
ure
and
11
the
activ
ity w
ill n
ot in
volv
e:
Per
mitt
ed
16, 2
5 as
soci
ated
dis
turb
ance
(a
) th
e d
isch
arge
of a
con
tam
inan
t or
wat
er in
to w
ater
; or
(b)
A d
isch
arge
of a
con
tam
inan
t ont
o or
into
land
in c
ircum
stan
ces
whi
ch m
ay re
sult
in th
at
cont
amin
ant (
or a
ny o
ther
con
tam
inan
t em
anat
ing
as a
resu
lt of
nat
ural
pro
cess
es fr
om th
at
cont
amin
ant)
ente
ring
wat
er
that
, aft
er re
ason
able
mix
ing,
(eith
er b
y its
elf o
r in
com
bina
tion
w
ith th
e sa
me,
sim
ilar,
or o
ther
con
tam
inan
ts o
r w
ater
), is
like
ly
to g
ive
rise
to a
ll or
any
of t
he fo
llow
ing
effe
cts
in th
e re
ceiv
ing
w
ater
s:
(c
) th
e pr
oduc
tion
of a
ny c
onsp
icuo
us o
il or
gre
ase
film
s, s
cum
s or
foam
s, o
r flo
atab
le o
r
susp
ende
d m
ater
ials
:
(d)
Any
con
spic
uous
cha
nge
in th
e co
lour
or
visu
al c
larit
y:
(e
) A
ny e
mis
sion
of o
bjec
tiona
ble
odou
r:
(f)
A
ny s
igni
fican
t adv
erse
effe
cts
on a
quat
ic li
fe.
Con
tinue
d on
nex
t pag
e
41Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Dis
char
ges—
cont
inue
d
dis
char
ge o
f unt
reat
ed s
ewag
e in
to w
ater
or
onto
12
th
e di
scha
rge
of u
ntre
ated
sew
age
until
5 y
ears
aft
er th
e da
te th
is p
lan
beco
mes
P
erm
itted
14
land
in th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
of c
ampb
ell i
slan
d
oper
ativ
e
dis
char
ge o
f unt
reat
ed s
ewag
e in
to w
ater
or
13
P
rohi
bite
d 13
, 14
onto
land
in th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
, exc
ept
as p
rovi
ded
for
in r
ule
12
Oth
er d
isch
arg
es o
f con
tam
inan
ts to
wat
er
14
dis
cret
iona
ry
1, 1
5, 1
9, 2
0, 2
1,
or a
ir in
the
coas
tal m
arin
e ar
ea, w
here
the
29
, 30,
31,
32,
33,
di
scha
rge
does
not
com
e w
ithin
rul
e 12
34
, 36,
37,
38,
40
or c
ompl
y w
ith r
ules
10
and
11
to 1
2
Ac
tiv
ity
R
ul
e
StA
nd
AR
dS
/te
Rm
S/c
on
dit
ion
S
cl
AS
Sif
icA
tio
n
Po
lic
y R
ef.
42 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Ac
tiv
ity
R
ul
e
StA
nd
AR
dS
/te
Rm
S/c
on
dit
ion
S
cl
AS
Sif
icA
tio
n
Po
lic
y R
ef.
Sal
vag
e, r
emo
val o
f any
par
t (in
clud
ing
carg
o or
15
•
the
salv
age,
rem
oval
or
dem
oliti
on is
nec
essa
ry to
avo
id a
nav
igat
ion
safe
ty r
isk;
or
dis
cret
iona
ry
1, 2
, 3, 1
5, 1
6, 1
7,
othe
r ar
tefa
cts)
or
dem
olit
ion
of a
shi
pwre
ck, a
nd
•
the
salv
age,
rem
oval
or
dem
oliti
on is
nec
essa
ry o
r de
sira
ble
to p
reve
nt th
e di
scha
rge
of a
25, 2
6, 2
7, 2
9, 3
0,
rela
ted
dis
turb
ance
of t
he fo
resh
ore
and
sea
bed
in
cont
amin
ant;
or
31
, 32,
33,
34,
35,
the
coas
tal m
arin
e ar
ea o
f the
Sub
anta
rctic
and
• th
e sa
lvag
e, re
mov
al o
r de
mol
ition
is u
nder
take
n by
, or
on b
ehal
f of,
the
owne
r an
d is
with
in
36
, 37,
38,
40,
41,
Ker
mad
ec Is
land
s28
50 y
ears
of t
he s
hipw
reck
; or
42
, 43,
44,
45
• th
e pr
imar
y pu
rpos
e of
reco
very
of m
ater
ial i
s fo
r re
sear
ch a
nd s
cien
tific
inve
stig
atio
n of
ar
chae
olog
ical
shi
pwre
ck d
epos
its; a
nd
•th
e ac
tivity
is n
ot c
over
ed b
y ru
le 1
5 16
.
Sal
vag
e, r
emo
val o
f any
par
t o
r d
emo
litio
n 16
•
the
activ
ity is
pro
vide
d fo
r by
the
mar
ine
Res
erve
(Auc
klan
d is
land
s/m
otu
mah
a) o
rder
200
3 d
iscr
etio
nary
1,
2, 3
, 15,
16,
17,
of
a s
hipw
reck
, and
rela
ted
dist
urba
nce
of th
e
25
, 26,
27,
29,
30,
fo
resh
ore
and
sea
bed
in th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
31, 3
2, 3
3, 3
4, 3
5,
area
of t
he A
uckl
and
isla
nds/
mot
u m
aha
36, 3
7, 3
8, 4
0,41
,
mar
ine
Res
erve
42
, 43,
44,
45
Sal
vag
e, r
emo
val o
f any
par
t o
r d
emo
litio
n 17
P
rohi
bite
d 40
of
a s
hipw
reck
, and
rela
ted
dist
urba
nce
of th
e
fore
shor
e an
d s
eabe
d in
the
coas
tal m
arin
e ar
ea
of th
e S
uban
tarc
tic a
nd K
erm
adec
isla
nds
unle
ss
the
activ
ity c
omes
with
in r
ules
14
15 o
r 15
16
abov
e
Ship
wre
cks
28 A
dvic
e N
ote
1:
App
rova
l of t
he D
irect
or-G
ener
al o
f Con
serv
atio
n m
ay n
eed
to b
e ob
tain
ed fo
r sal
vage
or r
emov
al o
f all
or p
arts
of s
hipw
reck
s with
in th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
of t
he A
uckl
and
Isla
nds,
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith th
e M
arin
e Re
serv
e (A
uckl
and
Isla
nds/
Mot
u M
aha)
Ord
er 2
003.
An
auth
oris
atio
n fro
m th
e D
irect
or-G
ener
al o
f the
Dep
artm
ent o
f Con
serv
atio
n m
ay n
eed
to b
e ob
tain
ed fo
r sal
vage
or r
emov
al o
f all
or p
arts
of s
hipw
reck
s with
in
the
coas
tal m
arin
e ar
ea o
f any
oth
er m
arin
e re
serv
e, su
ch a
s the
Ker
mad
ec Is
land
s Mar
ine
Rese
rve
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith th
e M
arin
e Re
serv
es A
ct 19
71.
Adv
ice
Not
e 2:
M
any
site
s of c
ultu
ral a
nd h
isto
ric h
erita
ge, in
clud
ing
ship
wre
cks,
are
arch
aeol
ogic
al si
tes t
hat a
re su
bjec
t to
the
prov
isio
ns o
f the
His
toric
Pla
ces A
ct 19
93, a
nd m
ay b
e re
cord
ed o
n th
e Re
gist
er o
f His
toric
Pl
aces
, his
toric
are
as, w
āhi t
apu
and
wāhi
tapu
are
as. A
utho
rity
is re
quire
d fro
m th
e N
ew Z
eala
nd H
isto
ric P
lace
s Tru
st p
rior t
o an
y ac
tivity
bei
ng u
nder
take
n th
at w
ould
mod
ify, d
amag
e or
des
troy
any
arch
aeol
ogic
al si
te
whe
ther
reco
rded
or n
ot, if
the
site
or w
reck
is p
re-19
00.
Adv
ice
Not
e 3:
Any
cont
empo
rary
ship
wre
cked
ves
sels
will
be
cons
ider
ed a
dep
osit
to th
e fo
resh
ore
and
seab
ed a
nd re
gula
ted
as su
ch u
nder
rule
25
26.
43Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Ac
tiv
ity
R
ul
e
StA
nd
AR
dS
/te
Rm
S/c
on
dit
ion
S
cl
AS
Sif
icA
tio
n
Po
lic
y R
ef.
Min
or
dis
turb
ance
, dam
age
or
des
truc
tion
17 1
8 •
in a
ny 1
2-m
onth
per
iod,
dis
turb
ance
of m
ater
ial d
oes
not:
Per
mitt
ed
2, 3
, 6, 7
, 11,
15,
of f
ore
sho
re a
nd s
eab
ed, i
nclu
ding
any
rem
oval
◦
exc
eed
5 cu
bic
met
res;
or
16
, 17,
25,
26,
40
of s
and,
she
ll, s
hing
le o
r ot
her
natu
ral m
ater
ial
◦e
xcee
d 10
squ
are
met
res;
for
rese
arch
• W
orks
do
not i
nvol
ve th
e di
stur
banc
e of
a s
ite li
sted
in A
ppen
dix
2
Min
or
dis
turb
ance
, dam
age
or
des
truc
tion
18 1
9 •
dis
turb
ance
is m
ore
than
300
met
res
from
mH
WS
and
100
met
res
deep
P
erm
itted
2,
3, 6
, 7, 1
1, 1
5,
of s
eab
ed, i
nclu
ding
any
rem
oval
of s
and,
• in
any
12-
mon
th p
erio
d, d
istu
rban
ce o
f mat
eria
l doe
s no
t:
23, 2
4 sh
ell,
shin
gle
or o
ther
nat
ural
mat
eria
l fo
r re
sear
ch
◦e
xcee
d 30
0 cu
bic
met
res;
or
◦
exc
eed
6000
squ
are
met
res;
•
Wor
ks d
o no
t inv
olve
the
dist
urba
nce
of a
site
list
ed in
App
endi
x 2
Dis
turb
ance
, dam
age
or
des
truc
tion
of
19 2
0 W
orks
may
onl
y be
und
erta
ken:
d
iscr
etio
nary
1,
2, 3
, 6, 7
, 11,
16,
fo
resh
ore
and
seab
ed in
volv
ing
a si
te li
sted
• in
acc
orda
nce
with
the
requ
irem
ents
of a
con
serv
atio
n P
lan
as a
ppro
ved
by th
e
22, 2
3, 2
4, 2
5, 2
6,
in A
ppen
dix
2
dep
artm
ent o
f con
serv
atio
n an
d th
e H
isto
ric P
lace
s tr
ust;
and
29
, 30,
31,
32,
33,
•
the
wor
k is
to b
e un
dert
aken
by
or o
n be
half
of th
e d
epar
tmen
t of c
onse
rvat
ion
34
, 36,
37,
38,
40,
42, 4
2, 4
3, 4
4, 4
5,
46
Oth
er d
istu
rban
ce, o
r d
amag
e o
r d
estr
uctio
n 20
21
dis
cret
iona
ry
1, 2
, 3, 6
, 7, 1
1, 1
6,
of fo
resh
ore
and
seab
ed, i
nclu
ding
any
rem
oval
of
22, 2
3, 2
4, 2
5, 2
6,
sand
, she
ll, s
hing
le o
r ot
her
natu
ral m
ater
ial,
29
, 30,
31,
32,
33,
w
here
the
dist
urba
nce,
dam
age
or d
estr
uctio
n
34, 3
6, 3
7, 3
8, 4
0,
is re
stric
ted
by s
ectio
ns 1
2(1)
(c) o
r 12
(1)(e
) of
42, 4
2, 4
3, 4
4, 4
5,
the
Act
, or
rem
oval
of s
and,
she
ll, s
hing
le o
r
46
othe
r na
tura
l mat
eria
l is
rest
ricte
d b
y se
ctio
n 12
(2)
of th
e A
ct
dis
turb
ance
Not
e 1:
A
ny d
istu
rban
ce a
ctiv
ities
in a
Mar
ine
Rese
rve
will
requ
ire a
sep
arat
e au
thor
isat
ion
from
the
Dire
ctor
-Gen
eral
of C
onse
rvat
ion
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith th
e M
arin
e Re
serv
es A
ct 19
71,
un
der t
he M
arin
e Re
serv
e Re
gula
tions
.
Not
e 2:
A
rcha
eolo
gica
l site
s as
soci
ated
with
hum
an a
ctiv
ity th
at o
ccur
red
befo
re 19
00 a
re p
rote
cted
by
the
His
tori
c Pl
aces
Act
1993
. An
arch
aeol
ogic
al a
utho
rity
will
be
requ
ired
from
the
New
Zea
land
His
tori
c Pl
aces
Tru
st to
des
troy
, dam
age
or m
odify
thes
e si
tes.
44 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Use
of w
ater
Ac
tiv
ity
R
ul
e
StA
nd
AR
dS
/te
Rm
S/c
on
dit
ion
S
cl
AS
Sif
icA
tio
n
Po
lic
y R
ef.
taki
ng o
r us
e of
op
en c
oast
al w
ater
or
wat
er in
21
22
• n
ot fo
r ex
trac
tion
of c
onst
ituen
ts o
f wat
er o
ther
than
for
conv
ersi
on
Per
mitt
ed
emba
ymen
ts, h
arbo
urs
or in
lets
to
fres
hwat
er fo
r us
e on
a v
esse
l
taki
ng, u
se, d
amm
ing
or d
iver
sion
of c
oast
al
22 2
3
d
iscr
etio
nary
1,
2, 3
, 6, 7
, 11,
29,
w
ater
in e
stua
ries,
or
wat
er fr
om a
n aq
uife
r,
30, 3
1, 3
2, 3
3, 3
4,
excl
udin
g th
e ta
king
or
use
of w
ater
that
is
36, 3
7, 3
8, 4
0 al
low
ed b
y se
ctio
ns 1
4(3)
(d) o
r (e
) of t
he A
ct; o
r
fr
om a
ny w
ater
for
the
purp
ose
of e
xtra
ctin
g
cons
titue
nts
of w
ater
Ac
tiv
ity
R
ul
e
StA
nd
AR
dS
/te
Rm
S/c
on
dit
ion
S
cl
AS
Sif
icA
tio
n
Po
lic
y R
ef.
intr
oduc
tion
of a
ny s
pec
ies
of fl
ora
and
faun
a 23
24
Pro
hibi
ted
1, 2
, 3
new
to th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
s of
the
Sub
anta
rctic
and
Ker
mad
ec is
land
s
har
mfu
l or
inva
sive
spe
cies
Ac
tiv
ity
R
ul
e
StA
nd
AR
dS
/te
Rm
S/c
on
dit
ion
S
cl
AS
Sif
icA
tio
n
Po
lic
y R
ef.
dep
osit
of a
sub
stan
ce fr
om th
e sc
rap
ing
and
/or
24 2
5
P
rohi
bite
d d
iscr
etio
nary
1, 2
, 3, 7
, 15,
26,
29,
clea
ning
of a
shi
p (w
heth
er a
bove
or
belo
w
30
, 31,
32,
33,
34,
th
e w
ater
sur
face
) to
the
fore
shor
e an
d se
abed
29
36
, 37,
40
Oth
er d
epo
sits
of a
sub
stan
ce o
n th
e fo
resh
ore
25 2
6
d
iscr
etio
nary
1,
2, 3
, 7, 1
5, 2
6, 2
9,
and
seab
ed, i
nclu
ding
any
shi
pw
reck
ed v
esse
l,
30
, 31,
32,
33,
34,
that
is re
stric
ted
by S
ectio
n 12
(1)(d
) of t
he A
ct
36
, 37,
40
dep
osit
ion
Not
e 1:
Th
e Re
sour
ce M
anag
emen
t (M
arin
e Po
llutio
n) R
egul
atio
ns 19
98 (p
ursu
ant t
o se
ctio
n 36
0(1)
(a) a
nd (h
a) to
(hh)
of t
he R
esou
rce
Man
agem
ent A
ct 19
91) a
s re
ferr
ed to
abo
ve in
rela
tion
to d
isch
arge
s, al
so re
gula
te d
umpi
ng fr
om s
hips
and
offs
hore
inst
alla
tions
. Pa
rt 2
cla
use
4(2)
of t
hose
reg
ulat
ions
list
s w
aste
or o
ther
mat
ter t
hat a
re d
eem
ed to
be
disc
retio
nary
act
iviti
es fo
r dum
ping
in re
gion
al c
oast
al p
lans
.
29 R
efer
to re
gula
tion
4(2)
(f) o
f the
Res
ourc
e m
anag
emen
t (m
arin
e P
ollu
tion)
Reg
ulat
ions
199
8.
45Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Tem
pora
ry r
ules
for
hull
and
nich
e ar
ea fo
ulin
gN
ote
1:
Thes
e ru
les
A a
nd B
app
ly u
ntil
1 yea
r afte
r thi
s pl
an b
ecom
es o
pera
tive,
at w
hich
tim
e th
ese
rule
s w
ill e
xpire
, and
rule
s 26
27
to 2
8 29
bel
ow w
ill h
ave
effec
t. Th
ese
rule
s ar
e su
bjec
t to
the
surf
ace
wat
er a
ctiv
ities
rule
s co
ntro
lling
acc
ess,
rule
s 29
30
to 5
9, a
nd a
ll ot
her r
ules
in th
is p
lan.
Ac
tiv
ity
R
ul
e
StA
nd
AR
dS
/te
Rm
S/c
on
dit
ion
S
cl
AS
Sif
icA
tio
n
Po
lic
y R
ef.
Acc
ess
to th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
of t
he
A
Vess
els
Mus
t S
atis
fy P
AR
T O
NE
, and
the
n o
ne o
f PA
RT
S T
WO
, TH
RE
E o
r FO
UR
. P
erm
itted
act
ivity
unt
il 2,
3S
uban
tarc
tic a
nd/o
r K
erm
adec
isla
nds
with
in
1 ye
ar a
fter
this
pla
n10
00 m
etre
s o
f mH
WS
by
vess
els
that
com
ply
PA
RT
ON
E
beco
mes
ope
rativ
ew
ith a
ll ot
her
rule
s in
this
pla
n
doc
umen
tatio
n de
mon
stra
ting
that
the
vess
el h
as a
n an
ti-fo
ulin
g sy
stem
that
has
bee
n ap
plie
d
(R
efer
flow
char
ts (f
igur
es 2
and
3) a
t end
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith th
e m
anuf
actu
rer’s
inst
ruct
ions
, and
will
be
with
in th
e m
anuf
actu
rer’s
tim
efra
me
of R
ules
sec
tion.
)
of e
ffect
iven
ess
for
the
time
perio
d th
e ve
ssel
rem
ains
with
in 1
000
met
res
of m
HW
S o
f the
isla
nds
is
pr
ovid
ed to
the
dep
artm
ent o
f con
serv
atio
n A
rea
man
ager
EIT
HE
R:
• at
leas
t 1 w
eek
prio
r to
acc
ess
with
in 1
000
met
res
from
mH
WS
of t
he is
land
s;
OR
•
an it
iner
ary
of in
tend
ed tr
ips
for
a de
fined
per
iod
of ti
me
not e
xcee
ding
12
mon
ths
is p
rovi
ded
at th
e
b
egin
ning
of t
he p
erio
d of
tim
e sp
ecifi
ed; a
nd
• an
em
ail o
r fa
csim
ile is
sen
t to
the
dep
artm
ent o
f con
serv
atio
n no
mor
e th
an 1
wee
k pr
ior
to d
epar
ture
for
the
coas
tal m
arin
e ar
ea o
f the
isla
nds
notif
ying
the
dep
artm
ent o
f int
ende
d de
part
ure
OR
•
in c
ircum
stan
ces
whe
re a
com
pany
has
a fl
eet o
f ves
sels
that
und
erta
ke m
ultip
le tr
ips
in a
cale
ndar
yea
r, on
or
befo
re 1
Jul
y ea
ch y
ear,
and
det
ails
of t
rip d
ates
and
dur
atio
n th
at v
esse
ls w
ere
in
side
100
0 m
etre
s se
awar
d of
mH
WS
are
to b
e su
pplie
d to
the
dep
artm
ent o
f con
serv
atio
n an
nual
ly,
w
hen
req
uest
ed b
y th
e d
epar
tmen
t.
