Effet de la rehabilitation sur le syndrome
d’apnées du sommeil et le syndrome métabolique
Samuel VERGES, PhD
Hypoxia Physiopathology Laboratory (HP2), U1042Grenoble Alpes University & INSERM, Grenoble, France
Aucun conflit d’intérêt à déclarer
Obstructive and central sleep apnea syndromes
Somers et al. JACC 2008 Bradley & Floras Circulation 2003
Obstructive and central sleep apnea syndromes
Pépin et al. Thorax 2012
Obstructive sleep apnea and mortality
Marin et al. Lancet 2005
Somers et al. JACC 2008
McEvoy et al. N Eng J Med 2016
Continuous positive airway pressure
15% of patients refuse CPAP and 35% not adherent at 1 year (France, CNAM 2016)
Sleep apnea: Alternative treatment options ?
Obstructive sleep apnea and fitness level
Meta-analysis : Peak Oxygen Consumption (VO2peak) in patients with sleep apnea
Mendelson et al. In preparation
Without Heart failure
With Heart failure
Obstructive sleep apnea and fitness level
Meta-analysis : Peak Oxygen Consumption (VO2peak) in patients with sleep apnea
Mendelson et al. In preparation
BMI ≤30 kg.m-2
BMI >30 kg.m-2
Objectively measured physical activity in OSA patients
Meta-analysis : OSA patients present low levels of physical activity
Mendelson et al. Submitted
Modifying physical activity behaviors in sleep apnea patients
Mendelson et al. Submitted
Standardized meandifference in steps per day
(95% CI)
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials: CPAP alone has little to no effect on physical activity levels
in patients with sleep apnea
Focus on exercise training
Randomized Controlled Trial
43 sedentary overweight/obese OSA patients (18-55 yrs)
Moderate intensity aerobic and resistance exercise training (4 sessions/week, 12 weeks EX) versuscontrol (stretching, STR)
Kline et al. Sleep 2011
Exercise training in patients with OSA
Improvement in sleep quality
No change in spontaneous physical activity
No change in body mass index
No change in respiratory muscle strength
**
Exercise group:
-7.6 ± 2.5 events/h
Apnea-Hypopnea Index
N = 138
Total random effect:
- 0.05
Body mass index
Aiello et al. Respir Med 2016
N = 184
Total random effect:
- 0.54
Exercise training in patients with OSA
Systematic review and meta-analysis
Effects of exercise training in patients with OSA
Mendelson et al. Submitted
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials: Change in Apnea-Hypopnea index after exercise training programs
Effects of exercise training in patients with OSA
Mendelson et al. Submitted
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials: Change in Epworth score after exercise training programs
Effects of exercise training in patients with OSA
Mendelson et al. Submitted
A 3.5 mL/kg/min increase in VO2peak is associated with 13 and 15% decrements in risk of all cause mortality and coronary artery diseases (Kokkinos et al. 2009)
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials: Change in peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) after exercise training
Effects of exercise training in patients with OSA
Mendelson et al. Submitted
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials: Change in body mass index after exercise training programs
Effects of exercise training in patients with OSA
Mendelson et al. Submitted
Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials: Change in physical activity after exercise training programs
Iftikhar et al. Sleep Med 2017
Comparative efficacy of CPAP, mandibular advancement device (MAD), exercise training, and dietary weight loss for sleep apnea: a network meta-analysis
EpworthApnea-Hypopnea Index
Effects of exercise training in patients with OSA
Exercise training in patients with central sleep apnea and heart failure
Yamamoto et al. J Card Fail 2007 Ueno et al. Sleep 2009
Aerobic exercise training,
60 min/day, 3 times/week,
for 6 months
Aerobic exercise training,
30 min/day, 3 times/week,
for 4 months
Exercisetraining and sleep apnea
Reduction in AHI following exercise training is independent of weight loss
Alternative mechanism ?
White & Bradley, J Physiol, 2013
Sleep apnea and the rostral fluid shift
Redolfi et al. AJRCCM 2015
Influence of 45 min of walking twice a day for 1 week on fluid shift
Exercise training in SAS patients with coronary artery disease
Mendelson et al. ERJ 2016
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Exercise Control
VO
2p
eak
(mL/
kg/m
in)
P=0.03 P=0.32
P=0.31
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
Exercise Control
Bo
dy
we
igh
t (k
g)
P=0.81 P=0.71
P=0.59
Unblinded randomised controlled trial
34 coronary artery disease patients with
sleep apnea syndrome (17 exercise
training group versus 17 control group)
30 min moderate intensity walking, 5
sessions/week, during 4 weeks
Exercise training in SAS patients with coronary artery disease
4000
4200
4400
4600
4800
5000
5200
Exercise Control
Eve
nin
g L
eg
Flu
id V
olu
me
(m
L)
P=0.003 P=0.41
P=0.042
-800
-700
-600
-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
Exercise Control
Ove
rnig
ht
Le
g F
luid
Vo
lum
e (
mL
)
P=0.02 P=0.46
P=0.023
Mendelson et al. ERJ 2016
Increased cardiometabolic riskMyocardial damage
Pépin et al. Thorax 2012
Exercise training for the management of sleep apnea
Take home message
Exercise training programs induce a (modest) but significant
reduction in the severity of sleep apnea.
Besides the improvement in sleep apnea severity, exercise has the
potential to influence a number of cardiovascular and metabolic risk
factors.
Exercise training should be part of a multicomponent and
individualized management of sleep apnea syndrome and should be
encouraged in patients with sleep apnea and cardiovascular and
metabolic diseases.
Grenoble
Thank you for your attention
Patrick Levy
Jean-Louis Pépin
Renaud Tamisier
Stéphane Doutreleau
Bernard Wuyam
Patrice Flore
Monique Mendelson
Sébastien Baillieul
Guillaume Millet
Anna Borowik
Samarmar Chacaroun
Mathieu Marillier
Instabilitéducontrôlerespiratoire Obésité Dysfonc ondesVAS
Apnéedusommeil
ìac vitésympathique
Dysrégula onmétabolique
Inflamma onStressoxyda f
Dysfonc onendothéliale
Hypoxieintermi ente
Fibrilla onauriculaireHypertensionMaladiescardiaques
PhaseterminaleMaladiescardiovasculaires
Javaheri et al. JACC 2017
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