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Ethernet
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The term Ethernetrefers to the family of local-area.
standard. Three data rates are currently defined foro eration over o tical fiber and twisted- air cables:
10 Mbps10Base-T Ethernet
100 MbpsFast Ethernet 1000 MbpsGigabit Ethernet
10-Gigabit Ethernet is under development and will
e y e pu s e as t e . ae supp ement tothe IEEE 802.3 base standard in late 2001 or early
.
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There are LOTS of LAN protocols
r ce
Performance
Availability
Ease of use Scalability
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Ethernets peak utilization is pretty low (like Aloha)
More hosts
Smaller packet sizes
More frequent arbitration
Longer links
Collisions take longer to observe, more wasted
an w t Efficiency is improved by avoiding these conditions
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Found by Xerox Palo Alto Research Center (PARC) in 1975
Original designed as a 2.94 Mbps system to connect 100computers on a 1 km cable
Later, Xerox, Intel and DEC drew up a standard support 10Mbps
Basis for the IEEEs 802.3 specification
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Ethernet defined as IEEE 802.3.
The IEEE 802.* set of standards defines a common framing anda ress ng ormat or protoco s. Simplifies interoperability Addresses are 48 bit strings, with no structure
.
802.4 (Token bus)
802.5 (Token ring) 802.6 (Distributed queue dual bus) 802.11 (Wireless LAN) 802.14 Cable Modem
802.15 (Wireless Personal Area networks - based onbluetooth)
- .
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10Base5 10BaseT 10baseFL 100BaseTX 100BaseFXMedia Thick coax
RG-8,
TIA/EIA
UTP Cat
3,4,5,5e,6
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Multi-
TIA/EIA
UTP Cat 5
and u 2
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Multi-mode
-
(2 pair) Fiberpair)
Or Singlemode fiber
Speed 10 Mbps 10 Mbps 10 Mbps 100 Mbps 100 Mbps
Max
Seg.
500 Meters 100
Meters
2000
Meters
100 Meters 400/2000
Meters
Length (full/half duplex), 10
Km
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Copper technology
Category 5 cable (UTP/Shielded TP)
Cate or 6a cable
Coaxial cable
O tical technolo Multimode 63,5/125 m
Multimode 50/125 m
Singlemode 125 m
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Copper technology typically uses RJ45 plugs/jacks for TP
BNC for coaxial 50 Ohm cable
F-Type connector for coaxial 75 Ohm cable
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568-a 568-b
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Pinout 10/100 Ethernet Twisted Pair
Use of more airs for hi her transmission rates
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Block Line
ase anc es er
10BaseF N/A NRZI
ase anc ester
100BaseT4 8B6T N/A100BaseF 4B/5B NRZI
1000BaseT 4D-PAM5 N/A
1000BaseF 8B/10B NRZI
10gae 8B/10B or NRZI
64B/66B
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- changes level for a 1 bit
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The workmark comes from telegraphy and means 1.
AMI means alternate 1 inversion
The neutral zero voltage represents binary 0. Binary 1s are represented by alternating positive and negative
.
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- changes level for a 0 bit
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A binary 1 is encoded as an NRZ pulse with alternate
+
A binary 0 is encoded with a definitive midbit transition (orsquare wave phase)
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- Advantages:
Required transmission rate is low (bitrate/M)
Low bandwidth
Disadvanta es: Low signal to noise ratio (due to multiple
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-
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Generate the bit sequence {0,1}. Assume that each bit is
Implement NRZIm and AMI encoding. Com are the PSD of enerated si nals.
Decode NRZIm and AMI to source bit.
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Generate the bit sequence {0,1}. Assume that each bit is
Implement NRZIs and CMI encoding. Com are the PSD of enerated si nals.
Decode NRZIs and CMI to source bit.
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- Generate bit sequence {0,1}
- , , ,
Transmit multilevel signal over AWGN channel
.
Compare the BER performance of each case.
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