PAR
T T
WO
P
rovi
ded
that
, sin
ce it
s la
st c
ertifi
catio
n of
a c
lean
hul
l and
nic
he a
reas
:
◦ th
e ve
ssel
has
not
ent
ered
ano
ther
nat
ion’
s te
rrito
rial S
ea; o
R
◦
if th
e ve
ssel
has
retu
rned
dire
ctly
from
Ant
arct
ica,
it h
as n
ot s
taye
d m
ore
than
48
hour
s in
any
loca
tion
in m
ainl
and
new
Zea
land
bef
ore
retu
rnin
g to
the
isla
nds;
oR
◦ if
the
vess
el h
as v
isite
d m
acqu
arie
isla
nd, i
t has
anc
hore
d or
ste
amed
off
the
coas
t of m
acqu
arie
for
less
th
an 4
8 ho
urs
and/
or 1
00 m
etre
s or
mor
e fr
om p
erm
anen
t str
uctu
res
An
d
◦
ther
e is
no
visi
ble
foul
ing
beyo
nd a
slim
e la
yer
in-b
etw
een
insp
ectio
ns;
AN
D E
ITH
ER
th
e ve
ssel
’s a
nti-
foul
ing
is le
ss t
han
12 m
ont
hs o
ld fo
r th
e du
ratio
n of
the
time
that
the
vess
el re
mai
ns w
ithin
10
00 m
etre
s of
mH
WS
of t
he is
land
s—pr
ovid
ed th
at a
fter
6 m
onth
s fr
om th
e da
te o
f app
licat
ion
of th
e an
ti-fo
ulin
g
th
e ve
ssel
has
cer
tified
cle
an h
ull a
nd n
iche
are
as b
y di
ver
insp
ectio
n co
mpl
eted
by
a di
ve s
ervi
ce p
rovi
der
app
rove
d by
the
min
iste
r of
con
serv
atio
n, u
sing
the
form
incl
uded
in A
ppen
dix
3, a
nd th
e co
mpl
eted
form
is
pro
vide
d to
the
dep
artm
ent o
f con
serv
atio
n A
rea
man
ager
bef
ore
acce
ss in
side
100
0 m
etre
s fr
om m
HW
S.
if th
e di
ve in
spec
tion
finds
vis
ible
foul
ing
on th
e hu
ll be
yond
a s
lime
laye
r an
d th
at fo
ulin
g is
abl
e to
be
rem
oved
fr
om th
e ve
ssel
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith a
ny re
quire
men
ts o
f the
regi
onal
coa
stal
pla
n re
leva
nt to
the
site
of r
emov
al,
the
insp
ectio
n ca
n be
com
plet
ed;
OR
Con
tinue
d on
nex
t pag
e
46 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Ac
tiv
ity
R
ul
e
StA
nd
AR
dS
/te
Rm
S/c
on
dit
ion
S
cl
AS
Sif
icA
tio
n
Po
lic
y R
ef.
the
vess
el’s
ant
i-fo
ulin
g is
mo
re t
han
12 m
ont
hs o
ld b
ut h
as c
ertifi
ed c
lean
hul
l and
nic
he a
reas
by
dive
r
insp
ectio
n co
mpl
eted
by
a di
ve s
ervi
ce p
rovi
der
appr
oved
by
the
min
iste
r of
con
serv
atio
n, u
sing
the
form
incl
uded
in A
ppen
dix
3, v
alid
for
3 m
onth
s fr
om th
e da
te o
f the
insp
ectio
n an
d fo
r th
e du
ratio
n of
the
time
that
the
vess
el is
with
in 1
000
met
res
of m
HW
S o
f the
isla
nds,
and
the
com
plet
ed fo
rm is
pro
vide
d to
the
dep
artm
ent o
f con
serv
atio
n A
rea
man
ager
bef
ore
acce
ss in
side
100
0 m
etre
s fr
om m
HW
S. i
f the
div
e
insp
ectio
n sh
ows
visi
ble
foul
ing
on th
e hu
ll be
yond
a s
lime
laye
r, th
at fo
ulin
g is
abl
e to
be
rem
oved
from
the
vess
el in
acc
orda
nce
with
any
requ
irem
ents
of t
he re
gion
al c
oast
al p
lan
rele
vant
to th
e si
te o
f
rem
oval
, the
insp
ectio
n ca
n be
com
plet
ed.
PAR
T T
HR
EE
IF, s
ince
its
last
cer
tifica
tion
of a
cle
an h
ull a
nd n
iche
are
as:
◦
the
vess
el h
as e
nter
ed a
noth
er n
atio
n’s
terr
itoria
l Sea
; oR
◦
if th
e ve
ssel
has
retu
rned
dire
ctly
from
Ant
arct
ica
and
it ha
s st
ayed
mor
e th
an 4
8 ho
urs
in a
ny lo
catio
n
in m
ainl
and
new
Zea
land
bef
ore
retu
rnin
g to
the
isla
nds;
oR
◦ if
the
vess
el h
as v
isite
d m
acqu
arie
isla
nd, i
t has
anc
hore
d or
ste
amed
off
the
coas
t of m
acqu
arie
for
mor
e th
an 4
8 ho
urs
and/
or c
lose
r th
an 1
00 m
etre
s fr
om p
erm
anen
t str
uctu
res;
TH
EN
the
vess
el m
ust h
ave
a ce
rtifi
ed c
lean
hul
l and
nic
he a
reas
by
dive
r in
spec
tion
com
plet
ed b
y a
dive
serv
ice
prov
ider
app
rove
d by
the
min
iste
r of
con
serv
atio
n, u
sing
the
form
incl
uded
in A
ppen
dix
3, a
nd
the
com
plet
ed fo
rm is
pro
vide
d to
the
dep
artm
ent o
f con
serv
atio
n A
rea
man
ager
bef
ore
entr
y in
side
1000
met
res
from
mH
WS
. if t
he d
ive
insp
ectio
n sh
ows
visi
ble
foul
ing
on th
e hu
ll be
yond
a s
lime
laye
r, th
at
foul
ing
is a
ble
to b
e re
mov
ed fr
om th
e ve
ssel
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith a
ny re
quire
men
ts o
f the
regi
onal
coa
stal
pla
n re
leva
nt to
the
site
of r
emov
al, t
he in
spec
tion
can
be c
ompl
eted
.
PAR
T F
OU
R
the
vess
el c
ompl
etes
an
inde
pend
ent r
isk
asse
ssm
ent a
s pe
r th
e re
com
men
datio
ns o
f the
niW
A re
port
‘d
evel
opm
ent o
f a t
empl
ate
for
vess
el H
ull i
nspe
ctio
ns a
nd A
sses
smen
ts o
f Bio
secu
rity
Ris
ks to
the
K
erm
adec
and
Sub
-Ant
arct
ic is
land
s R
egio
ns’30
and
pro
vide
s a
copy
of t
hat a
sses
smen
t to
the
d
epar
tmen
t of c
onse
rvat
ion
Are
a m
anag
er b
efor
e en
try
insi
de 1
000
met
res
from
mH
WS
, if t
he v
esse
l
ca
nnot
sat
isfy
par
ts t
Wo
or
tHR
ee
, or
as a
n al
tern
ativ
e to
par
ts t
Wo
or
tHR
ee
.
Acc
ess
to th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
of t
he
B
dis
cret
iona
ry
1, 2
, 3
Sub
anta
rctic
isla
nds
with
in 1
000
met
res
of
mea
n hi
gh
wat
er s
pri
ngs
by v
esse
ls th
at d
o no
t co
mpl
y w
ith r
ule
A o
r ru
les
26 2
7 to
28
29 a
nd
com
ply
with
all
othe
r ru
les
in th
is p
lan
Tem
pora
ry ru
les f
or h
ull a
nd n
iche
are
a fo
ulin
g—co
ntin
ued
30
floe
rl, o
.; W
ilken
s, S
.; in
glis
, G. 2
010:
dev
elop
men
t of a
tem
pla
te fo
r ve
ssel
hul
l ins
pect
ions
and
ass
essm
ent o
f bio
secu
rity
risks
to th
e K
erm
adec
and
sub
-Ant
arct
ic is
land
s re
gion
s. n
iWA
repo
rt n
o. c
Hc
2010
086
Aug
ust 2
010.
47Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Ac
tiv
ity
R
ul
e
StA
nd
AR
dS
/te
Rm
S/c
on
dit
ion
S
cl
AS
Sif
icA
tio
n
Po
lic
y R
ef.
Acc
ess
to th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
of t
he
27
Vess
els
Mus
t S
atis
fy P
AR
T O
NE
, and
the
n o
ne o
f PA
RT
S T
WO
or
TH
RE
E
Per
mitt
ed
2, 3
S
uban
tarc
tic a
nd/o
r K
erm
adec
isla
nds
w
ithin
100
0 m
etre
s o
f MH
WS
by
vess
els
PAR
T O
NE
ex
cep
t ya
chts
, and
the
vess
els
com
ply
with
doc
umen
tatio
n de
mon
stra
ting
that
the
vess
el h
as a
n an
ti-fo
ulin
g sy
stem
that
has
bee
n ap
plie
d in
al
l oth
er r
ules
in th
is p
lan
ac
cord
ance
with
the
man
ufac
ture
r’s in
stru
ctio
ns, a
nd w
ill b
e w
ithin
the
man
ufac
ture
r’s ti
mef
ram
e (R
efer
flow
char
ts (f
igur
es 2
and
3) a
t end
of e
ffect
iven
ess
for
the
time
perio
d th
e ve
ssel
rem
ains
with
in 1
000
met
res
of m
HW
S o
f the
isla
nds
of R
ules
sec
tion)
is p
rovi
ded
to th
e d
epar
tmen
t of c
onse
rvat
ion
Are
a m
anag
er E
ITH
ER
:
•
at le
ast 1
wee
k pr
ior
to a
cces
s w
ithin
100
0 m
etre
s fr
om m
HW
S o
f the
isla
nds;
o
R
• an
itin
erar
y of
inte
nded
trip
s fo
r a
defin
ed p
erio
d of
tim
e no
t exc
eedi
ng 1
2 m
onth
s is
pro
vide
d
at
the
begi
nnin
g of
the
perio
d of
tim
e sp
ecifi
ed; a
nd
• an
em
ail o
r fa
csim
ile is
sen
t to
the
dep
artm
ent o
f con
serv
atio
n no
mor
e th
an 1
wee
k pr
ior
to
de
par
ture
for
the
coas
tal m
arin
e ar
ea o
f the
isla
nds
notif
ying
the
dep
artm
ent o
f int
ende
d de
part
ure;
o
R
• in
circ
umst
ance
s w
here
a c
ompa
ny h
as a
flee
t of v
esse
ls th
at u
nder
take
mul
tiple
trip
s in
a c
alen
dar
ye
ar, o
n or
bef
ore
1 Ju
ly e
ach
year
, and
det
ails
of t
rip d
ates
and
dur
atio
n th
at v
esse
ls a
re in
side
1000
met
res
seaw
ard
of m
HW
S a
re to
be
supp
lied
to th
e d
epar
tmen
t of c
onse
rvat
ion
annu
ally
,
whe
n re
que
sted
by
the
dep
artm
ent.
PAR
t tW
o
Pro
vide
d th
at:
◦
the
vess
el h
as n
ot e
nter
ed a
noth
er n
atio
n’s
terr
itoria
l Sea
sin
ce it
s la
st c
ertifi
catio
n of
a c
lean
hul
l
an
d ni
che
area
s; o
R
◦
if th
e ve
ssel
has
retu
rned
dire
ctly
from
Ant
arct
ica,
it h
as n
ot s
taye
d m
ore
than
48
hour
s in
any
lo
catio
n in
mai
nlan
d n
ew Z
eala
nd b
efor
e re
turn
ing
to th
e is
land
s; o
R
◦
if th
e ve
ssel
has
vis
ited
mac
quar
ie is
land
, it h
as a
ncho
red
or s
team
ed o
ff th
e co
ast o
f mac
quar
ie
for
less
than
48
hour
s an
d/or
100
met
res
or m
ore
from
per
man
ent s
truc
ture
s A
nd
◦ th
ere
is n
o vi
sibl
e fo
ulin
g be
yond
a s
lime
laye
r in
-bet
wee
n in
spec
tions
;
A
ND
EIT
HE
R
the
vess
el’s
ant
i-fo
ulin
g is
less
tha
n 12
mo
nths
old
for
the
dura
tion
of th
e tim
e th
at th
e ve
ssel
rem
ains
w
ithin
100
0 m
etre
s of
mH
WS
of t
he is
land
s—pr
ovid
ed th
at a
fter
6 m
onth
s fr
om th
e da
te o
f app
licat
on
of th
e an
ti-fo
ulin
g th
e ve
ssel
has
cer
tified
cle
an h
ull a
nd n
iche
are
as b
y di
ver
insp
ectio
n co
mpl
eted
by
a
di
ve s
ervi
ce p
rovi
der
appr
oved
by
the
min
iste
r of
con
serv
atio
n us
ing
the
form
incl
uded
in A
ppen
dix
4,
and
the
com
plet
ed fo
rm is
pro
vide
d to
the
dep
artm
ent o
f con
serv
atio
n A
rea
man
ager
bef
ore
acce
ss
insi
de 1
000
met
res
from
mH
WS
. if t
he d
ive
insp
ectio
n fin
ds v
isib
le fo
ulin
g on
the
hull
beyo
nd a
slim
e
la
yer
and
that
foul
ing
is a
ble
to b
e re
mov
ed fr
om th
e ve
ssel
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith a
ny re
quire
men
ts
of th
e re
gion
al c
oast
al p
lan
rele
vant
to th
e si
te o
f rem
oval
, the
insp
ectio
n ca
n be
com
plet
ed;
Con
trol
s on
hul
l and
nic
he a
rea
foul
ing
Not
e 1:
Th
e ru
les
26 2
7 to
28
29 b
elow
set o
ut th
e re
quire
men
ts fo
r cle
an h
ull a
nd n
iche
are
a m
aint
enan
ce to
man
age
the
risk
of in
trod
ucin
g ha
rmfu
l and
/or i
nvas
ive
orga
nism
s, an
d do
not
have
effe
ct u
ntil
1 yea
r afte
r thi
s pl
an b
ecom
es o
pera
tive.
The
se ru
les
are
in a
dditi
on to
the
surf
ace
wat
er a
ctiv
ities
rule
s co
ntro
lling
acc
ess,
rule
s 29
30
to 5
9, a
nd a
ll ot
her r
ules
in th
is p
lan.
Con
tinue
d on
nex
t pag
e
48 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Con
trol
s on
hull
and
nich
e ar
ea fo
ulin
g—co
ntin
ued
OR
th
e ve
ssel
’s a
nti-
foul
ing
is m
ore
than
12
mon
ths
old
but h
as c
ertifi
ed c
lean
hul
l and
nic
he a
reas
by
dive
r in
spec
tion
com
plet
ed b
y a
dive
ser
vice
pro
vide
r ap
prov
ed b
y th
e m
inis
ter
of c
onse
rvat
ion
usin
g
th
e fo
rm in
clud
ed in
App
endi
x 4,
val
id fo
r 3
mon
ths
from
the
date
of t
he in
spec
tion
and
for
the
dura
tion
of th
e tim
e th
at th
e ve
ssel
is w
ithin
100
0 m
etre
s of
mH
WS
of t
he is
land
s, is
pro
vide
d to
the
dep
artm
ent
of c
onse
rvat
ion
Are
a m
anag
er b
efor
e ac
cess
insi
de 1
000
met
res
from
mH
WS
.
if th
e di
ve in
spec
tion
show
s vi
sibl
e fo
ulin
g on
the
hull
beyo
nd a
slim
e la
yer,
that
foul
ing
is a
ble
to b
e
re
mov
ed fr
om th
e ve
ssel
in a
ccor
danc
e w
ith a
ny re
quire
men
ts o
f the
regi
onal
coa
stal
pla
n re
leva
nt
to th
e si
te o
f rem
oval
, the
insp
ectio
n ca
n be
com
plet
ed.
PAR
T T
HR
EE
◦
if th
e ve
ssel
has
ent
ered
ano
ther
nat
ion’
s te
rrito
rial S
ea s
ince
its
last
cer
tifica
tion
of a
cle
an h
ull a
nd
nich
e ar
eas;
oR
◦ if
the
vess
el h
as re
turn
ed d
irect
ly fr
om A
ntar
ctic
a an
d it
has
stay
ed m
ore
than
48
hour
s in
any
lo
catio
n in
mai
nlan
d n
ew Z
eala
nd b
efor
e re
turn
ing
to th
e is
land
s; o
R
◦
if th
e ve
ssel
has
vis
ited
mac
quar
ie is
land
, it h
as a
ncho
red
or s
team
ed o
ff th
e co
ast o
f mac
quar
ie fo
r
m
ore
than
48
hour
s an
d/or
clo
ser
than
100
met
res
from
per
man
ent s
truc
ture
s;
then
:
th
e ve
ssel
mus
t hav
e a
cert
ified
cle
an h
ull a
nd n
iche
are
as b
y di
ver
insp
ectio
n co
mpl
eted
by
a di
ve
serv
ice
prov
ider
app
rove
d by
the
min
iste
r of
con
serv
atio
n, u
sing
the
form
incl
uded
in A
ppen
dix
4, a
nd
the
com
plet
ed fo
rm is
pro
vide
d to
the
dep
artm
ent o
f con
serv
atio
n A
rea
man
ager
bef
ore
acce
ss in
side
10
00 m
etre
s fr
om m
HW
S; a
nd if
the
dive
insp
ectio
n sh
ows
visi
ble
foul
ing
on th
e hu
ll be
yond
a s
lime
laye
r, th
at fo
ulin
g is
abl
e to
be
rem
oved
from
the
vess
el in
acc
orda
nce
with
any
requ
irem
ents
of t
he
regi
onal
coa
stal
pla
n re
leva
nt to
the
site
of r
emov
al, t
he in
spec
tion
can
be c
ompl
eted
.
Acc
ess
to th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
of t
he
27 2
8 •
yach
t has
had
a fu
ll an
ti-fo
ulin
g sy
stem
app
lied
at le
ast o
nce
in th
e pr
evio
us 1
2 m
onth
s P
erm
itted
2,
3
Ker
mad
ec a
nd/o
r S
uban
tarc
tic is
land
s
an
d ev
iden
ce o
f thi
s is
pro
vide
d w
ith th
e co
mpl
eted
insp
ectio
n fo
rm in
App
endi
x 4,
whi
ch is
w
ithin
100
0 m
etre
s of
mH
WS
by
yach
ts,
prov
ided
to th
e d
epar
tmen
t of c
onse
rvat
ion
Are
a m
anag
er b
efor
e ac
cess
insi
de 1
000
met
res
and
the
vess
els
com
ply
with
all
othe
r ru
les
from
mH
WS
in
this
pla
n
AN
D E
ITH
ER
•
yach
t has
a c
ertifi
ed c
lean
hul
l eith
er w
hile
in d
ry d
ock
or b
y di
ver
insp
ectio
n co
mpl
eted
by
a di
ve
se
rvic
e pr
ovid
er a
ppro
ved
by th
e m
inis
ter
of c
onse
rvat
ion,
usi
ng th
e fo
rm in
clud
ed in
App
endi
x 4,
valid
for
3 m
onth
s fr
om th
e da
te o
f ins
pect
ion
for
the
dura
tion
of ti
me
that
the
vess
el re
mai
ns
w
ithin
100
0 m
etre
s of
mH
WS
of t
he is
land
s an
d pr
ovid
ed to
the
dep
artm
ent o
f con
serv
atio
n
Are
a m
anag
er b
efor
e ac
cess
insi
de 1
000
met
res
from
mH
WS
,
•
vess
el h
as b
een
thor
ough
ly c
heck
ed fo
r ha
rmfu
l org
anis
ms
abov
e th
e w
ater
line
and
is fr
ee o
f
harm
ful p
lant
s an
d an
imal
s (in
clud
ing
inse
cts)
O
R
• ya
cht c
ould
cho
ose
to th
orou
ghly
has
had
a th
orou
gh w
ater
bla
st c
lean
no
mor
e th
an 1
wee
k pr
ior
to
d
epar
ture
for
the
isla
nds
and
have
has
had
the
dive
r in
spec
tion
form
in A
ppen
dix
4 co
mpl
eted
by
an
in
dep
ende
nt p
erso
n ap
prov
ed in
adv
ance
, and
pro
vide
d to
the
dep
artm
ent o
f con
serv
atio
n A
rea
man
ager
befo
re a
cces
s in
side
100
0 m
etre
s fr
om m
HW
S, a
s an
alte
rnat
ive
to th
e ce
rtifi
ed c
lean
hul
l and
nic
he a
reas
as re
quire
d in
rul
e 26
.
