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California Test 360
STATE OF CALIFORNIABUSINESS, TRANSPORTATION AND HOUSING AGENCY July 1998
DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATIONENGINEERING SERVICE CENTERTransportation Laboratory5900 Folsom BoulevardSacramento, California 95819-4612
METHOD OF TEST FOR SURFACE ABRASION OFCOMPACTED BITUMINOUS MIXTURES
CAUTION: Prior to handling test materials, performing equipment setup s, and/ or condu cting th is
method, testers are required to read SAFETY AND HEALTH in Section G o f thismethod. It is the resp onsibility of th e user of th is method to consult and use
departm ental safety and health practices and determine the app licability of regulatory
limitations before any testing is performed .
A. SCOPE
The surface abrasion test measures the
ability of a comp acted bituminou s mixture to
resist surface abrasion or raveling in the
presence of water.
B . A PP AR AT US
1. An oven capable of maintaining tempera-
tures up to 110 3C.
2. A m echan ica l shaker , w it h a t ta chm en t s
to contain the mold an d sam ple, having a
25 3 mm v ert ical stroke, and able to
operate at 20 0.2 Hz. See Figure 1.
3. Eight s tee l ba ll s. Each bal l sha ll have a
mass of 4.5 0.3 g and an ap pr oximate
diam eter of 10.3 mm.
4. Rubber gaskets having an outside
diameter of 101 0.6 mm , an inside
diameter of 82.6 0.6 mm and ap proxi-
mately 1.6 mm th ick.
5. A steel surface abrasion test mold
assembly having a diameter of 101.6
0.13 mm , a heigh t of 127 0.3 mm , and
a built-in shoulder that provides a
constant bou nce space of 76.2 3.2 mm .
See Figu res 2 through 6.
6. A base assembly fixture which wil l hold
the mold during base installation and
rem oval. See Figure 5.
7. A g r adua ted cyl inde r hav ing a capacit y
of 250 mL.
8. Circular aluminum pans having a
nominal diameter of 190 mm and a dep th
of 63.5 mm.
9. A polye th lylene wash bot tle having a
minimu m capacity of 500 mL.
10. A balance hav ing a cap acity of 4500 g
and a sensitivity of 0.1 g.
11. A compactor assembly including th e
following: a compactor, steel molds, a
mold holder, cardboard discs, a testing
ma chine, a follow er ram, a mechan ical
spader or feeding trough, a fla t me tal
scoop, a 12.5-mm sieve and a height
measuring device as described in
California Test 304.
C. MIXING AND FABRICATION
Batch four 1-kg sam ples as follows:
1. M ix and cu r e t he a spha lt and aggr ega te
in accordan ce w ith Califor nia Test 304,
Part 1.
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2. Bring the mixture to a temperature of
110 3C for comp action.
NO TE: If a l iquid a sphalt is used, bring
the mixture to a temp erature of 60 3C
prior to compaction.
3. Place a mold , prehea ted to the
compaction temperature, in the mold
hold er. Position th e mold assembly
in th e mech anical spad er. Place a
6-mm thick shim u nder the mold adjacent
to the base portion of the mold holder
that extends up into the mold. Place a
100-mm diameter cardboard disc on top of
the mold h older base.
N OTE: In lieu of using a mechan ical spad er
in Section C-3, han d sp ad ing may be used asd escribed in California Test 304, Part 2.
4. Weigh 1000 g of mixture as a pilot
sample to determine the quantity of
material needed to achieve the required
specimen height.
5. Separa te the mixture by screening th e
fine material through a 12.5-mm sieve
onto a flat m etal scoop.
6. Arrange the separated material in to two
p ar allel rows across the w idth of th e
scoop.
7. P lace the m ix on the feede r be lt of t h e
mechanical spad er, exercising care to not
disrupt the size arrangement from the
previous step.
8. Start the mechanical spader and continue
until all the material has been
distributed into the compaction mold .
9. Place the mold holder , containing the
mix and the mold, into position in th e
mechanical compactor.
10. App ly 100 tamps at 2.41 MPa using
the procedure described in California
Test 304, Part 2.
11. Remove the mold and specimen from the
holder and place them on the press.
12. App ly a level ing-off load of 56 kN at a
rate of 6.4 0.05 mm / min. When this is
achieved, release the load immed iately.
NOTE: If th e testing machine has a
spherically seated upper head, use propershims to lock the device in p lace. Make sure
the contact face is firmly positioned in a
horizontal plane.
13. Measure and record the height of the test
specimen to th e nearest 0.1 mm , and
calculate the m ass necessary to achieve a
50.8 3-mm high specimen.
14. Eject th e test specimen from th e mold,
allow it to cool to room temperature,
and determine the specific gravity
as described in Califor nia Test 308,Method B.
15. Prepare the remaining thr ee specimens
for testing as follows:
a . Using the mass establi shed in
Section C-13, prepare and compact
the mix according to Sections C-5
throu gh C-12.
b. Let the compacted specimen remain
at 25 2C for a minimu m of 1 h prior
to the soaking period.
c. Place the mold in an a luminum pan
and p our 500 mL of w ater on th e
specimen. Allow the items to stand
undisturbed at room temperature
25 2C for 16 1 h .
D . T ES T P RO CE DU RE S
1. After the soaking period, pour off and
save the water and remove the specimen
from the mold.
2. Inver t the abras ion t est mold and p lace
the rubber gasket against the build-in
shoulder.
3. Inser t the bot tom of the specimen against
the rubber ring so th at it will be abraded .
