DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
DAML-S BriefingDAML-S Web Services Coalition
Presented by:
David Martin (SRI)Sheila McIlraith (Stanford KSL)
Terry Payne (Southampton)
http://www.daml.org/services/
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
DAML-S Web Services Coalition
BBN: Mark Burstein
CMU: Massimo Paolucci, Katia Sycara
ICSI: Srini Narayanan
Nokia: Ora Lassila
Stanford KSL: Sheila McIlraith
SRI: David Martin
Southampton: Terry Payne
USC-ISI: Jerry Hobbs
Yale: Drew McDermott
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
OutlineDAML-S technical overview & update
Overview of ontology areasProfile, process model, grounding
Progress to dateChallenges, next stepsDirections for 2002-2003
Key challenges (Sheila McIlraith)Joint committee plans (Katia Sycara)
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Convergence on Services• Commercial vendors, media, forecasters, etc.
– Intranets, not just internets
• W3C Web services efforts• Semantic Web community
– DAML-S; WSMF & other EU efforts– ISWC: 10 services-related papers, 7 posters
• Grid computing (OGSA)• Ubiquitous computing (devices)
– Mobile access to services
A remarkable opportunity– Bringing behavioral intelligence to the Web
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
DAML-S: DAML for web Services
A DAML+OIL ontology/language for (formally) describing properties and capabilities of Web services
DAML-??? (Rules, FOL?)
XML (Extensible Markup Language)
RDF (Resource Description Framework)
RDFS (RDF Schema)
DAML+OIL OWL (Ontology)
DAML-S (Services)
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
DAML-S ObjectivesAutomation of service use by software agents
Ideal: full-fledged use of services never before encountered:discovery, selection, composition, invocation, monitoring
Useful in the “real world”Compatible with industry standardsIncremental exploitation
Enable reasoning/planning about servicese.g., On-the-fly composition
Integrated use with information resourcesEase of use; powerful tools
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Automation Enabled by DAML-S
• Web service discovery Find me a shipping service that transports goods to Dubai.
• Web service invocation Buy me 500 lbs. powdered milk from www.acmemoo.com
• Web service selection & composition
Arrange food for 500 people for 2 weeks in Dubai.
• Web service execution monitoring Has the powdered milk been ordered and paid for yet?
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Upper Ontology of Services
Ontology images compliments of Terry Payne, University of Southampton
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
High-level characterization/summary of a serviceUsed for
• Populating service registries• A service can have many profiles
• Automated service discovery• Service selection (matchmaking)
One can derive:• Service advertisements• Service requests
Service Profile: “What does it do?”
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Service ProfileNon Functional Non Functional PropertiesProperties
Functionality Functionality DescriptionDescription
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Styles of use
• Class-hierarchical yellow pages– Implicit capability characterization
– Arrangement of attributes on class hierarchy
– Can use multiple inheritance
• Process summaries for planning purposes– More explicit
– Inputs, outputs, preconditions, effects
– Less reliance on formal hierarchical organization
– Summarizes process model specs
Profile: Recent evolution
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Exploiting Taxonomies of ServicesServiceProfile
ProductProvidingService
Manufacturing
Transportation
ActionService
InfoService
PhysicalProductService Repair
InformationProduct+
physicalProduct+manufacturer+
deliveryRegion*deliveryProvider*
deliveryType
Physical_Product+
transportationMode+geographicRegion+
physicalProduct+
Tie in with UDDI, UNSPSC, …DL Basis for matchmakingMultiple profiles; multiple taxonomies
nameprovider
role+avgResponseTime?
…
FeeBased feeBasis+paymentMethod+
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Upper Ontology of Services
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Service Model“How does it work?”
Process– Interpretable description of service provider’s behavior– Tells service user how and when to interact (read/write
messages)& Process control
– Ontology of process state; supports status queries – (stubbed out at present)
• Used for:– Service invocation, planning/composition, interoperation,
monitoring • All processes have
– Inputs, outputs, preconditions and effects– Function/dataflow metaphor; action/process metaphor
• Composite processes– Control flow– Data flow
Process Model: “How does it work?”
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Service Model / Process Model
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
AcmeTruckShpng
www.acmeair.com
book flight service
• customer name• flight numbers• dates• credit card no.• • ...
• confirmation no.• ...
• failure notification• errror information• …
?
www.acmehotel.com
book hotel service
• confirmation no.• dates• room type• credit card no.• ...
• confirmation no.• ...