Ac
tiv
ity
R
ul
e
StA
nd
AR
dS
/te
Rm
S/c
on
dit
ion
S
cl
AS
Sif
icA
tio
n
Po
lic
y R
ef.
Con
tinue
d on
nex
t pag
e
49Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Ac
tiv
ity
R
ul
e
StA
nd
AR
dS
/te
Rm
S/c
on
dit
ion
S
cl
AS
Sif
icA
tio
n
Po
lic
y R
ef.
Acc
ess
to a
nd a
ncho
ring
in th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
29
30
• ve
ssel
has
bee
n th
orou
ghly
che
cked
for
harm
ful o
rgan
ism
s ab
ove
the
wat
erlin
e, a
nd is
free
of
Per
mitt
ed
2, 3
, 6, 7
, 8, 1
1, 3
6
of th
e S
uban
tarc
tic is
land
s by
ves
sels
invo
lved
in
harm
ful p
lant
s an
d an
imal
s (in
clud
ing
inse
cts)
man
agem
ent
op
erat
ions
act
iviti
es a
nd r
esea
rch
•
Suf
ficie
nt q
ualifi
ed p
erso
nnel
to m
ove
the
vess
el if
nee
ded
are
to re
mai
n on
boa
rd th
e ve
ssel
at
for
the
dep
artm
ent c
onse
rvat
ion,
al
l tim
es
incl
udin
g ve
ssel
s of
the
new
Zea
land
nav
y
• A
ctiv
ities
will
not
resu
lt in
any
adv
erse
effe
cts
on a
site
of c
ultu
ral o
r hi
stor
ic h
erita
ge li
sted
in
A
ppen
dix
2
Acc
ess
to a
nd a
ncho
ring
in th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
30
• ve
ssel
has
bee
n th
orou
ghly
che
cked
for
harm
ful o
rgan
ism
s ab
ove
the
wat
erlin
e, a
nd is
free
of
Per
mitt
ed
2, 1
1, 3
3 ar
ea o
f the
Sub
anta
rctic
isla
nds
by v
esse
ls
harm
ful p
lant
s an
d an
imal
s (in
clud
ing
inse
cts)
de
liver
ing
fuel
sup
plie
s in
sea
led
fuel
• S
uffic
ient
qua
lified
per
sonn
el to
mov
e th
e ve
ssel
if n
eede
d ar
e to
rem
ain
on b
oard
the
vess
el a
t
cont
ainm
ent
syst
ems
to th
e
al
l tim
es
Sub
anta
rctic
isla
nds
•
Act
iviti
es w
ill n
ot re
sult
in a
ny a
dver
se e
ffect
s on
a s
ite o
f cul
tura
l or
hist
oric
her
itage
list
ed in
A
ppen
dix
2
Surf
ace
wat
er a
ctiv
itie
s in
the
Suba
ntar
ctic
Isla
nds—
cont
rols
on
acce
ss to
zon
es c
lose
into
sho
re a
nd
acti
viti
esN
ote
1:
Refe
r to
the
plan
ning
map
s fo
r a v
isua
l exp
lana
tion
and
area
l ext
ent o
f the
follo
win
g su
rfac
e w
ater
acc
ess
rule
s.
Not
e 2:
Th
e su
rfac
e w
ater
act
ivity
rule
s in
this
pla
n do
not
app
ly to
ves
sels
of t
he N
ew Z
eala
nd N
avy
whe
n in
volv
ed in
act
iviti
es fo
r any
of t
he p
urpo
ses
liste
d in
sec
tion
5 of
the
Def
ence
Act
1990
.
Not
e 3:
Th
e fo
llow
ing
surf
ace
wat
er a
cces
s ru
les
are
in a
dditi
on to
oth
er ru
les
in th
is p
lan,
par
ticul
arly
rule
s A
and
B a
nd ru
les
26 2
7 to
28
29 re
gard
ing
foul
ing
of h
ulls
and
nic
he a
reas
.
Not
e 4:
Sp
eed
is re
stri
cted
to 5
kno
ts w
ithin
200
met
res
of m
ean
high
wat
er s
prin
gs (M
HW
S) a
nd w
ithin
200
met
res
of a
ny m
arin
e m
amm
al in
acc
orda
nce
with
mar
itim
e ru
les
unde
r the
Mar
itim
e Tr
ansp
ort A
ct 19
94 a
nd re
gula
tions
und
er th
e M
arin
e M
amm
als
Prot
ectio
n A
ct 19
78.
Not
e 5:
Th
e M
aste
r of a
ny v
esse
l ent
erin
g an
y of
the
harb
ours
of t
he S
uban
tarc
tic Is
land
s ne
eds
to ta
ke p
artic
ular
acc
ount
of t
he a
ffect
of s
tron
g w
inds
Con
tinue
d on
nex
t pag
e
31
Refe
r to
the
sect
ion
on ‘I
nfor
mat
ion
to b
e su
bmitt
ed w
ith a
coa
stal
per
mit
appl
icat
ion’
rega
rdin
g th
e ris
k as
sess
men
t tha
t sho
uld
be c
ompl
eted
to a
sses
s eff
ects
on
the
envi
ronm
ent.
Acc
ess
to th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
of t
he
28 2
9
d
iscr
etio
nary
1,
2, 3
, 5, 2
9, 3
0,
Ker
mad
ec a
nd/o
r S
uban
tarc
tic is
land
s w
ithin
31
, 32,
33,
34
1000
met
res
of M
HW
S b
y an
y ve
ssel
that
eith
er
fa
ils c
ertifi
catio
n of
a c
lean
hul
l and
nic
he a
reas
by
di
ver
insp
ectio
n or
dry
-doc
k cl
eani
ng, o
r ch
oose
s
to
hav
e a
risk
asse
ssm
ent i
nste
ad o
f tha
t div
er
insp
ectio
n an
d co
mpl
ies
with
all
othe
r ru
les
in
this
pla
n31
Ac
tiv
ity
R
ul
e
StA
nd
AR
dS
/te
Rm
S/c
on
dit
ion
S
cl
AS
Sif
icA
tio
n
Po
lic
y R
ef.
Con
trol
s on
hull
and
nich
e ar
ea fo
ulin
g—co
ntin
ued
50 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Ac
tiv
ity
R
ul
e
StA
nd
AR
dS
/te
Rm
S/c
on
dit
ion
S
cl
AS
Sif
icA
tio
n
Po
lic
y R
ef.
Acc
ess
to a
nd a
ncho
ring
in th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
31
•
Res
earc
h is
con
sist
ent w
ith th
e n
ew Z
eala
nd S
uban
tarc
tic is
land
s R
esea
rch
Str
ateg
y 20
03,
Per
mitt
ed
2, 3
, 6, 7
, 8, 1
1, 3
6 of
the
Sub
anta
rctic
isla
nds
by
vess
els
invo
lved
an
d an
y re
quire
d pe
rmits
und
er th
e R
eser
ves
Act
hav
e be
en o
btai
ned
othe
r pe
rmits
that
in
res
earc
h
m
ay b
e re
quire
d un
der
the
Res
erve
s A
ct 1
977
• ve
ssel
has
bee
n th
orou
ghly
che
cked
for
harm
ful o
rgan
ism
s ab
ove
the
wat
erlin
e, a
nd is
free
of h
arm
ful p
lant
s an
d an
imal
s (in
clud
ing
inse
cts)
•
Suf
ficie
nt q
ualifi
ed p
erso
nnel
to m
ove
the
vess
el if
nee
ded
are
to re
mai
n on
boa
rd th
e ve
ssel
at a
ll tim
es
• A
ctiv
ities
will
not
resu
lt in
any
adv
erse
effe
cts
on a
site
of c
ultu
ral o
r hi
stor
ic h
erita
ge li
sted
in
A
ppen
dix
2
Acc
ess
to a
nd a
ncho
ring
in th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
32
• A
cces
s is
for
the
purp
ose
of s
helte
r an
d tr
ansp
ort b
etw
een
shel
terin
g ve
ssel
s P
erm
itted
2,
3, 7
, 8, 3
6 ar
ea o
f the
Sub
anta
rctic
isla
nds
by v
esse
ls u
p to
• A
cces
s is
not
for
the
purp
ose
of c
omm
erci
al m
arin
e m
amm
al w
atch
ing
75
met
res
in le
ngth
, oth
er th
an a
s pr
ovid
ed fo
r in
• ve
ssel
has
bee
n th
orou
ghly
che
cked
for
harm
ful o
rgan
ism
s ab
ove
the
wat
erlin
e, a
nd is
free
of
rule
s 26
30
to a
nd 2
8 31
, to
the
zone
sho
wn
on
harm
ful p
lant
s an
d an
imal
s (in
clud
ing
inse
cts)
m
ap 3
aro
und
Po
rt R
oss
and
end
erby
isla
nd
•
A b
ow w
atch
for
wha
les
will
be
kept
on
vess
els
ente
ring
or d
epar
ting
Por
t Ros
s be
twee
n 1
Apr
il be
twee
n 1
Apr
il an
d 31
oct
ober
eac
h ye
ar
and
31 o
ctob
er
(whe
n so
uthe
rn r
ight
wha
les
are
bre
edin
g
•
Suf
ficie
nt q
ualifi
ed p
erso
nnel
to m
ove
the
vess
el if
nee
ded
are
to re
mai
n on
boa
rd th
e ve
ssel
and
nur
sing
)
at
all
times
•
Act
iviti
es w
ill n
ot re
sult
in a
ny a
dver
se e
ffect
s on
a s
ite o
f cul
tura
l or
hist
oric
her
itage
liste
d in
App
endi
x 2
Acc
ess
to a
nd a
ncho
ring
in th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
33
dis
cret
iona
ry
1, 2
, 3, 7
, 8
area
of t
he S
uban
tarc
tic is
land
s by
ves
sels
75
met
res
or m
ore
in le
ngth
, oth
er th
an a
s pr
ovid
ed fo
r in
rul
es 2
9 to
30
and
31, t
o th
e zo
ne s
how
n on
map
3 a
roun
d P
ort
Ro
ss a
nd e
nder
by is
land
be
twee
n 1
Apr
il an
d 31
oct
ober
eac
h ye
ar (w
hen
sout
hern
rig
ht w
hale
s ar
e b
reed
ing
and
nur
sing
)
Acc
ess
to, b
ut n
ot a
ncho
ring
in, t
he z
one
in th
e 34
d
iscr
etio
nary
1,
2, 3
, 7, 1
5, 1
6, 1
7,
coas
tal m
arin
e ar
ea s
how
n on
map
3 o
f the
18
, 31,
32,
33,
34
Sna
res
isla
nds
by v
esse
ls o
f any
leng
th
1000
met
res
or
mo
re fr
om
MH
WS
for
the
pu
rpos
e of
allo
win
g pa
ssen
gers
to w
atch
t- i
t- i le
avin
g o
r re
turn
ing
to S
nare
s is
land
. (R
efer
ru
le 4
8 fo
r an
exe
mpt
ion
for
vess
els
carr
ying
or
us
ing
heav
y fu
el o
il if
they
hav
e co
nsen
t un
der
this
rul
e.)
Con
tinue
d on
nex
t pag
e
Surf
ace
wate
r act
iviti
es in
the
Suba
ntar
ctic
Isla
nds—
cont
inue
d
51Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Surfa
ce w
ater
act
iviti
es in
the
Suba
ntar
ctic
Isla
nds—
cont
inue
d
Ac
tiv
ity
R
ul
e
StA
nd
AR
dS
/te
Rm
S/c
on
dit
ion
S
cl
AS
Sif
icA
tio
n
Po
lic
y R
ef.
Acc
ess
to th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
of t
he
35
• e
xcep
t in
the
zone
sho
wn
on m
ap 3
aro
und
Por
t Ros
s an
d e
nder
by
isla
nd b
etw
een
1 A
pril
and
Per
mitt
ed
2, 3
, 7, 1
2, 3
6 S
uban
tarc
tic is
land
s by
anc
illar
y cr
aft
31 o
ctob
er e
ach
year
(whe
n so
uthe
rn r
ight
wha
les
are
bree
ding
and
nur
sing
), un
less
in a
ccor
danc
e
w
ith r
ule
33
• ve
ssel
has
bee
n th
orou
ghly
che
cked
for
harm
ful o
rgan
ism
s ab
ove
the
wat
erlin
e, a
nd is
free
of
ha
rmfu
l pla
nts
and
anim
als
(incl
udin
g in
sect
s)
• th
ere
is n
o cr
itica
l res
earc
h un
derw
ay a
t the
tim
e, a
s co
nfirm
ed w
ith th
e A
rea
man
ager
Sou
ther
n is
land
s
•
Act
iviti
es w
ill n
ot re
sult
in a
ny a
dver
se e
ffect
s on
a s
ite o
f cul
tura
l or
hist
oric
her
itage
list
ed in
App
end
ix 2
Acc
ess
to th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
of t
he
36
• ve
ssel
has
bee
n th
orou
ghly
che
cked
for
harm
ful o
rgan
ism
s ab
ove
the
wat
erlin
e, a
nd is
free
of
Per
mitt
ed
2, 3
, 7, 8
, 10,
12,
36
Sub
anta
rctic
isla
nds
by v
esse
ls u
p to
ha
rmfu
l pla
nts
and
anim
als
(incl
udin
g in
sect
s)
75 m
etre
s in
leng
th in
the
zone
MH
WS
out
to
• th
e ve
ssel
doe
s no
t anc
hor
30
0 m
etre
s fr
om m
HW
S fo
r th
e pu
rpos
e of
• u
nloa
din
g is
rest
ricte
d to
the
follo
win
g lo
catio
ns a
re:
laun
chin
g an
d su
bseq
uent
ly c
olle
ctin
g an
cilla
ry
◦ B
rad
ley
cov
e, B
ount
y is
land
s cr
aft a
nd p
asse
nger
s
◦
Anc
hora
ge B
ay, A
ntip
odes
isla
nd
◦
Rin
g d
ove
Bay
, Ant
ipod
es is
land
◦ H
o H
o B
ay, n
orth
eas
t isl
and,
Sna
res
isla
nd
◦ e
nclo
sed
Bay
to th
e S
outh
of n
orth
eas
t isl
and,
Sna
res
isla
nd
◦
nor
th e
ast i
slan
d, S
nare
s is
land
s/ti
ni H
eke
◦
nor
thea
st o
f mac
aule
y is
land
(Ker
mad
ec Is
land
s)
• A
ctiv
ities
will
not
resu
lt in
any
adv
erse
effe
cts
on a
site
of c
ultu
ral o
r hi
stor
ic h
erita
ge li
sted
in
A
ppen
dix
2
• S
uffic
ient
qua
lified
per
sonn
el to
mov
e th
e ve
ssel
if n
eede
d ar
e to
rem
ain
on b
oard
the
vess
el a
t all
times
•
no
mor
e th
an o
ne c
ruis
e sh
ip in
a b
ay o
r ha
rbou
r at
any
one
tim
e
Acc
ess
to th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
of t
he
37
dis
cret
iona
ry
1, 2
, 3, 7
, 8, 1
0, 1
2,
Sub
anta
rctic
isla
nds
by v
esse
ls u
p to
16
, 17,
18,
31,
32,
25
met
res
in le
ngth
in th
e zo
ne M
HW
S o
ut t
o
33, 3
4, 3
6 30
0 m
etre
s fr
om m
HW
S
Acc
ess
to th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
of t
he
38
• e
xcep
t in
the
zone
sho
wn
on m
ap 3
aro
und
Por
t Ros
s an
d e
nder
by
isla
nd b
etw
een
1 A
pril
and
Per
mitt
ed
2, 3
, 7, 8
, 10,
12,
36
Sub
anta
rctic
isla
nds
by v
esse
ls u
p to
75
met
res
31 o
ctob
er e
ach
year
(whe
n so
uthe
rn r
ight
wha
les
are
bree
ding
and
nur
sing
), un
less
in a
ccor
danc
e 12
5 m
etre
s in
leng
th in
the
zone
300
met
res
with
rul
e 33
fr
om m
HW
S to
the
oute
r lim
its o
f the
• ve
ssel
has
bee
n th
orou
ghly
che
cked
for
harm
ful o
rgan
ism
s ab
ove
the
wat
erlin
e, a
nd is
free
of
te
rrito
rial
sea
ha
rmfu
l pla
nts
and
anim
als
(incl
udin
g in
sect
s)
• S
uffic
ient
qua
lified
per
sonn
el to
mov
e th
e ve
ssel
if n
eede
d ar
e to
rem
ain
on b
oard
the
vess
el a
t all
times
• A
ctiv
ities
will
not
resu
lt in
any
adv
erse
effe
cts
on a
site
of c
ultu
ral o
r hi
stor
ic h
erita
ge li
sted
in
A
ppen
dix
2
• n
o m
ore
than
one
cru
ise
ship
in a
bay
or
harb
our
at a
ny o
ne ti
me
Con
tinue
d on
nex
t pag
e
52 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Surf
ace
wate
r act
iviti
es in
the
Suba
ntar
ctic
Isla
nds—
cont
inue
d
Acc
ess
to th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
of t
he
39
Pro
hibi
ted
7 S
uban
tarc
tic is
land
s by
ves
sels
gre
ater
tha
n
25 m
etre
s in
leng
th in
the
zone
MH
WS
out
to
30
0 m
etre
s fr
om m
HW
S, e
xcep
t ves
sels
up
to
75 m
etre
s w
hen
anch
orin
g at
the
loca
tions
as
prov
ided
for
in r
ules
36
and
44
Acc
ess
to th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
of t
he
40
• ve
ssel
has
bee
n th
orou
ghly
che
cked
for
harm
ful o
rgan
ism
s ab
ove
the
wat
erlin
e, a
nd is
free
of
dis
cret
iona
ry
1, 2
, 7, 8
, 10,
S
uban
tarc
tic is
land
s by
ves
sels
from
ha
rmfu
l pla
nts
and
anim
als
(incl
udin
g in
sect
s)
33
75
met
res
up to
125
met
res
in le
ngth
in th
e
•
Suf
ficie
nt p
erso
nnel
to m
ove
the
vess
el if
nee
ded
are
to re
mai
n on
boa
rd th
e ve
ssel
at a
ll tim
es
zone
300
to
600
met
res
from
mH
WS
• A
ctiv
ities
will
not
resu
lt in
any
adv
erse
effe
cts
on a
site
of c
ultu
ral o
r hi
stor
ic h
erita
ge li
sted
in
A
ppe
ndix
2
• n
o m
ore
than
one
cru
ise
ship
in a
bay
at a
ny o
ne ti
me
Acc
ess
to th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
of t
he
41
• e
xcep
t in
the
zone
sho
wn
on m
ap 3
aro
und
Por
t Ros
s an
d e
nder
by
isla
nd b
etw
een
1 A
pril
and
P
erm
itted
2,
7, 8
, 10,
33
Sub
anta
rctic
isla
nds
by v
esse
ls fr
om 7
5 m
etre
s
31 o
ctob
er e
ach
year
(whe
n so
uthe
rn r
ight
wha
les
are
bree
ding
and
nur
sing
) up
to 1
25 m
etre
s in
leng
th in
the
zone
600
met
res
• ve
ssel
has
bee
n th
orou
ghly
che
cked
for
harm
ful o
rgan
ism
s ab
ove
the
wat
erlin
e, a
nd is
free
of
fro
m M
HW
S to
the
oute
r lim
its o
f the
terr
itoria
l sea
ha
rmfu
l pla
nts
and
anim
als
(incl
udin
g in
sect
s)
• S
uffic
ient
per
sonn
el to
mov
e th
e ve
ssel
if n
eede
d ar
e to
rem
ain
on b
oard
the
vess
el a
t all
times
•
Act
iviti
es w
ill n
ot re
sult
in a
ny a
dver
se e
ffect
s on
a s
ite o
f cul
tura
l or
hist
oric
her
itage
list
ed in
App
endi
x 2
• n
o m
ore
than
one
cru
ise
ship
in a
bay
at a
ny o
ne ti
me
Acc
ess
to th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
of t
he
42 4
0
P
rohi
bite
d 7
Sub
anta
rctic
isla
nds
by v
esse
ls g
reat
er t
han
12
5 m
etre
s in
leng
th in
the
zone
MH
WS
out
to
60
0 m
etre
s fr
om m
HW
S
Acc
ess
to th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
of t
he
43 4
1
d
iscr
etio
nary
1,
2, 3
, 7, 8
, 10,
S
uban
tarc
tic is
land
s by
ves
sels
gre
ater
tha
n
12, 1
6, 1
7, 1
8, 3
1,
125
met
res
in le
ngth
in th
e zo
ne 6
00 t
o
31, 3
2, 3
3, 3
4, 3
6 10
00 m
etre
s fr
om m
HW
S
Acc
ess
to th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
of t
he
44 4
2 •
exc
ept i
n th
e zo
ne s
how
n on
map
3 a
roun
d P
ort R
oss
and
end
erby
isla
nd b
etw
een
1 A
pril
and
P
erm
itted
2,
3, 7
, 8, 1
0, 1
2,
Sub
anta
rctic
isla
nds
by v
esse
ls g
reat
er t
han
31
oct
ober
eac
h ye
ar (w
hen
sout
hern
rig
ht w
hale
s ar
e br
eedi
ng a
nd n
ursi
ng)
16
, 17,
18,
31,
32,
12
5 m
etre
s in
leng
th in
the
zone
100
0 m
etre
s
•
vess
el h
as b
een
thor
ough
ly c
heck
ed fo
r ha
rmfu
l org
anis
ms
abov
e th
e w
ater
line,
and
is fr
ee o
f
33, 3
4
fro
m M
HW
S to
the
oute
r lim
its o
f the
terr
itoria
l sea
ha
rmfu
l pla
nts,
ani
mal
s an
d in
sect
s
•
Suf
ficie
nt q
ualifi
ed p
erso
nnel
to m
ove
the
vess
el if
nee
ded
are
to re
mai
n on
boa
rd th
e ve
ssel
at a
ll tim
es
Ac
tiv
ity
R
ul
e
StA
nd
AR
dS
/te
Rm
S/c
on
dit
ion
S
cl
AS
Sif
icA
tio
n
Po
lic
y R
ef.