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4. Screw the base on the bot tom of the mold
to f irmly h old the specimen, th en p lace
the mold in an up right position.
5. Pour 250 mL of the retained water on the
specimen.
6. Place e ight c lean s tee l ba ll s in the mold
assembly.
7. Fasten th e mold in place on the
mechanical shaker.
8. Shake the sample at 20 0.2 H z for
15 min 5 s at 25 2C, then remove i t
from the m echanical shaker.
9. Remove the s teel bal ls and pour th e
contents from the testing mold into atared aluminum pan. Using the w ash
bottle, w ash all loosened fines into th e
dry, clean pan .
10. After 1 h, decant as much of the clear
water as p ossible.
11. Place the pan in an oven at 110 3C and
dry the contents to a constant m ass.
12. Weigh the pan with the abraded
material, subtract the pan tare and record
the d ifference as gram s of abrasion loss.
13. Repeat Sections D-1 throu gh D-12 for the
rem aining test specimens. Average th e
results of the three tests.
E . P RE CA UT IO NS
The mass of the steel balls will chan ge w ith
usage. Period ically weigh each ball and
discard those not within the specified
tolerance.
Routin ely check the mechanical sh aker for
compliance to the stroke and frequency
requirements.
F. REPORTING OF RESULTS
Report the abrasion loss to the nearest
1 g/ mm2.
Reported Loss =L
5270 mm2
Wher e :
L = Average ab rasion loss of three testsreported to th e nearest 1 g. See
Section D-13.
G. SAFETY AND HEALTH
Personnel should use heat resistant gloves
when working w ith hot ma terials. Use
prop er lifting techniques w hen h and ling bags
of aggregate. Reasonable care should be
exercised to avoid being burned by hot
asphalt, aggregate or equipment.
Caution m ust be exercised in th e operation ofthe compactor to prevent any object, other
than the sample itself, from interceding
between th e compactor foot and th e mold
at any time while the ram is in motion. The
clearance between the edge of the mold an d
the compactor foot is app roximately 2 mm.
The applied shearing force on the test
specimen could cause severe injury to body
extremities or dam age to equipmen t.
Caution shou ld be exercised in the operation
of the press to keep an y objects other than th e
sample and testing apparatus clear of the
loading head d uring the testing op eration.
Prior to hand ling, testing or d isposing of any
waste materials, testers are required to read:
Par t A (Section 5.0), Par t B (Section s: 5.0, 6.0
an d 10.0) and Part C (Section 1.0) of Caltran s
Laborator y Safety Manu al. Requirem ents for
proper safety equipment and disposal of
solvents are discussed in the above-noted
references. Users of th is method do so
at their own risk.
REFERENCES:Californ ia Tests 304 and 308
End o f Text (California Test 360 contain s 9 pages)
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FIGURE 1
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1
N ot to Scale
ASSEMBLY SECTION
LIST OF MATERIALS
No.
Required
Part
No. Descrip tion Mater ia l
1 1 Body N ickel Plated Steel
1 2 Cover Aluminum
1 3 Wear Plate Neoprene, Type A Shore Durometer 60 5, 114 mm Dia., 3.2 mm
Thick
1 4 Base N ickel Plated Steel
1 5 O Ring Neoprene 104 mm ID by 110.4 mm OD by 3.2 mm Dia.(Fabricated)
1 6 O Ring Neoprene 104.8 mm ID by 114.3 mm OD by 4.8 mm Dia.
1 7 Gasket Neoprene, Type A Shore Durometer 60 5 mm
8 8 Ball Bearing Steel 10.3 mm, 4.5 0.3 g
FIGURE 2
18
2
3
6
5
4
7
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82
LUGS, SILVERSOLDER IN PLACE,
2 AT 180
10
10
112.9 DIA.
101.6 0.13 DIA.
107 P.D. O RING
GROOVE 3.3 0.5 WIDE
X 2.3 0.5 DEEP
CHAMFER AT 45
RETAINING RING
HARDENED AND SILVER
SOLDER TO MOLD
CHAMFER AT 45
THREAD, MODIFIED
ACME, 0.47 THDS./mm
AT 119 mm P.D.
5
20
45 40
28.5
126.
71.3
47.5
25.4
8. 5
5. 5
102.9 DIA.
105.7 DIA.
114.0 DIA.
120.0 DIA.
BODY
108.0 DIA.
NOTE: All dimensions within
2 mm, unless otherwise stated.
FIGURE 3
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118 DIA.
5144
25.4
115 DIA.
130 DIA.
CHAMFER 1.5 mm
AT 45
FINISH O RING
CONTACT
SURFACE TO
32 RMS
THREAD, MODIFIED
ACME, 0.47 THDS/mm
AT 119 P.D.
NOTE: All dimensions within
2 mm, unless otherwise stated.
FIGURE 4
BASE
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165
145
72.5
16
16
150
75
MILL SLOT
13 mm WIDE
13
8 mm - DRILL THROUGHAND COUNTER SINK
115 DIA.
82.5
4034
20
6
BASE ASSEMBLY FIXTURE
NOTE: All dimensions within
2 mm, unless otherwise stated.
FIGURE 5
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NOTE: All dimensions within
2 mm , un less otherw ise stated.
GASKET
FIGURE 6
70 mmWEAR PLATE CEMENTED
IN PLACE 3.18 0.02 mm
THICK
13 mm
10.4 0.02 mm DRILL
THROUGH 2 PLACES
AT 180 7.50 B.C.
11 mm
3.2mm108 mm
216 mm
COVER
98.4-mm O.D.
89-mm I.D.
1.60 0.02 mm