• failure notification• …
?
www.acmecar.com
book car service
• customer name• location• car type• dates• credit card no.• ...
• confirmation no.• ...
• failure notification• …
?
• • • •
Composite Process
• • • • • • • • • •
• • • •
?
• • • • • • • • • • •
Input &Preconditions
Output &Effects
• • • •
• • • •
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
• Conditional outputs & effects
• Parameter bindings<rdf:Description rdf:about="#FullCongoBuy">
<sameValues rdf:parseType="daml:collection"> <ValueOf atClass="#FullCongoBuy“ theProperty="#fullCongoBuyBookISBN"/> <ValueOf atClass="#LocatedBookOutput“ theProperty="outInCatalogBookISBN"/> <ValueOf atClass="#CongoBuyBook“ theProperty="#congoBuyBookISBN"/></sameValues>
Pushing the limits of DAML+OIL expressiveness
Process Model: Recent evolution
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Upper Ontology of Services
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Service Grounding: “How to access it”
• Implementation-specific
• Message formatting, transport mechanisms, protocols, serializations of types
• Service Model + Grounding give everything needed for using the service
• Examples: HTTP forms, SOAP, KQML, CORBA IDL, OAA ICL, Java RMI
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
DAML-S / WSDL Grounding
• Web Services Description Language– Authored by IBM, Ariba, Microsoft– Focus of W3C Web Services Description WG– Commercial momentum– Specifies message syntax accepted/generated
by communication ports– Bindings to popular message/transport
standards (SOAP, HTTP, MIME)– Abstract “types”; extensibility elements
• Complementary with DAML-S
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
DL-based Types
WSDL
DAML-S
Process Model
Atomic Process
Operation Message
Inputs / Outputs
Binding to SOAP, HTTP, etc.
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
DAML-S / WSDL Grounding (cont’d)
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Review: Upper Ontology of Services
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Path of EvolutionRelease 0.5 (May 2001)
Initial Profile & Process ontologies
Release 0.6 (December 2001)Refinements to Profile & ProcessResources ontology
Two approaches to formal semanticsSycara/Ankolekar, McIlraith/Narayanan
Release 0.7 (October 2002)DAML-S/WSDL GroundingProfile, Process Model refinementsMore complete examples
Towards 1.0Expressiveness issues; process modeling; industry tie-in
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Related ActivitiesWeb site & mailing lists
http://www.daml.org/services/[email protected]
UsersUMCP (Hendler/Parsia), UMBC (Finin), Manchester (Goble), CMU (Sadeh), Lockheed-
Martin, Ultralog, beta-reviewers, …
ToolsDAML-S publications
WWW10 SW Workshop (2), SWWS, WWW11, Coordination 2002, AAMAS, ICSW (4), IEEE Computer, IEEE Intel. Systems…
W3C Web services activitiesDesignated liaison for WS Arch. WG; Katia Sycara
ExperimentUse cases
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Challenges• Finding the “80/20” line• Profiles: relationship with processes• Process modeling: many issues
– Variability of public/private aspects of Processes– Extending to offline (sub)processes– Generalizing to multiple roles– Failure, transactions
• Where and how to go beyond DAML+OIL?– Interface between DL ontology, logical expressions, algorithm/workflow
representation
• Connecting with Industry– Showing compelling value– Not promising too much– Providing an incremental path
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Next steps / prioritiesFocus on use cases architectureJoint committee forming …Move to OWLModel information servicesProfile: More substantial illustrative taxonomies
Tie in with existing taxonomies where possible (e.g. UNSPSC)
Process ModelEvaluate potential tie-in with an existing effort (WSFL?)
Support real-world useDescribing and using public WSDL servicesPossible collaborations with other SemWeb projectsDemos directed towards Web services community
Tools DAML-S API
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
What’s Next for DAML-S:2 Key Challenge Areas
Presenter: Sheila McIlraith
Stanford
Knowledge Systems Laboratory
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
• Expressiveness of DAML+OIL
• DAML-S Industry Trends complementary compatible influential
Current Challenges
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Expressiveness & Semantics
Problem: DAML+OIL has a well-defined semantics, butit is not sufficiently expressive to characterize all and onlythe intended interpretations of DAML-S.
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Expressiveness & Semantics
Problem: DAML+OIL has a well-defined semantics, butit is not sufficiently expressive to characterize all and onlythe intended interpretations of DAML-S.
Solution 1:A. Distributed operational semantics via Petri Nets.
