Data Centers – AHP Model
Ashok Bhatla andMohammad Mansour
What are Data Centers
“A data center (or data centre or datacenter or datacenter) is a facility used to house computer systems and associated components, such as telecommunications and storage systems. It generally includes redundant or backup power supplies, redundant data communications connections, environmental controls (e.g., air conditioning, fire suppression) and security devices.” (Source: WIKI Definition)
Data Centers are Information Factories
Components of a Data Center
ElectricitySystems
Cooling Systems
Humidity Control Systems Security
Systems
Telecom Systems
Compute Equipment
Facts about Data CentersServer racks now designed for more than 25+ kW
Typical facility ~ 1MW, can be > 20 MW
Cost of electricity equaling capital cost of IT equipment
1.5% of all electricity in the U.S. in 2006 ($4.5 Billion)
Growing at 12% per year (will double in 5 years)
Power and cooling constraints in existing facilitiesSource : http://www.doe.gov
Major Issues in Data Centers
Data Center Metrics Power Usage Efficiency (PUE)
Water Usage Effectiveness (WUE) Energy Reuse Effectiveness (ERE)
Data Center Compute Efficiency (DCcE)
D.C Performance per Watt (DCPpW)
Source: http://www.thegreengrid.com http://www.hothardware.com
Data Centers in Remote Locations Google in Dalles, OregonMicrosoft and Yahoo in Quincy, Washington.Facebook in Prineville, OregonAmazon in Boardman, Oregon Intel in Sacramento
Data Center Map – North America
Source : http://www.datacentermap.com/
Purpose of the Study
• Develop a Decision Model for data center site selection for companies settings up their own dedicated data centers.
• Different Hosting Models like Co location, Managed hosting, Outsourcing etc. are also out of scope.
Goal of the Organization
• Setup a modern energy efficient data center with minimum cost, high computing power, at a desired location with low chances of natural disasters – providing best value to the business it serves.
Data Center Infrastructure Standard
ANSI/CSA/EIA/TIA 942Provides standards for planning of data
centers, computer rooms, co-location centers, trading floor equipment rooms, technology test labs and similar spaces.
Standard for determining the quality of a data center and for comparing data centers with each other.
HDM Methodology
Define Overall Key Decisions
Select Different Criteria and Factors
Select Different Alternatives
Gather Expert Opinion for Criteria & Factors
Measure and Identify Relative weights
Calculate Impact of criteria on overall
decisions
Conclude the best possible site for an IT
Data Center
Jobs Creation (F32)
Tax
Structure, Incentives and
Subsidies
(F31)
Laws related to Urban Planning
(F42)
Safety & Security, Crime
(F41)
Land Cost
(F21)
Building Construction
Cost
(F22)
Variable Costs – electricity
cost, property tax
(F23)
Disaster
Avoidance
(F11)Transport
Availability/ Accessibility
(F12)
Telecom
Network Availability
(F13)
Power Availability
(F14)
Water Availability
(F15)
Data Center Site Selection – HDM Model
Geographical
Factors
(C1)
Financial
Factors
(C2)
Political
Factors
(C3)
Social
Factors
(C4)
Respondents Profile
• Expert 1: IT Data Center Manager – responsible for operations of Data Center.
• • Expert 2: Facilities Planner – responsible for design and construction of
buildings• • Expert 3: IT Manager – responsible for infrastructure which includes all IT
equipment• • Expert 4: Finance Analyst – responsible for the NPV and ROI Analysis and
Budgeting etc.• • Expert 5: Electrical Engineer – responsible for Cooling and Power Issues in a
Data Center
Steps
PCM Calculations
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Interpretation of the DataCriterion Factors Desirability Values (0-100)
Alt1: Quincy,Washington
Alt2: Sacramento,
California
Alt3: Charlotte,N. Carolina
Alt4: Dalles,Oregon
C1: Geographical Factors F11: Disaster Avoidance 83 66 79 82
F12: Transport Availability/ Accessibility 66 85 85 71
F13: Telecom Network Availability 66 84 86 79
F14: Power Availability 87 73 83 83F15: Water Availability 77 65 74 81
C2: Financial Factors F21: Land Cost 85 65 70 85
F22: Building Construction Cost 81 74 72 86
F23: Variable Costs – electricity cost, property tax
87 68 76 83
C3: Political Factors F31: Tax Structure, Incentives and Subsidies 90 73 74 92
F32: Jobs Creation 74 77 75 67C4: Social Factors
F41: Safety & Security, Crime 85 69 73 85F42: Laws related to Urban Planning 84 62 63 83
Table 4: Ranking of alternatives against each factor
Discussion
Conclusion
Questions
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