Con
tinue
d on
nex
t pag
e
53Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Surf
ace
wate
r act
iviti
es in
the
Suba
ntar
ctic
Isla
nds—
cont
inue
d
Anc
hori
ng in
the
coas
tal m
arin
e ar
ea o
f the
45
43
• A
ncho
ring
only
at t
he fo
llow
ing
loca
tions
: P
erm
itted
2,
3, 7
, 8, 9
, 10,
12,
S
uban
tarc
tic is
land
s in
side
the
zone
from
mH
WS
◦
ere
bus
cov
e (in
Por
t Ros
s), A
uckl
and
isla
nd
36
ou
t to
300
met
res
by
vess
els
up to
25
met
res
◦
terr
or c
ove
(in P
ort R
oss)
, Auc
klan
d is
land
in
leng
th
◦ W
ater
fall
inle
t (ea
st c
oast
), A
uckl
and
isla
nd
◦
mus
grav
e in
let (
east
coa
st),
Auc
klan
d is
land
◦ m
usgr
ave
Har
bour
(in
car
nley
Har
bour
) Auc
klan
d is
land
◦ c
amp
cov
e (in
car
nley
Har
bour
), A
uckl
and
isla
nd
• ve
ssel
has
bee
n th
orou
ghly
che
cked
for
harm
ful o
rgan
ism
s ab
ove
the
wat
erlin
e, a
nd is
free
of h
arm
ful
p
lant
s an
d a
nim
als
(incl
udin
g in
sect
s)
• S
uffic
ient
per
sonn
el to
mov
e th
e ve
ssel
if n
eede
d ar
e to
rem
ain
on b
oard
the
vess
el a
t all
times
•
Act
iviti
es w
ill n
ot re
sult
in a
ny a
dver
se e
ffect
s on
a s
ite o
f cul
tura
l or
hist
oric
her
itage
list
ed in
App
end
ix 2
•
no
mor
e th
an o
ne c
ruis
e sh
ip in
a b
ay o
r ha
rbou
r at
any
one
tim
e
Anc
hori
ng in
the
coas
tal m
arin
e ar
ea o
f the
46
44
• A
ncho
ring
only
at t
he fo
llow
ing
loca
tions
:
Per
mitt
ed
2, 3
, 7, 8
, 9, 1
0, 1
2,
Sub
anta
rctic
isla
nds
insi
de th
e zo
ne fr
om m
HW
S
◦ ta
gua
Bay
(in
car
nley
har
bour
), A
uckl
and
isla
nd
36
out t
o 30
0 m
etre
s by
ves
sels
up
to 7
5 m
etre
s
◦ S
hoe
isla
nd (s
outh
wes
t of S
hoe
isla
nd),
Auc
klan
d is
land
in
leng
th
◦ P
erse
vera
nce
Har
bour
, cam
pbel
l isl
and/
mot
u ih
puku
◦ R
anui
cov
e (e
ast c
oast
) Auc
klan
d is
land
◦
mus
grav
e in
let (
east
coa
st) A
uckl
and
isla
nd
◦
Ray
nal P
oint
(car
nley
Har
bour
)
◦ c
oler
idge
Bay
, nor
th o
f mas
k is
land
(car
nley
Har
bour
) Auc
klan
d is
land
◦ W
este
rn A
rm (c
arnl
ey H
arbo
ur) A
uckl
and
isla
nd p
rovi
ded
win
d sp
eed
is <
35
knot
s
◦ P
erse
vera
nce
Har
bour
cam
pbel
l isl
and
•
vess
el h
as b
een
thor
ough
ly c
heck
ed fo
r ha
rmfu
l org
anis
ms
abov
e th
e w
ater
line,
and
is fr
ee o
f har
mfu
l
plan
ts a
nd a
nim
als
(incl
udin
g in
sect
s)
• S
uffic
ient
qua
lified
per
sonn
el to
mov
e th
e ve
ssel
if n
eede
d ar
e to
rem
ain
on b
oard
the
vess
el a
t all
times
•
Act
iviti
es w
ill n
ot re
sult
in a
ny a
dver
se e
ffect
s on
a s
ite o
f cul
tura
l or
hist
oric
her
itage
list
ed in
Ap
pend
ix 2
•
no
mor
e th
an o
ne c
ruis
e sh
ip in
a b
ay o
r ha
rbou
r at
any
one
tim
e
Acc
ess
to th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
of t
he
47 4
5 •
em
erge
ncy
fuel
tran
sfer
s in
the
even
t a v
esse
l’s fu
el b
ecom
es c
onta
min
ated
; OR
P
rohi
bite
d P
erm
itted
13
18
21
Sub
anta
rctic
isla
nds
by v
esse
ls fo
r th
e pu
rpos
e
• From
onefishingvesseltoanotheriftheformerisreturningtoportearlyandwishesto
of s
hip
to
shi
p fu
el t
rans
fers
Shi
p t
o s
hip
fuel
tr
ansf
er e
xces
s fu
el to
ano
ther
ves
sel r
emai
ning
at t
he is
land
s32
tran
sfer
s of
mar
ine
Gas
oil
(MG
O) o
r m
arin
e
A
ND
d
iese
l oil
(MD
O) i
n th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
of
•
the
tran
sfer
of f
uel t
akes
pla
ce o
n th
e le
ewar
d op
en c
oast
line
the
Sub
anta
rctic
isla
nds
•
the
loca
tion
and
timin
g of
the
fuel
tran
sfer
is c
hose
n so
that
loca
l win
ds a
nd c
urre
nts
will
not
carr
y an
y fu
el s
pilla
ge: o
nto
the
shor
elin
e; o
r on
to o
ffsho
re ro
cks
used
by
wild
life;
or
into
are
as
of
the
coas
tal m
arin
e ar
ea li
kely
to b
e us
ed b
y la
rge
num
bers
of b
irds
or m
arin
e m
amm
als
for
co
ngre
gatio
n or
feed
ing
(see
als
o o
ther
met
hods
for
com
plem
enta
ry b
est p
ract
ice
guid
ance
)
Ac
tiv
ity
R
ul
e
StA
nd
AR
dS
/te
Rm
S/c
on
dit
ion
S
cl
AS
Sif
icA
tio
n
Po
lic
y R
ef.
Con
tinue
d on
nex
t pag
e
32F
ortheavoidanceofdoubt,thisdoesnotincludeatankerorotherfishingvesselusedforthepurposeofcarryingfueltothefishingfleet.
54 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Surf
ace
wate
r act
iviti
es in
the
Suba
ntar
ctic
Isla
nds—
cont
inue
d
• A
reco
rd is
kep
t by
each
fish
ing
com
pany
of a
ll fu
el tr
ansf
ers
invo
lvin
g its
ves
sels
and
, if a
ny fu
el
tr
ansf
ers
take
pla
ce in
a c
alen
dar
mon
th, a
n em
ail o
r fa
csim
ile is
sen
t to
the
dep
artm
ent o
f
con
serv
atio
n A
rea
offi
ce d
urin
g th
e fo
llow
ing
mon
th w
hich
det
ails
the
type
s of
ves
sels
invo
lved
,
the
fuel
type
tran
sfer
red,
and
the
appr
oxim
ate
quan
tity
of fu
el
• A
ny s
pilla
ge is
repo
rted
to th
e d
epar
tmen
t of c
onse
rvat
ion
Are
a o
ffice
imm
edia
tely
Shi
p t
o s
hip
fuel
tra
nsfe
rs in
the
coas
tal m
arin
e
48 4
6
`
Pro
hibi
ted
20
area
of t
he S
uban
tarc
tic is
land
s ot
her
than
as
prov
ided
for
in r
ule
45
Acc
ess
to th
e fo
llow
ing
area
s of
the
coas
tal
49 4
7 •
this
rul
e ap
plie
s fo
r 5
year
s fr
om th
e da
te o
n w
hich
this
pla
n be
com
es o
pera
tive,
P
erm
itted
18
19
mar
ine
area
of A
uckl
and
and
cam
pbel
l isl
ands
by
at
whi
ch p
oint
it c
ease
s to
hav
e ef
fect
fi
shin
g v
esse
ls fu
elle
d w
ith h
eavy
fuel
oil:
in th
e
• th
e pu
rpos
e of
acc
ess
is to
see
k sh
elte
r du
ring
stor
ms
or fo
r th
e ca
re o
f the
ves
sel o
r cr
ew
lee
of A
uckl
and
isla
nd n
o cl
oser
than
2 n
autic
al
•
Suf
ficie
nt p
erso
nnel
to m
ove
the
vess
el if
nee
ded
are
to re
mai
n on
boa
rd a
t all
times
m
iles
from
mH
WS
; and
in th
e le
e of
cam
pbel
l is
land
no
clos
er th
an 1
.5 n
autic
al m
iles
from
mH
WS
Acc
ess
to th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
area
of t
he
50 4
8
P
rohi
bite
d 13
18
Sub
anta
rctic
isla
nds
by v
esse
ls fu
elle
d by
or
ca
rryi
ng h
eavy
fuel
oil,
usi
ng h
eavy
fuel
oil
as
a fu
el o
r ca
rryi
ng h
eavy
fuel
oil
as a
car
go
, ex
cep
t th
ose
ves
sels
with
a c
oas
tal p
erm
it
und
er r
ule
34 t
o t
rave
l dir
ectly
to
and
fro
m
the
zone
off
No
rth
Eas
t Is
land
of t
he
Sna
res
Isla
nds/
Tin
i Hek
e to
vie
w t
- it- i;
and
th
ose
ves
sels
co
mp
lyin
g w
ith r
ule
47
Ac
tiv
ity
R
ul
e
StA
nd
AR
dS
/te
Rm
S/c
on
dit
ion
S
cl
AS
Sif
icA
tio
n
Po
lic
y R
ef.
55Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Ac
tiv
ity
R
ule
S
tAn
dA
Rd
S/t
eR
mS
/co
nd
itio
nS
c
lAS
Sif
icAt
ion
P
oli
cy
Re
f.
Acc
ess
to a
nd a
ncho
ring
in th
e co
asta
l mar
ine
49
•
vess
el h
as b
een
thor
ough
ly c
heck
ed fo
r ha
rmfu
l org
anis
ms
abov
e th
e w
ater
line,
and
is fr
ee o
f P
erm
itted
2,
3, 6
, 7, 8
, 11,
36
area
of t
he K
erm
adec
isla
nds
by v
esse
ls
harm
ful p
lant
s an
d an
imal
s, (i
nclu
ding
inse
cts)
in
volv
ed in
man
agem
ent
op
erat
ions
act
iviti
es
•
Suf
ficie
nt q
ualifi
ed p
erso
nnel
to m
ove
the
vess
el if
nee
ded
are
to re
mai
n on
boa
rd th
e ve
ssel
at a
ll tim
es
and
res
earc
h fo
r th
e d
epar
tmen
t of c
onse
rvat
ion,
in
clud
ing
vess
els
of th
e n
ew Z
eala
nd n
avy
Acc
ess
to a
nd a
ncho
ring
in t
he c
oast
al m
arin
e
50
• ve
ssel
has
bee
n th
orou
ghly
che
cked
for
harm
ful o
rgan
ism
s ab
ove
the
wat
erlin
e, a
nd is
free
of
Per
mitt
ed
2, 1
1, 3
3 ar
ea o
f the
Ker
mad
ec is
land
s b
y ve
ssel
s
harm
ful p
lant
s an
d a
nim
als
(incl
udin
g in
sect
s)
del
iver
ing
fuel
sup
plie
s in
sea
led
fue
l
• S
uffic
ient
qua
lified
per
sonn
el t
o m
ove
the
vess
el if
nee
ded
are
to
rem
ain
on b
oard
the
ves
sel
co
ntai
nmen
t sy
stem
s to
the
Ker
mad
ec is
land
s
at
all
times
•
Act
iviti
es w
ill n
ot r
esul
t in
any
ad
vers
e ef
fect
s on
a s
ite o
f cul
tura
l or
hist
oric
her
itage
list
ed
in A
pp
end
ix 2
Acc
ess
to t
he c
oast
al m
arin
e ar
ea o
f the
51
50
• th
e ve
ssel
doe
s no
t an
chor
P
rohi
bite
d p
erm
itted
2,
3, 7
, 10,
36
Ker
mad
ec is
land
s b
y ve
ssel
s fo
r th
e p
urp
ose
of
•
unl
oad
ing
loca
tion
nor
thea
st o
f mac
aule
y is
land
sh
ip t
o s
hip
fue
l tra
nsfe
rs A
cces
s to
the
coa
stal
• A
ctiv
ities
will
not
res
ult
in a
ny a
dve
rse
effe
cts
on a
site
of c
ultu
ral o
r hi
stor
ic h
erita
ge li
sted
m
arin
e ar
ea o
f the
Ker
mad
ec is
land
s b
y ve
ssel
s
in
Ap
pen
dix
2
up t
o75
met
res
in le
ngth
in t
he z
one
mH
WS
• S
uffic
ient
qua
lified
per
sonn
el t
o m
ove
the
vess
el if
nee
ded
are
to
rem
ain
on b
oard
the
ves
sel a
t al
l tim
es
out
to 3
00 m
etre
s fr
om m
HW
S fo
r th
e p
urp
ose
•
no
mor
e th
an o
ne c
ruis
e sh
ip in
a b
ay o
r ha
rbou
r at
any
one
tim
e of
laun
chin
g an
d s
ubse
que
ntly
col
lect
ing
anci
llary
cra
ft a
nd p
asse
nger
s
Acc
ess
to a
nd a
ncho
ring
in t
he c
oast
al m
arin
e
52 5
1 •
Any
nec
essa
ry a
pp
rova
ls t
hat
may
be
req
uire
d u
nder
the
Res
erve
s A
ct 1
977
have
bee
n P
erm
itted
2,
3, 6
, 7, 1
1, 3
6 ar
ea o
f the
Ker
mad
ec is
land
s b
y ve
ssel
s in
volv
ed
obta
ined
from
the
dep
artm
ent
of c
onse
rvat
ion
in a
pp
rove
d r
esea
rch
• ve
ssel
has
bee
n th
orou
ghly
che
cked
for
harm
ful o
rgan
ism
s ab
ove
the
wat
erlin
e, a
nd is
free
of h
arm
ful p
lant
s an
d a
nim
als
(incl
udin
g in
sect
s)
• S
uffic
ient
qua
lified
per
sonn
el t
o m
ove
the
vess
el if
nee
ded
are
to
rem
ain
on b
oard
the
ves
sel
at
all
times
•
Act
iviti
es w
ill n
ot r
esul
t in
any
ad
vers
e ef
fect
s on
a s
ite o
f cul
tura
l or
hist
oric
her
itage
list
ed
in
Ap
pen
dix
2
Surf
ace
wat
er a
ctiv
itie
s in
the
Ker
mad
ec Is
land
s—co
ntro
ls o
n ac
cess
to z
ones
clo
se in
to s
hore
and
ac
tivi
tes
Not
e 1:
Refe
r to
the
plan
ning
map
s fo
r a v
isua
l exp
lana
tion
and
area
l ext
ent o
f the
follo
win
g su
rfac
e w
ater
acc
ess
rule
s.
Not
e 2:
Th
e su
rfac
e w
ater
act
ivity
rule
s in
this
pla
n do
not
app
ly to
ves
sels
of t
he N
ew Z
eala
nd N
avy
whe
n in
volv
ed in
act
iviti
es fo
r any
of t
he p
urpo
ses
liste
d in
sec
tion
5 of
the
Def
ence
Act
1990
.
Not
e 3:
Th
e fo
llow
ing
surf
ace
wat
er a
cces
s ru
les
are
subj
ect t
o ot
her r
ules
in th
is p
lan,
par
ticul
arly
rule
s A
and
B a
nd 2
3 27
to 2
5 29
rega
rdin
g fo
ulin
g of
hul
ls a
nd n
iche
are
as.
Not
e 4:
Sp
eed
is re
stri
cted
to 5
kno
ts w
ithin
200
met
res
of M
HW
S an
d w
ithin
200
met
res
of a
ny m
arin
e m
amm
al in
acc
orda
nce
with
mar
itim
e ru
les
unde
r the
Mar
itim
e Tr
ansp
ort A
ct
19
94 a
nd re
gula
tions
und
er th
e M
arin
e M
amm
als
Prot
ectio
n A
ct 19
78.
Con
tinue
d on
nex
t pag
e
56 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Ac
tiv
ity
R
ule
S
tAn
dA
Rd
S/t
eR
mS
/co
nd
itio
nS
c
lAS
Sif
icAt
ion
P
oli
cy
Re
f.