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Expressiveness & Semantics
Problem: DAML+OIL has a well-defined semantics, butit is not sufficiently expressive to characterize all and onlythe intended interpretations of DAML-S.
Solution 1:A. Distributed operational semantics via Petri Nets.
B. Interleaving function-based operational semantics w/ subtype polymorphism.
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Expressiveness & Semantics
Problem: DAML+OIL has a well-defined semantics, butit is not sufficiently expressive to characterize all and onlythe intended interpretations of DAML-S.
Solution 1:A. Distributed operational semantics via Petri Nets.
B. Interleaving function-based operational semantics w/ subtype polymorphism.
C. Semantics via translation to first-order logic.
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Expressiveness & Semantics
Problem: DAML+OIL has a well-defined semantics, butit is not sufficiently expressive to characterize all and onlythe intended interpretations of DAML-S.
Solution 1:A. Distributed operational semantics via Petri Nets.
B. Interleaving function-based operational semantics w/ subtype polymorphism.
C. Semantics via translation to first-order logic.
Solution 2: DAML Rules?
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Wire Protocols
Description Discovery
TCP/IP
HTTP/SMTP/BEEP
XML
SOAP/XMLP
SOAP Blocks
XML
WSDL
WSDL Extensions
Process
Agreements
Inspection
Registry (UDDI)
Modification of slide by James Snell (IBM)
Industry Trends: The Web Services Stack
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Wire Protocols
Description Discovery
TCP/IP
HTTP/SMTP/BEEP
XML
SOAP/XMLP
SOAP Blocks
XML
WSDL
WSDL Extensions
Inspection
Registry (UDDI)
Modification of slide by James Snell (IBM)
Process
AgreementsD
A
M
L
S
InvocationInteroperationCompositionMonitoringVerification
Automated
Industry Trends: The Web Services Stack
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Wire Protocols
Description Discovery
TCP/IP
HTTP/SMTP/BEEP
XML
SOAP/XMLP
SOAP Blocks
XML
WSDL
WSDL Extensions
Agreements
Inspection
Registry (UDDI)
D
A
M
L
S
InvocationInteroperationCompositionMonitoringVerification
Automated
Industry Trends: The Web Services StackModification of slide by James Snell (IBM)
Process
W3C WS Choreograph GroupBPEL4WS (Microsoft, IBM, BEA)WSCL (HP)BPML (Most but Microsoft)WSCI (Sun, BEA, Yahoo, …)XLANG (Microsoft), WSFL (IBM), …
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
• “Services/Rules” (Web Services: Expressiveness Issues & Industry Trends)
Breakout Sessions
• “Service Use Cases”
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Joint US Europe Semantic Web Services Committee
Presenter: Katia Sycara
Carnegie Mellon University
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Objectives
• Bring together US and European Semantic Web Services researchers
• Engage in collaborative standardization efforts– DAML-S language– Semantic Web Services Architecture
• Possible outcome is a W3C Note
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
Overall Structure
• Language Technical Committee – Co-chairs: David Martin and TBD
• Architecture Technical Committee– Co-chairs: Mark Burstein and Christoph Bussler
• Industrial Advisory Board• Advisory Committee
– Murray Burke, Hans-Georg Stork, Jim Hendler
• Coordinating Committee– Co-chairs: Dieter Fensel and Katia Sycara
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
ISWC2003
• http://iswc2003.semanticweb.org
• Location: Sundial Resort, Sanibel Island, Fla, USA
• Dates:: 20-23 October 2003
• Paper Submission Date: April 15, 2003
• Workshop Proposals Submission Date: December 16, 2002
• Tutorial Proposal Submission Date: Feburary 28, 2003
• Demo Proposal Submission Date: July 13, 2003
DAML-S Coalition DAML PI Meeting 10/16/02
ISWC2003Organizing Committee
• General Chair: Dieter Fensel
• Program Chair: Katia Sycara
• Program Co-Chair: John Mylopoulos
• Tutorial Chair: Asun Gomez-Perez
• Workshop Chairs: Sheila McIlraith and Dimitris Plexousakis
• Industrial Track Chair: Christoph Bussler
• Poster Chair: Raphael Malyankar
• Finance Chair: Jerome Euzenat
• Publicity Chair: Mike Dean
• Local Arrangements Chair: Jeff Bradshaw
• Sponsor Chairs: Ying Ding and Massimo Paolucci
• Registration Chair: Atanas Kyriakov
• Demo Chair: Jeff Heflin
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