Acc
ess
to t
he c
oast
al m
arin
e ar
ea o
f the
53
52
• ve
ssel
has
bee
n th
orou
ghly
che
cked
for
harm
ful o
rgan
ism
s ab
ove
the
wat
erlin
e, a
nd is
free
of
Per
mitt
ed
2, 3
, 7, 1
2, 3
6 K
erm
adec
isla
nds
by
anci
llary
cra
ft
harm
ful p
lant
s an
d a
nim
als
(incl
udin
g in
sect
s)
• A
ctiv
ities
will
not
res
ult
in a
ny a
dve
rse
effe
cts
on a
site
of c
ultu
ral o
r hi
stor
ic h
erita
ge li
sted
in
A
pp
end
ix 2
Acc
ess
to t
he c
oast
al m
arin
e ar
ea o
f 54
53
dis
cret
iona
ry
1, 2
, 3, 7
, 10,
12,
16,
Rao
ul Is
land
by
vess
els
larg
er t
han
anci
llary
17
, 18,
29,
30,
36
craf
t in
the
zon
e M
HW
S o
ut t
o 3
00 m
etre
s
from
mH
WS
, exc
ept
as p
rovi
ded
for
in
rule
s 51
and
58
Acc
ess
to t
he c
oast
al m
arin
e ar
ea o
f 55
54
• ve
ssel
has
bee
n th
orou
ghly
che
cked
for
harm
ful o
rgan
ism
s ab
ove
the
wat
erlin
e, a
nd is
free
of
Per
mitt
ed
2, 3
, 7,1
0, 3
6
Rao
ul Is
land
by
vess
els
othe
r th
an a
ncill
ary
ha
rmfu
l pla
nts
and
ani
mal
s (in
clud
ing
nsec
ts)
craf
t in
the
zon
e 30
0 m
etre
s fr
om
MH
WS
• S
uffic
ient
qua
lified
per
sonn
el t
o m
ove
the
vess
el if
nee
ded
are
to
rem
ain
on b
oard
the
ves
sel a
t al
l tim
es
to t
he o
uter
lim
its o
f the
ter
ritor
ial s
ea
•
Act
iviti
es w
ill n
ot r
esul
t in
any
ad
vers
e ef
fect
s on
a s
ite o
f cul
tura
l or
hist
oric
her
itage
list
ed in
A
pp
end
ix 2
• n
o m
ore
than
one
cru
ise
ship
in a
bay
or
harb
our
at a
ny o
ne t
ime
Acc
ess
to t
he c
oast
al m
arin
e ar
ea o
f the
isle
ts
56 5
5
d
iscr
etio
nary
1,
2, 3
, 7, 1
0, 1
6, 1
7,
arou
nd R
aoul
isla
nd a
nd t
he o
ther
Ker
mad
ec
18, 2
9, 3
0, 3
6
isla
nds
by
vess
els
oth
er t
han
anci
llary
cra
ft in
the
zone
MH
WS
out
to
600
met
res
from
mH
WS
Acc
ess
to t
he c
oast
al m
arin
e ar
ea o
f the
isle
ts
57 5
6 •
vess
el h
as b
een
thor
ough
ly c
heck
ed fo
r ha
rmfu
l org
anis
ms
abov
e th
e w
ater
line,
and
is fr
ee
Per
mitt
ed
2, 3
, 7, 1
0, 3
6
arou
nd R
aoul
isla
nd a
nd t
he o
ther
Ker
mad
ec
of h
arm
ful p
lant
s an
d a
nim
als
(incl
udin
g in
sect
s)
isla
nds
by
vess
els
oth
er t
han
anci
llary
cra
ft
•
Suf
ficie
nt q
ualifi
ed p
erso
nnel
to
mov
e th
e ve
ssel
if n
eed
ed a
re t
o re
mai
n on
boa
rd t
he v
esse
l at
all t
imes
in t
he z
one
600
met
res
fro
m M
HW
S t
o th
e
•
Act
iviti
es w
ill n
ot r
esul
t in
any
ad
vers
e ef
fect
s on
a s
ite o
f cul
tura
l or
hist
oric
her
itage
list
ed in
oute
r lim
its o
f the
ter
ritor
ial s
ea
Ap
pen
dix
2
• n
o m
ore
than
one
cru
ise
ship
in a
bay
or
harb
our
at a
ny o
ne t
ime
Anc
hori
ng in
the
coa
stal
mar
ine
area
of
58 5
7 •
Anc
horin
g on
ly a
t th
e fo
llow
ing
loca
tions
: P
erm
itted
2,
3, 7
, 9, 1
0, 3
6
Rao
ul is
land
insi
de
the
zone
from
mH
WS
◦
den
ham
Bay
out
to 3
00 m
etre
s
◦
eas
tern
Wes
tern
sid
e of
mey
er is
land
◦
fish
ing
Roc
k
◦
Boa
t c
ove
• ve
ssel
has
bee
n th
orou
ghly
che
cked
for
harm
ful o
rgan
ism
s ab
ove
the
wat
erlin
e, a
nd is
free
of
ha
rmfu
l pla
nts
and
ani
mal
s (in
clud
ing
inse
cts)
• S
uffic
ient
qua
lified
per
sonn
el t
o m
ove
the
vess
el if
nee
ded
are
to
rem
ain
on b
oard
the
ves
sel a
t al
l tim
es
Con
tinue
d on
nex
t pag
e
Surf
ace
wate
r act
iviti
es in
the
Kerm
adec
Isla
nds—
cont
inue
d
57Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Shi
p t
o s
hip
fue
l tra
nsfe
rs o
f mar
ine
Gas
oil
58
• fo
r em
erge
ncy
fuel
tra
nsfe
rs in
the
eve
nt a
ves
sel’s
fuel
bec
omes
con
tam
inat
ed,
Per
mitt
ed
21
(MG
O) o
r m
arin
e d
iese
l oil
(MD
O) i
n th
e
A
ND
coas
tal m
arin
e ar
ea o
f the
Ker
mad
ec is
land
s
• th
e tr
ansf
er o
f fue
l tak
es p
lace
on
the
leew
ard
open
coa
stlin
e
•
the
loca
tion
and
timin
g of
the
fuel
tran
sfer
is c
hose
n so
that
loca
l win
ds a
nd c
urre
nts
will
not
carr
y an
y fu
el s
pilla
ge: o
nto
the
shor
elin
e; o
r on
to o
ffsho
re ro
cks
used
by
wild
life;
or
into
are
as
of
the
coas
tal m
arin
e ar
ea li
kely
to b
e us
ed b
y la
rge
num
bers
of b
irds
or m
arin
e m
amm
als
for
co
ngre
gatio
n or
feed
ing
(see
als
o o
ther
met
hods
for
com
plem
enta
ry b
est p
ract
ice
guid
ance
)
•
A re
cord
is k
ept b
y ea
ch fi
shin
g co
mpa
ny o
f all
fuel
tran
sfer
s in
volv
ing
its v
esse
ls a
nd, i
f any
fuel
tran
fers
take
pla
ce in
a c
alen
dar
mon
th, a
n em
ail o
r fa
csim
ile is
sen
t to
the
dep
artm
ent o
f
con
serv
atio
n A
rea
offi
ce d
urin
g th
e fo
llow
ing
mon
th w
hich
det
ails
the
type
s of
ves
sels
invo
lved
,
the
fuel
type
tran
sfer
red,
and
the
appr
oxim
ate
quan
tity
of fu
el
• A
ny s
pilla
ge is
repo
rted
to th
e d
epar
tmen
t of c
onse
rvat
ion
Are
a o
ffice
imm
edia
tely
Acc
ess
to t
he c
oast
al m
arin
e ar
ea o
f the
59
59
Pro
hib
ited
18
Ker
mad
ec is
land
s b
y ve
ssel
s fu
elle
d b
y or
carr
ying
hea
vy f
uel o
il us
ing
heav
y fu
el o
il
as a
fuel
or
carr
ying
hea
vy fu
el o
il as
a c
argo
Surf
ace
wate
r act
iviti
es fo
r the
Ker
mad
ec Is
land
s—co
ntin
ued
Ac
tiv
ity
R
ul
e
StA
nd
AR
dS
/te
Rm
S/c
on
dit
ion
S
cl
AS
Sif
icA
tio
n
Po
lic
y R
ef.
58 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Figure 2. Hull and niche area fouling rules flowchart 1.
Anti-fouling<12monthsold
but>6monthssincelastinspection
Anti-fouling>12monthsold
but>3monthssincelastinspection
Entry Permitted(noinspectionorcoastalpermitrequired)
Anti-fouling<6months
old
Anti-fouling<12monthsoldand<6monthssince
passedlastinspectionandfordurationofaccessinside
1000metresfromMHWS
Anti-fouling>12monthsoldand<3monthssince
passedlastinspectionandfordurationofaccessinside
1000metresfromMHWS
Evidence of current anti-foul system providedtoDOC No Discretionary coastal permit
Yes
Hull and niche area inspection requiredbyapprovedindependent serviceprovider
usingtherelevant1 inspectionform
Independent Risk Assessmentand coastal permit
ApprovedcontractortocarryoutariskassessmentusingtheHull
RiskAssessmentTemplate2.Riskassessmentreporttobesupplied
toDOCwithcoastalpermitapplication3
Inspection report sent to DOC atleast1weekbeforeaccessinside1000metresofMHWSoftheislandsconfirmingnovisual
evidenceoforganismspresentbeyonda
‘slimelayer’
CleaningEitherdrydockcleanandanti-foul
maintenanceor in-watercontainedremovalandcleaning,incompliancewiththerelevant
regionalcoastalplan,toastandardthatenablestheinspectionformtobecompletedandpassed.InspectionformissenttoDOC
atleast1weekbeforeaccessinside1000metresofMHWSoftheislands
Entry Permitted (nocoastalpermitrequired)
Coastal permit granted or declined 3(basedonriskassessment)
Fouling foundNo fouling
Flowchart 1: summary of hull and niche area fouling rules for vessels intending to go inside of 1000 metres of MHWS provided the vessel has not:• beenintheterritorialseaofacountryotherthanNZsincelastanti-foulorcertifiedinspection;or• returneddirectlyfromAntarcticaandstayedmorethan48hoursinanymainlandNZlocation;or• visitedMacquarieIslandandanchoredorsteamedlessthan100metresfromanypermanentstructuresand/orstayedformorethan48hours.
1 Ifthedateoftheinspectionislessthan12monthsfromthedatethisplanbecomesoperativetheforminAppendix3istobeused,ifgreaterthan12months,theformin Appendix4istobeused.
2 Floerl,O.;Wilkens,S.;Inglis,G.2010:Developmentofatemplateforvesselhullinspections andassessmentofbiosecurity riskstotheKermadec andsub-AntarcticIslandsregions.NIWAreportNo.CHC2010086August2010.
3 IfcomplyingwithTemporaryruleA,forthefirst12monthsonce theplanbecomesoperative,acoastalpermitisnotrequired.
Notes:
59Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Figure 3. Hull and niche area fouling rules flowchart 2.
No Discretionary coastal permit
Yes
Fouling foundNo fouling
Flowchart 2: summary of hull and niche area fouling rules for vessels intending to go inside of 1000 metres of MHWS and vessel has:• beenintheterritorialseaofacountryotherthanNZsincelastanti-foulorcertifiedinspection;or• returneddirectlyfromAntarcticaandhasstayedmorethan48hoursinanymainlandNZlocation;or• visitedMacquarieIslandandhasanchoredorsteamedlessthan100metresfromanypermanentstructuresand/orstayedformorethan48hours
Evidence of current anti-foul system providedtoDOC
1 Ifthedateoftheinspectionislessthan12monthsfromthedatethisplanbecomesoperativetheforminAppendix3istobeused,ifgreaterthan12months,theformin Appendix4istobeused.
2 Floerl,O.;Wilkens,S.;Inglis,G.2010:Developmentofatemplateforvesselhullinspections andassessmentofbiosecurity riskstotheKermadec andsub-AntarcticIslandsregions.NIWAreportNo.CHC2010086August2010.
3 IfcomplyingwithTemporaryruleA,forthefirst12monthsonce theplanbecomesoperative,acoastalpermitisnotrequired.
Notes:
Independent Risk Assessmentand coastal permit
ApprovedcontractortocarryoutariskassessmentusingtheHull
RiskAssessmentTemplate2.Riskassessmentreporttobesupplied
toDOCwithcoastalpermitapplication3
Inspection report sent to DOC atleast1weekbeforeaccessinside1000metresofMHWSoftheislandsconfirmingnovisual
evidenceoforganismspresentbeyonda
‘slimelayer’
CleaningEitherdrydockcleanandanti-foul
maintenanceor in-watercontainedremovalandcleaning,incompliancewiththerelevant
regionalcoastalplan,toastandardthatenablestheinspectionformtobecompletedandpassed.InspectionformissenttoDOC
atleast1weekbeforeaccessinside1000metresofMHWSoftheislands
Entry Permitted (nocoastalpermitrequired)
Coastal permit granted or declined 3(basedonriskassessment)
Hull and niche area inspection requiredbyapprovedindependent serviceproviderusing
therelevant1 inspectionform
60 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
other matters
Administrative charges
To be established via regulations under section 360 of the Act—using the tests in section 36 such as the criteria in (4), and the range of charges as per (1) to set out how the fee will be determined. Administrative charges will be charged under the Conservation Act 1987.
Coastal occupation charges
Section 64A of the Act requires the Minister of Conservation to consider whether or not a coastal occupation charging regime applying to persons who occupy any part of the coastal common marine and coastal area is to be included in a regional coastal plan. Having considered the criteria in section 64A(1), the Minister has decided not to include a coastal occupation charging regime in this plan.
Financial contributions
Where the Minister of Conservation grants a coastal permit, the Minister may impose a condition requiring that a financial contribution be made for the purposes specified in the coastal plan.
The term ‘financial contribution’ is defined in section 108(9) of the Act to mean:... a contribution of:(a) Money; or (b) Land, including an esplanade reserve or esplanade strip (other than in relation to
a subdivision consent), but excluding Māori land within the meaning of the Māori Land Act 1993 unless that Act provides otherwise; or
(c) A combination of money and land.The coastal plan must specify the purposes of financial contributions, including the purpose of ensuring positive effects on the environment to offset any adverse effect, and must set out how the level of contribution would be determined. The Minister can only include a condition in a resource consent requiring a financial contribution if it is consistent with the purposes set out in the plan and determined in the manner described (s.108(10)).
All monies collected under the financial contributions regime of the plan are collected by the Minister of Conservation for use in such a manner as the Minister deems fit in order to avoid, remedy or mitigate the adverse effects of the activity on the coastal environment.
The provisions that follow reflect the requirements of the Act and set out:The circumstances when such contributions may be imposed. •The purposes for which such contributions may be required and used. •The manner in which the amount of the contribution will be determined. •Matters that the Minister will have regard to when deciding whether to impose •a financial contribution, the type or types of contribution, and the amount of any contribution.
61Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
(a) Protection, maintenance or restoration of sites of historic or cultural heritage Circumstances: Where the activity for which consent is granted will adversely affect a
site of cultural or historic significance. Purposes: To mitigate or offset such effects by requiring a contribution to protect,
maintain or restore an alternative historic or cultural site within the coastal environment.
determination of amount: To be determined as noted in the method below.
(b) Protection, restoration or enhancement of seabed and foreshore Circumstances: Where the activity for which consent is granted is likely to cause or
contribute to adverse effects on the seabed or foreshore. Purposes: To mitigate or offset the adverse effects of the activity by protecting,
restoring or enhancing the seabed or foreshore, including maintenance and planting of vegetation.
determination of amount: To be determined as noted in the method below.
(c) environmental compensation Circumstances: Where the activity for which consent is granted will have adverse
effects that will not be adequately avoided, remedied or mitigated and those effects can be offset by practicably positive effects elsewhere in the coastal marine area.
Purposes: To provide positive effects by way of environmental compensation by protecting, restoring and/or enhancing natural and physical resources.
determination of amount: To be determined as noted in the method below.
Method to determine amount of contribution
The amount of contribution must be an amount determined on a case-by-case basis by the Minister of Conservation to be fair and reasonable. The amount must not exceed the reasonable cost of funding positive environmental effects required to offset the net adverse effects caused directly by the activity. ‘Net adverse effects’ means a reasonable assessment of the level of adverse effects after taking into account:
(a) The extent to which significant adverse effects will be avoided, remedied or mitigated by other consent conditions;
(b) The extent to which there will be positive environmental effects of the activity that may offset any or all adverse effects; and
(c) The extent to which other environmental compensation is offered as part of the activity that may offset any or all adverse effects.
62 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Integrated management
Integrated management is required with the following management responsibilities:DOC’s role under the Reserves Act • 1977 and the Conservation Management StrategyDOC’s role under the Marine Reserves Act 1971 and the Marine Protected Area Forum •for the Southern OceanTe Tangi a Tauira—The Cry of the People: iwi management plan of Ngāi Tahu ki •Murihiku and Ngāi Tahu Statutory Acknowledgements Biosecurity requirements •The Environmental Protection Authority, in its role of managing the marine •environment beyond 12 nautical miles
Conservation management strategies
All of the Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands are nature reserves under the Reserves Act, and the Subantarctic Islands are also national reserves under the Reserves Act. Both groups of islands are managed by conservation management strategies (CMS) for the Kermadec Islands and the Subantarctic Islands. There is an overlap in the jurisdiction of this regional coastal plan, for which the inland boundary is mean high water springs (MHWS), and the CMS, for which the seaward boundary is mean low water springs (MLWS).
CMSs are reviewed every 10 years. The CMS for the Subantarctic Islands was due to be reviewed in 2008; however, the timeframe has been extended out to 2012. The Kermadec Islands are a part of the Auckland CMS, which is due to be reviewed in 2011.
The Conservation Act and the RMA establish distinct decision making processes to achieve different purposes. The purpose of the Conservation Act is about the preservation, conservation and protection of natural and historic resources; while the RMA is about the sustainable management of natural and physical resources. Where there is an overlap e.g. in relation to the foreshore associated with the Subantarctic Islands, which is administered under the Reserves Act, then authority under both the regional coastal plan and the conservation legislation (which would be guided by the CMS) will be required.
Integrating the management of this regional coastal plan and the CMSs for the two groups of islands will allow a consistent approach to be taken across the land and sea. It will allow the close interdependence of ecosystems on the land and in the sea in the regions of both groups of islands to be managed in a way that takes account of this interdependence. It will also allow integrated management of sites of cultural and historic heritage that span the line of mean high water springs. Refer Method 4 of ‘Other methods’ under ‘Issue 3: Cultural and historic heritage’.
The review process of the CMSs for both the Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands will be a means of achieving the sustainable integrated management of the adjoining coastal marine area.
Marine reserves and the Marine Protected Area Forum for the Southern ocean
The Marine Protected Areas Policy Statement and Implementation Plan 2005 commit the New Zealand government to protecting representative samples of the full range of marine habitats and ecosystems as part of a wider strategy to conserve New Zealand’s biodiversity. The MPA Policy Statement sets out a series of high-level principles that will guide planning and prioritising the MPA network at the national level and the selection of possible MPA sites and management tools. There is a range of management tools that could potentially contribute to the MPA network, including marine reserves, Fisheries Act tools, Resource Management Act measures and other tools.
63Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
On 29 January 2011, Minister of Conservation Kate Wilkinson and Fisheries Minister Phil Heatley announced three large marine reserves totalling 435,163 ha are to be established in the Subantarctic Islands. The Ministers’ decisions will see a marine reserve cover the entire territorial sea—out to 12 nautical miles—surrounding Antipodes Island, with two further marine reserves around the Bounty Islands and Campbell Island, covering 58% and 39% of those islands’ territorial seas respectively. New prohibitions on Danish seining will be introduced in the remaining territorial sea around the island groups, ensuring the entire area—688,548 ha—achieves Marine Protected Area status.
The new marine reserves are to be established by special legislation. The intended boundaries of the reserves allows for the continuation of long-lining for ling in some areas around the Bounty Islands, as this method is targeted and has a limited by-catch. And there will also be a 5-year window to allow for a potential deep-water crab fishery to be explored in the territorial sea beyond the marine reserve around Campbell Island. At the end of that period, it will be decided whether a crab fishery can be established or whether the entire territorial sea should become a marine reserve.
All of the Kermadec Islands and the Auckland Islands are already full marine reserves to the outer limits of their territorial seas.
Te Tangi a Tauira—The Cry of the People: Ngāi Tahu ki Murihiku’s iwi management plan
Te Tangi a Tauira—The Cry of the People was taken into account when drafting this plan, and Kaitiaki Rōpū were consulted during its preparation. The policies of this plan, and particularly the policies of Issue 2, will ensure ongoing involvement of tangata whenua of both island groups in the planning, consenting and monitoring of the islands on an ongoing basis.
Biosecurity
MAF Biosecurity New Zealand is a division of the Ministry for Primary Industries charged with leadership of the New Zealand biosecurity system, under the Biosecurity Act 1993. It encompasses facilitating international trade, protecting the health of New Zealanders and ensuring the welfare of our environment, flora and fauna, marine life and Māori resources. At the time of writing this plan, MAF Biosecurity New Zealand was involved in the following two biosecurity initiatives:
The development of the Import Health Standard (IHS) for Vessel Biofouling •The ANZECC Code of Practice for anti-fouling and in-water cleaning •
The Import Health Standard (IHS) for Vessel Biofouling is a new border requirement that vessels arrive in New Zealand with minimal biofouling. It is intended to be released in April 2012, but enforcement measures will not be introduced until 2016, giving vessels time to become familiar with the requirements and take any actions required. The requirements of the IHS are aligned with guidelines on biofouling management developed by the International Maritime Organisation (IMO) and adopted by the IMO’s Marine Environment Protection Committee in July 2011.
The ANZECC Code of Practice for anti-fouling and in-water cleaning provides guidance on the best-practice approaches for the application, maintenance, removal and disposal of anti-fouling coatings and the management of biofouling and invasive aquatic species on vessels and movable structures in Australian and New Zealand waters. This Code notes that it may be used as the basis of regulation by authorities with responsibility for biosecurity and/or contaminant management. It should be used in accordance with other relevant local
64 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
or national environmental regulations. In the event of conflict with regulations, plans, or policy established or administered by local authorities, those regulations, plans or policies prevail.
The policies and rules of this plan are consistent with both these initiatives.
environmental Protection Authority
The Environmental Protection Authority (EPA) is a statutory office housed within the Ministry for the Environment under the Secretary for the Environment. One of its key functions is to streamline the decision-making process for nationally significant proposals. Any proposals of national significance that overlap or are adjacent to the boundary of the coastal marine areas of the islands will present opportunities for integrated management.
Monitoring efficiency and effectiveness
Section 35 of the Act Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) requires the Minister of Conservation to monitor the efficiency and effectiveness of the policies, rules or other methods in this plan.
Ongoing monitoring will be required to assess the impacts of surface water activities on visitor experiences and the physical characteristics of the environment itself. The physical characteristics of the coastal marine areas of the Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands include significant natural character, landscape and amenity values, flora and fauna values, remoteness, and the intrinsic values of ecosystems.
The information collected during hull inspections will be used to monitor the efficiency and effectiveness of policies and rules of the plan, particularly the policies of Issue 1 and the rules controlling hull and niche area fouling.
Information to be submitted with a coastal permit application
Applicants are referred to section 88 and Schedule 4 of the Act Resource Management Act 1991. Section 88 requires the application to be ‘in the prescribed form and manner’ and to include, in accordance with Schedule 4 of the Act RMA, an assessment of environmental effects in such detail as corresponds with the scale and significance of the effects that the activity may have on the environment.
An application form can be obtained from:
Dept of Conservation, Southern Islands Area Office 7th Floor, CUE on Don, 33 Don Street Invercargill Ph: +64 (03) 211 2400 Email: [email protected]
Dept of Conservation, Warkworth Great Barrier Island Area Office 28 Baxter Street Warkworth Ph: +64 (09) 425 7812 Email: [email protected]
The form is also available from the Department’s website: www.doc.govt.nz/offshoreislandsrcp
65Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Access to the coastal marine area inside 1000 metres from mean high water springs for vessels with hull and niche area fouling
An application for a coastal permit to access the waters inside 1000 metres from mean high water springs must include a risk assessment, undertaken in accordance with the protocol developed by NIWA for vessel hull inspections and assessment of biosecurity risks to the Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands33. The risk assessment will provide the assessment of actual and potential effects on the environment for the purposes of Schedule 4. The protocol for this risk assessment can be requested in hardcopy from the two offices noted above, or on the DOC website.
33 Floerl, O.; Wilkens, S.; Inglis, G. 2010: Development of a template for vessel hull inspections and assessment of biosecurity risks to the Kermadec and sub-Antarctic Islands regions. NIWA report No. CHC2010 086 August 2010.
66 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Glossary
AFS Convention The International Convention on Control of Harmful Anti-Fouling Systems on Ships, 2001. (IMO definition).
Ancillary craft Tenders, dinghies, zodiacs and canoes., canoes, and RHIBS (rigid hull inflatable boat) and LCM (landing craft medium).
Anti-fouling coating Any paint or other coating specifically designed to prevent or deter the attachment and growth of aquatic organisms on a surface. Includes biocidal coatings and biocide-free coatings, such as foul release coatings. (IMO definition).
Anti-fouling coating The combination of all component coatings, surface treatments system (including primer, sealer, binder, anti-corrosive and anti-fouling coatings) or other surface treatments used on a ship to control or prevent attachment of harmful aquatic organisms. (IMO definition).
Anti-fouling system A coating, paint, surface treatment, surface, or device that is used on a ship to control or prevent attachment of harmful organisms. (IMO definition)
Approved research Approved by the Department of Conservation as being consistent with the research goals for the particular islands group. For the Subantarctic Islands, research needs to be consistent with the Department of Conservation’s Research Strategy for the Subantarctic Islands, September 2003.
Archaeological site Any place in New Zealand that (a) either (i) was associated with (hPA 1993) human activity that occurred before 1900; or (ii) is the site of the wreck of any vessel where that wreck occurred before 1900; and (b) is or may be able through investigation by archaeological methods to provide evidence relating to the history of New Zealand.
Ballast water Water, including its associated constituents (biological or otherwise), placed in a ship to increase the draft, change the trim or regulate stability. It includes associated sediments, whether within the water column or settled out in tanks, sea-chests, anchor lockers, plumbing, etc. (Source: Import Health Standard for ships ballast water.) For the purposes of this plan, it includes ballast water loaded in New Zealand waters.
Benthic Of or living on the seabed.
Biofouling The undesirable accumulation of aquatic organisms such as micro-organisms, plants, and animals on surfaces and structures immersed in or exposed to the aquatic environment. (IMO definition).
Biodiversity An abbreviation of ‘biological diversity’, which means the number and variety of all biological life—plants, animals, fungi and microorganisms—the genes they contain and the ecosystems on land or in water where they live. In other words, biodiversity is the variety of life on Earth.
67Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Clean ship A ship on which there are no visible aquatic organisms, either on the main hull or in niche areas, except as a slime layer. (IMO definition).
Cruise ship Vessel involved in providing a tour experience for passengers for commercial gain.
endemism The ecological state of being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation or other defined zone, or habitat type, and found only there.
exotic plant Any plant that is not native to New Zealand, i.e. not indigenous.
Fishing Fishing has the same meaning as in section 2(1) of the Fisheries Act 1996.
Fishing vessel Any vessel engaged in the legal activity of fishing.
Fuel oil Any oil delivered to an engine and intended for combustion purposes for propulsion. It is a fraction obtained from petroleum distillation, either as a distillate or a residue.
hapū Sub-tribe; usually a number of whānau with a common ancestor.
harmful organism Any organism not indigenous to the islands, including any terrestrial or marine animal, insect or plant, excluding self-introduced species34.
heavy fuel oil 1. Crude oils with a density greater than 900 kg/cubic metre at 15 degrees celsius; 2. Oils, other than crude oils, with a density greater than 900 kg/cubic metre at 15 degrees celsius or a kinematic viscosity higher than 180 square mm/second at 50 degrees celsius; or 3. bitumen, tar and their emulsions. (Source: MARPOL ANNEX 1 Chapter 9—Special requirements for the use or carriage of oils in the Antarctic Area.) Also referred to as HFO.
hFo Refer heavy fuel oil.
historic heritage (a) Those natural and physical resources that contribute to an understanding and appreciation of New Zealand’s history and cultures, deriving from any of the following qualities: (i) Archaeological (ii) Architectural (iii) Cultural (iv) Historic (v) Scientific (vi) Technological (b) Includes: (i) Historic sites, structures, places and areas (ii) Archaeological sites (iii) Sites of significance to Māori, including wāhi tapu (iv) Surroundings associated with the natural and physical resources
34 The definition of ‘Harmful organism’ is not intended to include meat and plants carried as normal ships provisions. However, ship operators need to be aware that some items carried as normal ships provisions can be high risk to the marine environment—for example, chicken or smoked chicken could carry listeria
68 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
hoiho Yellow-eyed penguin.
Ihupuku Southern elephant seal.
Internal waters Harbours, estuaries and other areas of the sea that are on the landward side of the baseline of the territorial sea of a coastal state; and rivers and other inland waters that are navigable by ships.
Invasive aquatic A species that may pose threats to human, animal and plant life, species economic and cultural activities, and the marine environment. (IMO definition).
In-water cleaning The physical removal of biofouling from a ship while in the water. (IMO definition).
Iwi Māori tribe; usually a number of hapū with a common ancestor.
Kaitiaki The tangata whenua guardian who exercises the ancestral responsibilities of Kaitiakitanga.
Kekeno New Zealand fur seal.
Macro biofouling The accumulation of large, multicellular organisms. (IMO definition).
Marine diesel Distillate marine fuel with possible residual fuel traces. It is a blend of distillate product, heavier than marine gas oil. Also referred to as MDO or marine diesel oil.
Marine gas oil Distillate marine fuel similar to the diesel used by cars and trucks.
Marine Growth The prevention of biofouling accumulation in internal seawater Prevention System systems and sea chests. Can include the use of anodes, injection (MGPS) systems and electrolysis. (IMO definition).
Marine Pollution Resource Management (Marine Pollution) Regulations 1998. Regulations
MARPol International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 (known as ‘MARPOL 73/78’ or ‘MARPOL’).
Mdo Distillate marine fuel with possible residual fuel traces.
MGo Distillate marine fuel—see ‘marine gas oil’.
Mean high water The highest level to which spring tides reach on average over a spring (MhWS) period of time (often 19 years). This level is generally close to being the ‘high water mark’ where debris accumulates on the shore annually.
Micro biofouling A layer of microscopic organisms such as bacteria and diatoms and the slimy substances (usually extracellular polysaccharides) that they produce. (IMO definition) Also known as the slime layer.
Miromiro Snares Island tomtit.
MPA Marine Protected Area.
Mooring Any weight, pile or article placed in or on the foreshore or seabed for the purpose of securing a vessel, raft, aircraft or floating structure. Includes any float, wire, rope or other device attached or connected to such weight, pile or article, but does not include an anchor that is normally removed with a vessel, raft, aircraft
69Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
or floating structure when it leaves a site or anchorage, or the non-permanent laying and relaying of buoys. For the purpose of this plan, a mooring is not defined as a structure.
New Zealand waters (a) The territorial sea of New Zealand; and (b) The internal waters of New Zealand; and (c) All rivers and other inland waters of New Zealand.
Niche areas Mean areas on a ship that are more susceptible to biofouling due to different hydrodynamic forces, susceptibility to coating system wear or damage, or being inadequately, or not, painted, e.g. sea chests, bow thrusters, propeller shafts, inlet gratings, dry-dock support strips. (IMO definition).
Paikea Humpback whale.
Parāoa Sperm whale.
Pinniped A group of semi-aquatic marine mammals—the seals and their relatives. There are three pinniped families: walruses, eared seals (including sea lions and fur seals) and true seals.
Pokotiwha Snares crested penguin.
Reclamation Any permanent filling of an area previously inundated by coastal water either at or above mean high water spring mark, whether or not it is contiguous with the land, so that the filled surface is raised above the natural level of MHWS, and thus creates dry land, removed from the ebb and flow of the tide. For the purposes of this plan, reclamations do not include piles, pylons, ramps, rubble mound breakwaters or filling behind seawalls (unless the purpose of the seawall and filling is primarily for the purpose of creating land).
Research Refer ‘Approved research’ above.
River mouth boundary For definition of the landward boundary of the coastal marine area of both the Kermadec Islands and the subantarctic islands, the river mouth boundaries are taken as a continuation of the line of MHWS straight across the mouth of all rivers.
RoV Remotely operated vehicle—in the context of this plan, for underwater use.
Sealed fuel Used to re-supply fuel to the fuel depots on the islands. Typically containment systems 44 gallon drums but could include other systems such as bladders.
Season Typically 1 October to 31 March for the summer season and 1 April to 30 September for the winter season. However, these dates are not absolute and may slide earlier or later for any given user.
Ship A vessel of any type whatsoever operating in the marine environment. Includes hydrofoil boats, air-cushion vehicles, submersibles, floating craft, fixed or floating platforms, floating storage units (FSUs), and floating production storage and off-loading units (FPSOs). (IMO definition) Refer definition of yacht for recreational vessels under 24 metres in length.
Slime layer Refer ‘micro biofouling’.
70 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Stormwater Notwithstanding the definition of ‘stormwater’ in the Auckland Regional Policy Statement, for the purposes of this plan ’stormwater’ means surface water runoff (and any contaminants contained therein) from land or the external surface of any structure which is discharged to a water body or land as a result of rainfall.
Structure Any building, equipment, device or other facility made by people that is fixed to land (including land covered by water and the air space above land). Includes any raft.
Taonga Treasured possession, material or abstract (e.g. language). Māori interest in these is protected by the Treaty of Waitangi and New Zealand statute and common law/lore.
Territorial Sea Territorial sea means the territorial sea of New Zealand as defined by section 3 of the Territorial Sea and Exclusive Economic Zone Act 1977.
Tītī Sooty shearwater. Also known as ‘mutton birds’.
Tohorā Southern right whale.
Toroa Albatrosses and mollymawks.
Tutukiwi Snares island snipe.
Vessel Refer to ‘Ship’.
Wāhi tapu Sacred places.
Whānau Family (extended). Several whānau may constitute a hapū, and several hapū constitute and iwi (tribe); further, several iwi of related descent may comprise a waka (canoe) grouping. Such groupings based on whakapapa (descent) and waka (migratory) relationships are significant in modern New Zealand Māori life and politics, evolving over time.
Yacht Small, recreational sailing craft < 24 metres in length.
Zodiac Refer ancillary craft.
71Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Appendix 1
Maps
Subantarctic Islands:
Map 1 Vessel access restrictions, Auckland Islands
Map 2 Vessel access restrictions, Port Ross, Auckland Island
Map 3 Vessel access restrictions, Port Ross, Auckland Island, 1 April to 31 October
Map 4 Vessel access restrictions, Carnley Harbour, Auckland Island
Map 5 Vessel access restrictions, Antipodes Islands
Map 6 Vessel access restrictions, Campbell Island/Motu Ihupuku
Map 7 Vessel access restrictions, Snares Islands/Tini Heke
Map 8 Vessel access restrictions, Bounty Islands
Kermadec Islands:
Map 9 Vessel access restrictions, Raoul Island and outlying islands
Map 10 Vessel access restrictions, Macauley Island, Cheeseman and Curtis Islands, and L’Esperance Rock
72 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Map 1. Vessel access restrictions, Auckland Islands.
166°20'E
166°20'E
166°0'E
166°0'E
50°30'S 50°30'S
50°45'S 50°45'S
±
AucklandIsland
Disappointment I.
Adams I.
A2
A1
Carnley Harbour
NOT TO BE USED FOR NAVIGATIONAL PURPOSES *MHWS: Mean High Water Springs75
Anchorages
(Anchor at own discretion)
For Vessels up to 25 metres
For Vessels up to 75 metres
25
Vessels may anchor within 300m from the MHWS in the designated anchorage locations
For Vessels up to 75 metres (if wind speed is <35 knots)
25
25
75
7525
25
75
75
25
75
75
Musgrave Inlet
75
Map 1
- 062 paM cihpargopoT
morf decruoS yhpargopoT dnalsI
.devreseR thgirypo
C nwor
C .sdnalsI dnalkcuA
0 5 10 nm
75
166°10'0"E
50°40'0"S
75Musgrave
Inlet
Distance to MHWS
Up to 300 m (0.162 nm)
300 m to 600 m (0.162 nm - 0.324 nm)
600 m to 1000 m (0.324 nm - 0.540 nm)
Excess of 1000m (0.540 nm)
Vessel Class (metres)
Ancillary Craft Up to 25 m Between 25 - 125 m
Large (>125 m)
Permitted
Permitted
Permitted
Permitted
Discretionary
Permitted
Permitted
Permitted
Prohibited
Permitted
Permitted
Permitted
Prohibited
Prohibited
Discretionary
Permitted
(metres & nautical miles)
Inset
Inset
73Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Map
2.
Ves
sel a
cces
s re
stric
tions
, Por
t Ros
s, A
uckl
and
Isla
nd.
±
03
6nm
A1
Ende
rby
I.
Ewin
gI.
Ros
eI.
Oce
anI.
Dun
das
I.
Gre
enI.
NorthHarbour
Has
kell
Bay
Web
ling
Bay
Keke
noPo
int
- 062 pa M ci hpar gopoT morf decr uoS yhpar gopoT dnal sI. devr ese R t hgi r ypo C n wor C . sdnal sI dnal kcuA
Nor
thW
est
Cap
e
PortR
oss
Laurie
Har
bou
r
NO
T TO
BE
US
ED
FO
R N
AVIG
ATIO
NA
L P
UR
PO
SE
S
166°
6' 30"E
166°
6' 30"E
50°29
'30
"S50
°29'
30"S
50°35
'0"
S50
°35'
0"S
75
Anc
hora
ges
Ves
sels
may
anc
hor w
ithin
30
0 m
from
the
MH
WS
in th
e de
sign
ated
anc
hora
ge lo
catio
ns
(Anc
hor a
t ow
n di
scre
tion)
For V
esse
ls
up to
25
met
res
For V
esse
ls
up to
75
met
res
25
*MH
WS:
Mea
n H
igh
Wat
er S
prin
gs
25 25
7575
Dis
tanc
e to
MH
WS
Dis
tanc
e to
MH
WS
Up
to 3
00 m
(0.1
62 n
m)
300
m to
600
m (0
.162
nm
- 0.
324
nm)
600
m to
100
0 m
(0.3
24 n
m -
0.54
0 nm
)
Exce
ss o
f 100
0 m
(0.5
40 n
m)
Vess
el C
lass
(met
res)
Anc
illar
y C
raft
Up
to 2
5 m
Bet
wee
n 25
- 12
5 m
La
rge
(>12
5 m
)
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Dis
cret
iona
ry
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Pro
hibi
ted
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Pro
hibi
ted
Pro
hibi
ted
Dis
cret
iona
ry
Per
mitt
ed
(met
res
& n
autic
al m
iles)
The
mas
ter o
f any
ves
sel e
nter
ing
any
of th
e Su
bant
arct
ic Is
land
s ne
eds
to ta
ke p
artic
ular
ac
coun
t of t
he e
�ect
of s
tron
g w
inds
.
74 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Map
3.
Ves
sel a
cces
s re
stric
tions
, Por
t Ros
s, A
uckl
and
Isla
nd, 1
Apr
il to
31 O
ctob
er.
±
03
6nm
A1
Ende
rby
I.
Ewin
gI.
Ros
eI.
Oce
anI.
Dun
das
I.
Gre
enI.
NorthHarbour
Has
kell
Bay
Web
ling
Bay
Keke
noPo
int
- 062 pa M ci hpar gopoT morf decr uoS yhpar gopoT dnal sI. devr ese R t hgi r ypo C n wor C . sdnal sI dnal kcuA
Nor
thW
est
Cap
e
PortR
oss
Laurie
Har
bou
r
NO
T TO
BE
US
ED
FO
R N
AVIG
ATIO
NA
L P
UR
PO
SE
S
166°
6' 30"E
166°
6' 30"E
50°29
'30
"S50
°29'
30"S
50°35
'0"
S50
°35'
0"S
75Anc
hora
ges
Ves
sels
may
anc
hor w
ithin
30
0 m
eter
s fro
m th
e M
HW
S in
the
de
sign
ated
anc
hora
ge lo
catio
ns(A
ncho
r at o
wn
disc
retio
n)
For V
esse
ls
up to
25
met
res
For V
esse
ls
up to
75
met
res
25
Dis
tanc
e to
MH
WS
(met
res)
P
ort R
oss
sout
hern
rig
ht
wha
le e
xclu
sion
zon
e
*MH
WS:
Mea
n H
igh
Wat
er S
prin
gs
752525
75
The
mas
ter o
f any
ves
sel e
nter
ing
any
of th
e Su
bant
arct
ic Is
land
s ne
eds
to ta
ke p
artic
ular
ac
coun
t of t
he e
�ect
of s
tron
g w
inds
.
Acc
es to
the
area
is re
stric
ted
to
vess
els
unde
r 75
met
res
(ref
er
to ru
le 3
2)
Dis
tanc
e to
MH
WS
Up
to 3
00 m
(0.1
62 n
m)
300
m to
600
m (0
.162
nm
- 0.
324
nm)
600
m to
100
0 m
(0.3
24 n
m -
0.54
0 nm
)
Exce
ss o
f 100
0m (0
.540
nm
)
Vess
el C
lass
(met
res)
Anc
illar
y C
raft
Up
to 2
5 m
Bet
wee
n 25
- 12
5 m
La
rge
(>12
5 m
)
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Dis
cret
iona
ry
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Pro
hibi
ted
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Pro
hibi
ted
Pro
hibi
ted
Dis
cret
iona
ry
Per
mitt
ed
(met
res
& n
autic
al m
iles)
75Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Map
4.
Ves
sel a
cces
s re
stric
tions
, Car
nley
Har
bour
, Auc
klan
d Is
land
.
166°
12'E
166°
12'E
166°
0'E
166°
0'E
50°4
7'S
50°4
7'S
50°5
4'S
50°5
4'S
±
03
6nm
Figu
reof
Eig
htI.
Cap
eFa
rr
Gilr
oyH
ead
Wat
erfa
ll
Mus
grav
ePe
nins
ula
Sou
thW
est
Cap
e
Inle
t
Ada
ms
Isla
nd
A2
NorthArm
Wes
tern
Arm
Car
nley
Har
bour
Musgrave Harbour
McL
enna
nI n
l et
25M
usgr
ave
Har
bour
Tagu
aB
ay
75
Col
erid
geB
ay
Wes
tern
Arm
25W
ater
fall
Inle
t
25C
amp
Cov
e
75
75
Ray
nal
Poin
t
75
*MH
WS
: Mea
n H
igh
Wat
er S
prin
gs
Island Topography Sourced from Topographic Map 260 -Auckland Islands. Crown Copyright Reserved.
NO
T TO
BE
US
ED
FO
R N
AVIG
ATIO
NA
L P
UR
PO
SE
S75
Anc
hora
ges
(Anc
hor a
t ow
n di
scre
tion)
For V
esse
ls
up to
25
met
res
For V
esse
ls
up to
75
met
res
25
Ves
sels
may
anc
hor w
ithin
30
0 m
eter
s fro
m th
e M
HW
S in
the
desi
gnat
ed a
ncho
rage
loca
tions
For V
esse
ls
up to
75
met
res
(if w
ind
spee
d is
<35
knot
s)
75
The
mas
ter o
f any
ves
sel e
nter
ing
any
of th
e Su
bant
arct
ic Is
land
s ne
eds
to ta
ke p
artic
ular
ac
coun
t of t
he e
�ect
of s
tron
g w
inds
.D
ista
nce
to M
HW
S
Up
to 3
00 m
(0.1
62 n
m)
300
m to
600
m (0
.162
nm
- 0.
324
nm)
600
m to
100
0 m
(0.3
24 n
m -
0.54
0 nm
)
Exce
ss o
f 100
0 m
(0.5
40 n
m)
Vess
el C
lass
(met
res)
Anc
illar
y C
raft
Up
to 2
5 m
Bet
wee
n 25
- 12
5 m
La
rge
(>12
5 m
)
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Dis
cret
iona
ry
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Pro
hibi
ted
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Pro
hibi
ted
Pro
hibi
ted
Dis
cret
iona
ry
Per
mitt
ed
(met
res
& n
autic
al m
iles)
76 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Map
5.
Ves
sel a
cces
s re
stric
tions
, Ant
ipod
es Is
land
s.
178°
51'E
178°
51'E
178°
42'E
178°
42'E
49°3
9'S
49°3
9'S
49°4
4'S
49°4
4'S
±
04
2nm
Ant
ipod
esIs
land
Leew
ard
I.
Bol
lons
I.
Win
dwar
dI.
NO
T TO
BE
USE
D F
OR
NAV
IGAT
ION
AL
PURP
OSE
S*M
HW
S: M
ean
Hig
h W
ater
Spr
ings
Map
5
Dis
tanc
e to
MH
WS
Up
to 3
00 m
(0.1
62 n
m)
300
m to
600
m (0
.162
nm
- 0.
324
nm)
600
m to
100
0 m
(0.3
24 n
m -
0.54
0 nm
)
Exce
ss o
f 100
0 m
(0.5
40 n
m)
Vess
el C
lass
(met
res)
Anc
illar
y C
raft
Up
to 2
5 m
Bet
wee
n 25
- 12
5 m
La
rge
(>12
5 m
)
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Dis
cret
iona
ry
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Pro
hibi
ted
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Pro
hibi
ted
Pro
hibi
ted
Dis
cret
iona
ry
Per
mitt
ed
(met
res
& n
autic
al m
iles)
The
mas
ter o
f any
ves
sel e
nter
ing
any
of th
e Su
bant
arct
ic Is
land
s ne
eds
to ta
ke p
artic
ular
ac
coun
t of t
he e
�ect
of s
tron
g w
inds
.
77Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Map
6.
Ves
sel a
cces
s re
stric
tions
, Cam
pbel
l Isl
and/
Mot
u Ih
upuk
u.
169°
0'E
169°
0'E
52°3
3'S
52°3
3'S
±
05
2.5
nm
03
1.5
nm
B1
B1
Cam
pbel
lIsl
and Ja
quem
artI
.
Isle
deJe
anet
teM
arie
Sout
hP
t
Ereb
usP
t
Nor
thC
ape
Hoo
kK
eys
Den
tI.
Nor
thw
est
BayG
omez
I.
Smoo
thw
ater
Bay
Per
s erv
e ra n
c eH
a rb ou
r
Pe r
ser v
e ran
ceH
arbo
ur
NO
T TO
BE
US
ED
FO
R N
AVIG
ATIO
NA
L P
UR
PO
SE
S*M
HW
S: M
ean
Hig
h W
ater
Spr
ings
Isla
nd T
opog
raph
y S
ourc
ed fr
om T
opog
raph
ic M
ap -
Cam
pbel
l Isl
ands
. Cro
wn
Cop
yrig
ht R
eser
ved.
75
Anc
hora
ges
Ves
sels
may
anc
hor w
ithin
30
0 m
eter
s fro
m th
e M
HW
S in
the
desi
gnat
ed a
ncho
rage
loca
tions
(A
ncho
r at o
wn
disc
retio
n)
For V
esse
ls
up to
75
met
res
Pers
ever
ance
Har
bour
75
75
Dis
tanc
e to
MH
WS
Up
to 3
00 m
(0.1
62 n
m)
300
m to
600
m (0
.162
nm
- 0.
324
nm)
600
m to
100
0 m
(0.3
24 n
m -
0.54
0 nm
)
Exce
ss o
f 100
0 m
(0.5
40 n
m)
Vess
el C
lass
(met
res)
Anc
illar
y C
raft
Up
to 2
5 m
Bet
wee
n 25
- 12
5 m
La
rge
(>12
5 m
)
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Dis
cret
iona
ry
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Pro
hibi
ted
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Pro
hibi
ted
Pro
hibi
ted
Dis
cret
iona
ry
Per
mitt
ed
(met
res
& n
autic
al m
iles)
The
mas
ter o
f any
ves
sel e
nter
ing
any
of th
e Su
bant
arct
ic Is
land
s ne
eds
to ta
ke p
artic
ular
ac
coun
t of t
he e
�ect
of s
tron
g w
inds
.
78 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Map
7.
Vess
el a
cces
s re
stric
tions
, Sna
res
Isla
nds/
Tini
Hek
e.
166°
40'3
0"E
166°
40'3
0"E
166°
30'0
"E
166°
30'0
"E
48°1
'0"S
48°1
'0"S
Snar
es Is
land
exe
mpt
ion
zone
Acc
ess
for c
ruis
e sh
ips
usin
g an
y fu
el ty
pe
±
03
6nm
Nor
thE
astI
slan
d
Ale
rtSt
ack
Bro
ught
onI.
Van
couv
er
Weste
rnC
hain
Roc
k
Dap
tion
Roc
ks
*MH
WS:
Mea
n H
igh
Wat
er S
prin
gs
Dis
tanc
e to
MH
WS
Up
to 3
00 m
(0.1
62 n
m)
300
m to
600
m (0
.162
nm
- 0.
324
nm)
600
m to
100
0 m
(0.3
24 n
m -
0.54
0 nm
)
Exce
ss o
f 100
0m (0
.540
nm
)
Vess
el C
lass
(met
res)
Anc
illar
y C
raft
Up
to 2
5 m
Bet
wee
n 25
- 12
5 m
La
rge
(>12
5 m
)
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Dis
cret
iona
ry
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Pro
hibi
ted
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Pro
hibi
ted
Pro
hibi
ted
Dis
cret
iona
ry
Per
mitt
ed
(met
res
& n
autic
al m
iles)
(Sub
ject
to ru
le 3
4)
The
mas
ter o
f any
ves
sel e
nter
ing
any
of th
e Su
bant
arct
ic Is
land
s ne
eds
to ta
ke p
artic
ular
ac
coun
t of t
he e
�ect
of s
tron
g w
inds
.
79Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Map
8.
Ves
sel a
cces
s re
stric
tions
, Bou
nty
Isla
nds.
179°
6'E
179°
6'E
47°4
5'S
47°4
5'S
±
01
0.5
nm
NO
T TO
BE
US
ED
FO
R N
AVIG
ATIO
NA
L P
UR
PO
SE
S*M
HW
S: M
ean
Hig
h W
ater
Spr
ings
Dis
tanc
e to
MH
WS
Up
to 3
00 m
(0.1
62 n
m)
300
m to
600
m (0
.162
nm
- 0.
324
nm)
600
m to
100
0 m
(0.3
24 n
m -
0.54
0 nm
)
Exce
ss o
f 100
0m (0
.540
nm
)
Vess
el C
lass
(met
res)
Anc
illar
y C
raft
Up
to 2
5 m
Bet
wee
n 25
- 12
5 m
La
rge
(>12
5 m
)
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Dis
cret
iona
ry
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Pro
hibi
ted
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Per
mitt
ed
Pro
hibi
ted
Pro
hibi
ted
Dis
cret
iona
ry
Per
mitt
ed
(met
res
& n
autic
al m
iles)
The
mas
ter o
f any
ves
sel e
nter
ing
any
of th
e Su
bant
arct
ic Is
land
s ne
eds
to ta
ke p
artic
ular
ac
coun
t of t
he e
�ect
of s
tron
g w
inds
.
80 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Map
9.
Ves
sel a
cces
s re
stric
tions
, Rao
ul Is
land
and
out
lyin
g is
land
s.
178°
W
178°
W
29°
S29
° S
Vess
el A
cces
s R
estri
ctio
ns -
Rao
ul Is
land
& O
utly
ing
Isla
nds
C1
C2
C3
±M
eyer
Is.
Nap
ier I
.N
ugen
t I. D
ayre
ll I.
Cha
nter
Mey
er Is
.
Cha
nter
Is.
Day
rell
I.
Nap
ier I
.N
ugen
t I.
Rao
ul Is
land D
enha
m
Bay
Isla
nds± ±
±
02.
55
1.25
km
01
20.
5km
01
20.
5km
01
20.
5km
C1
C3
C2
Eger
ia R
ock
Bay
Cor
al
Pars
on's
Roc
k
He r
a ld I
s l et s
Den
ham
Bay
Boa
tC
ove
Miln
e Is
lets
Dou
gall
Roc
ks
Dis
tanc
e fr
om M
HW
S* (m
etre
s)
300m
600m
Ves
sels
may
not
anc
hor
with
in 3
00 m
eter
sfro
m th
e M
HW
S
No
max
imum
ves
sel s
ize
Anc
hora
ges
Anc
horin
g w
ithin
30
0 m
eter
s fro
m
the
MH
SW
is a
llow
able
*MH
WS
= M
ean
Hig
h W
ater
Spr
ing
Sur
roun
ding
Isle
ts in
clud
e:N
apie
r Isl
and,
Nug
ent I
slla
nd,
Mey
er Is
land
s an
d th
e H
eral
d
Isla
nd T
opog
raph
y S
ourc
ed fr
om
Topo
grap
hic
Map
: R
aoul
Isla
nd,
Cro
wn
Cop
yrig
ht R
eser
ved.
NO
T TO
BE
US
ED
FO
R N
AVIG
ATIO
NA
L P
UR
PO
SE
S
Fish
ing
Roc
k
Mey
erIs
land
s
Cha
nter
Isla
nds
Den
ham
Bay
Boa
tC
ove
(Anc
hor a
t ow
n di
scre
tion)
Map
9
Vess
el T
ype
Dis
tanc
e fr
om M
HW
S(M
eter
s)
Up
to 3
00 m
(0.1
62 n
m)
300
m -
600
m (0
.162
nm
- 0.
324
nm)
Excc
ess
of 6
00m
(0.5
40 n
m)
Anc
illar
y Cr
aft
Vess
els
larg
er th
an Z
odia
cs
(Rao
ul Is
land
onl
y)Ve
ssel
s la
rger
than
Zod
iacs
(S
urro
undi
ng Is
lets
)
Perm
itted
Perm
itted
Perm
itted
Perm
itted
Perm
itted
Dis
cret
iona
ryD
iscr
etio
nary
Dis
cret
iona
ry
Perm
itted
81Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Map
10.
Ves
sel a
cces
s re
stric
tions
, Mac
aule
y, C
hees
eman
and
Cur
tis Is
land
s, an
d L’
Espe
ranc
e Ro
ck.
E±
Che
esem
an &
Cur
tis Is
land
Mac
aule
y Is
land
L'Es
pera
nce
Roc
k
±C
hees
eman
I.
Cur
tis
I.
Has
zard
Ins
let
Mac
aule
y Is
.
L'E
sper
ance
Roc
k
Hav
re R
ock
MH
WS
*=M
ean
Hig
h W
ater
Spr
ings
00.
91.
80.
45km
05
102.
5km
01
20.
5km
±
600
met
ers
(0.3
24 n
m)
from
MH
WS
*
Lege
nd
NO
T TO
BE
US
ED
FO
R N
AVIG
ATIO
NA
L P
UR
PO
SE
S
Dis
tanc
e fr
om M
HW
S (m
etre
s)
Vess
el T
ype
Anc
illar
y Cr
aft
Vess
els
larg
er th
an A
ncill
ary
Craf
t
0 - 6
00 m
(0.3
24 n
m)
Perm
itted
Perm
itted
Perm
itted
Dis
cret
iona
ry
Excc
ess
of 6
00 m
(0.3
24 n
m)
82 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Appendix 2
Sites of cultural and historic heritage
Site iSlAnd GRouP nZAA Site Site nAme/tyPe
numBeR numBeR
on mAPS
1 Auckland islands Au/6 Derry Castle shipwreck, enderby island.
2 Auckland islands Au/11 Sally shipwreck, Rose island.
3 Auckland islands Au/14 Marie Alice or the Stoneleigh shipwreck, top of Auckland island.
4 Auckland islands Au/15 Compadre shipwreck, north Harbour.
5 Auckland islands Au/16 Invercauld shipwreck, north coast.
6 Auckland islands Au/17 General Grant shipwreck, mid west coast of Auckland island.
7 Auckland islands Au/18 Anjou shipwreck, southern end, west coast of Auckland island.
8 Auckland islands Au/29 davis Bay and erebus cove Boat haulouts, Port Ross.
9* Auckland islands Au/42 Grafton shipwreck*, north Arm, carnley Harbour.
10 Auckland islands Au/44 camp cove castaway boatshed site, camp cove, carnley Harbour, Auckland island.
11 Auckland islands Au/51 Dundonald shipwreck, disappointment island.
12 Auckland islands Au/107 Haskell Bay ship remains, Webling Bay.
13 Auckland islands Au/117 camp cove coastal features, camp cove, carnley Harbour, Auckland island.
14 Auckland islands Au/123 Survey Bay boat run.
15 Auckland islands Au/124 tagua track and landing, tagua Bay, carnley Harbour, Auckland island.
16 campbell island/motu ihupuku cA/42 Jetty at Beeman meteorological base from 1957, Perseverance Harbour.
17 campbell island/motu ihupuku cA/21 Brick tryworks platform—part covered at high tide, Perseverance Harbour.
18 campbell island/motu ihupuku cA/23 Historic hut next to above beach—19th century glass on beach dates the remains, Perseverance Harbour.
19 campbell island/motu ihupuku cA/10 causeway across intertidal area to jetty making use of natural dyke—dates from end of World War 2 (coast watchers) or immediately after (first met. Station), Perseverance Harbour.
20 campbell island/motu ihupuku cA/17 farming era (1895–1931) boulder arrangements on beach, including a ‘tidal fence’ from land to low water to stop stock from getting around the seaward end, Perseverance Harbour.
21 campbell island/motu ihupuku cA/19 farming era peat cutting in bank at rear of beach, Perseverance Harbour.
22 campbell island/motu ihupuku cA/20 farming era peat cutting in bank at rear of beach, Perseverance Harbour.
23 campbell island/motu ihupuku cA/9 farming era tucker cove homestead complex—includes boat run across the beach and boulders across rear of beach at bottom of brick ramp up to the house, Perseverance Harbour.
24 campbell island/motu ihupuku cA/25 farming era jetty and adjacent woolshed and yards.
25 campbell island/motu ihupuku cA/16 Stone jetty—likely made by french transit of venus expedition, 1873—74, Perseverance Harbour.
26 campbell island/motu ihupuku cA/8 castaway depot—late 19th century, includes boat run across beach to boat shed, store shed nearby, Perseverance Harbour
27 campbell island/motu ihupuku cA/18 tidal fence—farming era, Perseverance Harbour.
28 campbell island/motu ihupuku cA/40 Hut site next to beach; an old iron boiler on beach; iron bolt in rock dyke below high water and some shifting of boulders on beach for boat landing(s), Perseverance Harbour.
29 campbell island/motu ihupuku cA/4 venus cove 1874 french transit of venus camp. Remains of stone jetty in centre of bay; hut sites; paths and instrument bases eroding to beach, Perseverance Harbour.
Continued on next page
* these sites are also included in policy 34 for active conservation.
83Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
* these sites are also included in policy 34 for active conservation.
Site iSlAnd GRouP nZAA Site Site nAme/tyPe
numBeR numBeR
on mAPS
30* campbell island/motu ihupuku cA/3 Whaling station* 1911–1914 jetty remains, ringbolts etc., intertidal sea wall around most of point, northeast Harbour.
31 campbell island/motu ihupuku cA/32 two inch (c. 50 mm) internal diameter water pipe crosses beach from source on hill above to harbour and, presumably, across to whaling station, northeast Harbour.
32 campbell island/motu ihupuku cA/2 Whaling Station 1909–1917. Boat shed on the Sandy Bay shore; accomodation.
33 campbell island/motu ihupuku cA/2 Whaling capstan, capstan cove, dragged parts of whale to the beach for processing, norhtwest Bay.
34 campbell island/motu ihupuku cA/28 A shipwreck fragment. West side of stream between Six foot lake and monument Harbour.
35 Raoul island K036/05 Rosa Y Carmen burials.
36 Raoul island K036/23 Picton Shipwreck.
37 Raoul island K036/24 Shiner Shipwreck.
38 Raoul island K036/27 Kinei Maru No. 10 Shipwreck.
39 Raoul island K036/28 Salano Shipwreck.
40 Raoul island Wairuna Shipwreck.
Appendix 2 continued from previous page
84 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
9
8
7
6
5
4 32
1
15
14
1211
10 &13
166°20'E
166°20'E
166°0'E
166°0'E
50°30'S 50°30'S
50°45'S 50°45'S
±
0 9 184.5 km
Auckland Island
Disappointment I.
Adams I.
Carnley Harbour
NOT TO BE USED FOR NAVIGATIONAL PURPOSESAuckland IslandsSites of cultural and historic heritageRefer to Appendix 2 for a list of the NZAA site number anddescription of of each site
85Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
34
3332
31
30
29
28
27
2524
2322
2120
1918
1716
26
05
2.5
km0
12
0.5
km
Gom
ez I
.
Isle
de
Jean
ee
Mar
ie
Jaqu
emar
t I.
Cam
pbel
l Isl
and
169°
10'E
52°3
0'S
52°4
0'S
169°
10'0
"E16
9°9'
30"E
169°
9'0"
E16
9°8'
30"E
169°
8'0"
E16
9°7'
30"E
52°3
3'0"
S
52°3
3'30
"S
Cam
pb
ell I
slan
d /
M
otu
Ihup
uku
Site
s of
cul
tura
l and
his
toric
her
itage
Ref
er to
App
endi
x 2
for a
list
of t
he N
ZAA
site
num
ber a
ndde
scrip
tion
of o
f eac
h si
te
86 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
177°
55'W
29°1
5'S
Rao
ul Is
land
Ker
mad
ec Is
land
sS
ites
of c
ultu
ral a
nd h
isto
ric h
erita
ge
Ref
er to
App
endi
x 2
for a
list
of t
he N
ZAA
site
num
ber a
ndde
scrip
tion
of o
f eac
h si
te
Dou
gall
Roc
ks
Pars
on's
Roc
k
Den
ham
B
ay
Rao
ul Is
land
Nug
ent I
.N
apie
r I.
Day
rell
I.
Cha
nter
Is.
Mey
er Is
.
37
36
38
35
40. W
airu
na S
hipw
reck
(exa
ct lo
catio
n un
know
n)39
87Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Appendix 3
Vessel hull and niche area inspection form for voluntary approach until 1 year after the plan becomes operative
DepartmentofConservationTe Papa Atawhai
Vessel Hull and Niche Area Inspection Certificate
For completion by applicant: The applicant is responsible for all activities associated in meeting the specifications required by this form.
VESSEL NAME ………………………………………………………………………………..
DEPARTURE PORT ……………….…………………………………………………………..
OWNER/OPERATOR NAME …...…………………………………………………………….
DATE LAST ANTI-FOULED …………………………………………………………………
ANTI-FOUL TYPE .....……..…..………………………………………………………………
LOCATION …………………………………………………………………………………….
LOCATIONS TREATED ………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
…………………………………………………………………………………………………...
Ports or anchorages visited since either last antifouling paint renewal or over the past
3 months (whichever was more recent) and time resided at each location (no. days)
COPY OF ANTI-FOUL CERTIFICATE SENT TO THE DEPARTMENT OF
CONSERVATION? YES/NO DATE …………………..
SIGNED …………………………………………………….… DATE ……………..……….. Applicant (or person under authority from applicant)
For completion by approved inspector*1
INSPECTOR NAME ……….…………………............ DATE INSPECTED .…..…………...
COMPANY NAME ……………………………...…… COMPANY PHONE ….……..……..
88 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
For the InspectorAll parts of the form must be clearly filled out and all areas of the vessel marked as Pass, Fail or N/A.Ensure that a copy of the form is sent to both the Department and the Operator as soon as practicable.Refer below for contact details for Department’s Warkworth Great Barrier Area Office if intending to go to the Kermadec Islands and Southern Islands Area Office if going to the Subantarctic Islands.
VESSEL INSPECTION CHECKLIST Mark box with a cross ⌧ to indicate a pass or fail. A fail must be marked for any growth that does not meet the specification*2. An ‘N/A’ only applies if specified area does not exist for described vessel. If an organism is found and removed, a Pass can be recorded but the details must be recorded in the Comments section.
Pass Fail N/A
HULLSURFACE
KEEL
ENGINE/BALLASTINTAKES
PROPELLERSHAFTANDCASING
PROPELLERBLADESANDBOSS
RUDDER
RUDDERSHAFTRECESS
SEACHESTS*3(NUMBERINSPECTED:………..)
CENTREPLATEANDCASING
BOWTHRUSTERS
COMMENTS: (please include details of any organisms removed from vessel including quantity, location found and organism type, if known, and digital images. Also include any remedial work, such as cleaning, that has taken place and whether samples were collected).
I have conducted a thorough, impartial inspection of the vessel detailed above and the report is an accurate description of the fouling state of the vessels hull.
SIGNED…………………………………………………..………..DATE………………….…
For the InspectorAll parts of the form must be clearly filled out and all areas of the vessel marked as Pass, Fail or N/A.Ensure that a copy of the form is sent to both the Department and the Operator as soon as practicable. Refer below for contact details for Department’s Warkworth Area Office if intending to go the Kermadec Islands and Southern Islands Area Office if going to the Subantarctic Islands.
89Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Contact details:
Dept of Conservation, Southern Islands Area Office7th Floor, CUE on Don,33 Don StreetInvercargill
Ph: +64 3 211 2400Fax: +64 3 214 4486
Email: [email protected]
Dept of Conservation, Warkworth Great Barrier Area Office28 Baxter StreetWarkworth
Ph: +64 9 425 7812Fax: +64 9 425 7813
Email: [email protected]
For the ApplicantA pass in all areas checked indicates that the vessel hull has met the requirements to be classified as a ‘Low Risk’. It is the responsibility of the Operator to ensure that the Inspector has forwarded a copy of the form to the Department. In the instance of a ‘Pass’ in all areas checked, no further action is required apart from the requirement to ensure that the Department has received the report and has confirmed it meets the required standard.
A Fail in any of the areas indicates that the vessel has failed to meet the requirement of ‘Low Risk’ and remedial action will be required.
General note: The Department of Conservation or other contracted party reserves the right to conduct spot checks on any permitted vessels before their departure to the Subantarctic Islands for the purpose of auditing the vessel inspection system.
Notes for completion of inspection form
*1 A list of DOC approved inspectors is available from either the Southern Islands Area Office or the Warkworth Great Barrier Island Area Office, contact details below, or from the DOC website:
[weblink to approved dive service providers] In the event an approved inspector is not available/appropriate for a particular inspection, the applicant may submit details of an alternative inspector. Alternative inspectors must be legally and physically capable of carrying out an appropriate inspection for the purpose, have no vested interest in the vessel and be approved by DOC before carrying out an inspection.
*2 For the purposes of this assessment a vessel is considered ‘Low Risk’ when it is free of absolutely all visible organisms (weed or animals), other than the ‘brown fuzz’ which grows rapidly on hulls and is deemed to pose minimal risk. A ‘Fail’ must be recorded regardless of whether they are considered by the inspector or vessel owner to be native NZ species or otherwise. This is due to: the risk of misidentification of species; because many native mainland NZ species are not found in the Subantarctic or Kermadec Islands; and any fouling increases the likelihood of additional species being present.
*3 Given the difficulty of checking sea chests underwater, they should be checked using a torch.
Contact details:
Dept of Conservation, Southern Islands Area Office 7th Floor, CUE on Don, 33 Don Street InvercargillPh: +64 (03) 211 2400.
Fax: +64 3 214 4486
Email: [email protected]
Dept of Conservation, Warkworth Area Office 28 Baxter Street Warkworth Ph: +64 (09) 425 7813
Fax: +64 9 425 7813
Email: [email protected]
90 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Appendix 4
Vessel hull and niche area inspection protocols and forms for rules 26 27 and 27 2835
The sections below describe hull sampling protocols that target both general hull locations and niche areas. The overall objective of the inspection described is to detect the majority of biofouling species occurring on a vessel’s hull. The inspection cannot guarantee an absence of biofouling as it has not been designed using a statistical framework that will provide a level of confidence of ‘freedom of infestation’. The inspection is not intended to estimate the abundance of individual species on the vessel (e.g. biomass, or numbers of individuals). However, it does provide an indication of the presence of fouling and a quantitative estimate of the extent of biofouling. The protocols described here use a Level of Fouling (LOF) index to quantify biofouling.
There is a form to be completed by the dive service provider. This form and the full explanation of the in-water hull inspection protocol is available on the DOC website, including the Level of Fouling (LOF) index to quantify biofouling .
The following paragraphs describe how the inspection is to be undertaken.
Information on vessel travel and maintenance history
As part of the biofouling inspection, the following information is to be collected from the vessel’s captain (or nominated crew):
Date and location of last antifouling paint renewal. •Ports or anchorages visited since either the last antifouling paint renewal or over the •past 3 months (whichever was more recent), and time resided at each location (no. days).
In-water inspection
During a vessel inspection, divers will examine general hull areas and niche areas occurring around the vessel as described below, and as shown on Figures A4.1 and A4.2. Ideally, a plan of the ship should be consulted prior to the inspection to identify areas on the hull that need to be targeted and their exact location. Digital images will be taken and a Level of Fouling (LOF) rank will be provided.
digital images
A digital underwater camera for taking close-up images of biofouling assemblages is required. The camera should be equipped with an adequate strobe positioned in a way that minimises over- or underexposure of the image and back-scatter.
Images can also be used to verify LOF ranks following an inspection. A digital image should be taken of biofouling organisms in situ. A slate should be visible in each image to identify the location (e.g. rudder, keel, hull) of the image. The image should be taken at a distance of approximately 30 cm from the hull surface to ensure organisms are visible in sufficient detail. A distance rod can be attached to the camera to ensure a constant distance. Lower distances may need to be used in sampling locations with poor visibility.
35 The inspection, sampling and reporting protocols included in this appendix are based on recommendations from Floerl, O.; Wilkens, S.; Inglis, G. 2010: Development of a template for vessel hull inspections and assessment of biosecurity risks to the Kermadec and sub-Antarctic Islands regions. NIWA.
91Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Vertical stern transects
Two vertical transects are inspected at the stern: one on the port and one on the starboard side. Each transect receives a LOF rank, and has representative images taken of any organisms encountered. The vertical transects are best situated approximately 5 metres from the stern, where the hull curves inwards (Figure A4.1). When surveying the transects, the divers slowly descend from the waterline to the deepest part of the hull (keel bottom) and look for biofouling. The width of observation should be approximately 1 metre. In low-visibility environments, two divers may need to swim side-by-side and cover a width of 0.5 metres each. A LOF rank should be allocated to each transect on the basis of the amount and diversity of biofouling encountered (see below for how to allocate LOF ranks).
Figure A4.1. Biofouling inspection of general hull areas using vertical stern transects and horizontal waterline transects of both port and starboard areas.
Waterline transect
Vertical stern
transect
PortandstarboardLOFrankDigitalimagesSamples(ifbiofouling)
Waterline transect
Vertical stern
transect
PortandstarboardLOFrankDigitalimagesSamples(ifbiofouling)
Figure A4.2. Biofouling inspection of niche areas.
Rudderandruddershaft
Propellerandshaft
KeelDry
dockingsupportstrips
Seachestgratings
Bowthruster
Bilgekeels
Intake/outletpipes
Anodes
Waterline
Damagedpaintsurface Portandstarboard
LOFrankDigitalimagesSamples(ifbiofouling)
Rudderandruddershaft
Propellerandshaft
KeelDry
dockingsupportstrips
Seachestgratings
Bowthruster
Bilgekeels
Intake/outletpipes
Anodes
Waterline
Damagedpaintsurface
Rudderandruddershaft
Propellerandshaft
KeelDry
dockingsupportstrips
Seachestgratings
Bowthruster
Bilgekeels
Intake/outletpipes
Anodes
Waterline
Damagedpaintsurface
Rudderandruddershaft
Propellerandshaft
KeelDry
dockingsupportstrips
Seachestgratings
Bowthruster
Bilgekeels
Intake/outletpipes
Anodes
Waterline
Damagedpaintsurface Portandstarboard
LOFrankDigitalimagesSamples(ifbiofouling)
92 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Representative digital images should be taken of biofouling organisms present in each transect to provide a permanent record. Images should be taken at a constant distance of approximately 30 cm from the hull surface. Each image should contain a slate or label identifying the location it was taken in (e.g. stern transect, on port side).
horizontal transects
During the horizontal waterline transect, the divers inspect the hull from the waterline to approximately 1 metre below the waterline along the entire length of the vessel on both port and starboard sides. Biofouling is particularly likely to occur in areas where the antifouling paint is damaged as a result of abrasion during docking operations or where the vessel has struck floating debris. The waterline transect is divided into three parts:
Waterline (stern)1. Waterline (amidships)2. Waterline (bow)3.
Each of these segments is allocated a separate LOF. Digital images should be taken.
Niche areas
Most biofouling on most vessels is located within niche areas. The most common niche areas on vessel hulls are listed below. The codes in brackets represent abbreviations that can be used for identification slates for the digital images. Niche areas marked by an asterisk (*) are likely to be present on both port and starboard sides of a vessel, in which case both need to be inspected.
Rudder and rudder shaft/recess [RS] •Propeller and propeller shaft* [PS] •Anodes* (often several along hull) [AN] •Dry-docking support strips (areas along keel bottom on which the vessel rests while •in dry-dock; thus lack antifouling paint) [DS]Sea chest gratings* [GR] •Openings of intake or outflow pipes* [OP] •Bilge keel* [BK] •Bow thrusters* [BT] •Areas of damaged paint surface* [DP] •
An illustration of a vessel’s niche areas is given in Figure A4.2. Not all of these niche areas will be present on each inspected vessel, but each of those present needs to be targeted during the inspection. Each niche area should be inspected in its entirety and be allocated with a LOF rank on the basis of the amount and diversity of biofouling present in the entire niche area. One or several digital images should be taken of each niche area, and in each image a slate should be visible identifying the location it was taken in (e.g. BT, DS).
If the divers encounter biofouling outside the hull transects and niche areas listed above, images should be taken and the location described.
93Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
A. Vessel details and inspection summary Contact details
1. vessel name:
2. date and location of inspection:
3. inspecting company, representative and contact details:
4. vessel captain or crew representative and contact details:
Maintenance and travel history
5. date of last antifouling paint renewal:
6. date and location of last in-water inspection, brief description of results and treatment undertaken:
7. Ports and countries visited in past 3 months or since past antifouling paint renewal (whichever was more recent):
Main inspection results
8. Were biofouling organisms encountered on the vessel?
B. overview of biofouling distribution
Hull areas
Side of veSSel done? (y/n) lof RAnK (0–5) BiofoulinG detected?
1. vertical stern transect Port
Starboard
2. Waterline transect Port
Starboard
3. opportunistic collections
94 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
36 Floerl, O.; Inglis, G.J.; Haydon, B. 2005: A risk-based predictive tool to prevent accidental introductions of non-indigenous marine species. Environmental Management 35(6) : 765–778.
Using the level of Fouling (loF) rank index to quantify biofouling on vessel hulls
The LOF scale was developed by NIWA as a quick and effective method of quantifying biofouling on vessel hulls36.
LOF ranks range from 0 to 5 and the various ranks along with example images for hull biofouling assemblages are provided in the following tables. One particularly important fact about the LOF scale is that so-called macrofouling organisms (e.g. barnacles, tubeworms, bivalves) are absent from areas defined as LOF rank 0 (entirely free of biofouling) and 1 (slime fouling only). That means that the lowest LOF rank that can be allocated to an area where there is a single barnacle, bivalve or other macrofouling organism, is a LOF rank of 2.
The use of the LOF scale is simple and quick and based on both (i) the areal extent, and (ii) the diversity of biofouling in a target area.
During a vessel inspection, an LOF rank is allocated to the entire area under inspection, i.e. a niche area or a hull transect. Using a vessel’s propeller as an example, the entire propeller (blades, boss, shaft) is examined and a single LOF rank is allocated based on the entire structure. Similarly, a single LOF rank is allocated to the vertical stern transect, and to each of the stern, amidships or bow segments of the waterline transect.
Niche areas
nicHe AReA (Add otHeRS if APPlicABle)
nicHe PReSent? (y/n); Side of veSSel
inSPected? (y/n) lof RAnK (0–5) BiofoulinG detected?
Rudder and shaft
Propeller and shaft
Anodes1.2.3.4.
dry-docking support strips
Sea chest gratings1.2.3.4.
intake/outflow openings1.2.3.4.
Bilge keels
Bow thruster
damaged paint surfaces1.2.3.4.
95Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Figure A4.3. Definition of the LOF ranks (ranging from 0 to 5) and example images of vessel hull surfaces of each of the different ranks (continued on next page).
LOF rank
Criteria
0 No visible biofouling. Hull entirely clean, no slime fouling (biofilm) on any visible submerged parts of the hull.
1 Hull partially or completely covered in slime fouling (biofilm). Absence of any macrofouling.
2 Light biofouling. 1–5% of visible surface covered by very patchy macrofouling. Remaining area often covered in slime. Examples below show presence vs. absence of fouling in two adjacent areas of a vessel hull.
96 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
LOF rank
Criteria
3 Moderate biofouling. Macrofouling clearly visible (usually > 1 species) but still patchy. 6–15% of visible hull surface covered by macrofouling. Remaining area often covered in slime.
4 Extensive fouling. 16–40% of visible hull surface covered by macrofouling, generally with several distinct types of organisms. Remaining area often covered in slime.
5 Very heavy fouling. 41–100% of visible hull surface covered by macrofouling, often with many distinct types of organisms. Remaining area often covered in slime.
Figure A4.3—continued.
97Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Appendix 5
Statutory Restrictions in Parts 2 and 3 of the RMA
legislative framework—the Resource Management Act 1991
The cornerstone of the Act is Part II, the Purpose and Principles. All the section references below refer to sections in the RMA.
5 Purpose
(1) The purpose of this Act is to promote the sustainable management of natural and physical resources.
(2) In this Act, sustainable management means managing the use, development, and protection of natural and physical resources in a way, or at a rate, which enables people and communities to provide for their social, economic, and cultural wellbeing and for their health and safety while— (a) Sustaining the potential of natural and physical resources (excluding minerals)
to meet the reasonably foreseeable needs of future generations; and (b) Safeguarding the life-supporting capacity of air, water, soil, and ecosystems; and (c) Avoiding, remedying, or mitigating any adverse effects of activities on the
environment.
6 Matters of national importance
In achieving the purpose of this Act, all persons exercising functions and powers under it, in relation to managing the use, development, and protection of natural and physical resources, shall recognise and provide for the following matters of national importance:
(a) The preservation of the natural character of the coastal environment (including the coastal marine area), wetlands, and lakes and rivers and their margins, and the protection of them from inappropriate subdivision, use, and development:
(b) The protection of outstanding natural features and landscapes from inappropriate subdivision, use, and development:
(c) The protection of areas of significant indigenous vegetation and significant habitats of indigenous fauna:
(d) The maintenance and enhancement of public access to and along the coastal marine area, lakes, and rivers:
(e) The relationship of Māori and their culture and traditions with their ancestral lands, water, sites, wāhi tapu, and other taonga.
(f) the protection of historic heritage from inappropriate subdivision, use, and development.
(g) the protection of recognised customary activities.
98 Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
7 other matters
In achieving the purpose of this Act, all persons exercising functions and powers under it, in relation to managing the use, development, and protection of natural and physical resources, shall have particular regard to—
(a) Kaitiakitanga: (aa) The ethic of stewardship:(b) The efficient use and development of natural and physical resources: (ba) The efficiency of the end use of energy: (c) The maintenance and enhancement of amenity values: (d) Intrinsic values of ecosystems: (e) Repealed. (f) Maintenance and enhancement of the quality of the environment: (g) Any finite characteristics of natural and physical resources: (h) The protection of the habitat of trout and salmon: (i) The effects of climate change:( j) The benefits to be derived from the use and development of renewable energy.
8 Treaty of Waitangi
In achieving the purpose of this Act, all persons exercising functions and powers under it, in relation to managing the use, development, and protection of natural and physical resources, shall take into account the principles of the Treaty of Waitangi (Te Tiriti o Waitangi).
Restrictions on use of the coastal marine area
Part 3 of the Resource Management Act 1991 (RMA) contains duties and restrictions. Sections 12, 14 and 15 of the RMA restrict certain activities in the coastal marine area unless expressly allowed by a rule in a regional coastal plan (i.e. as a permitted activity) or a coastal permit. This Plan contains objectives, policies and methods including rules, which establish the framework within which certain uses are permitted, or prohibited, or for which applications for coastal permits will be accepted and assessed.
99Proposed Regional Coastal Plan: Kermadec and Subantarctic Islands
Appendix 6
other agencies with key roles in CMA
AGency ReSPonSiBility
minister of conservation under •Responsible for sustainable coastal management in conjunction with councils
RmA •Preparation, monitoring and review of new Zealand coastal Policy Statements
•Approval of Regional coastal Plans
department of conservation under •Servicing the minister of conservation
other legislation •Advocating for sustainable coastal management
• implementation of the new Zealand coastal Policy Statement
•marine reserves
•marine mammal and Wildlife Protection
ministry of fisheries • fisheries and habitat management
• fisheries permits for marine farms
mAf Biosecurity nZ •A division of mAf charged with leadership of the new Zealand biosecurity system; it encompasses facilitating international trade, protecting the health of new Zealanders and ensuring the welfare of our environment, flora and fauna, marine life and m-aori resources
maritime new Zealand •marine oil pollution response
•navigation safety—ship standards, navigation aids, shipping routes, manning requirements, maritime safety inspections, aids to navigation
•Search and Rescue
•maritime incident response (including places of refuge)
med (crown minerals) •Allocation of mineral resources
new Zealand Historic Places •new Zealand’s national historic heritage agency and guardian of trust (nZHPt) new Zealand’s national heritage; maintains the Historic Places Register and ArchSite
united nations educational, •establishes the sites to be listed as uneSco World Heritage Sites and is Scientific and cultural organization responsible for the implementation of the World Heritage convention (uneSco) World Heritage committee
Top Related