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Crop Production Enterprise
Wheat, Cotton, Sugarcane
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Wheat Wheat is the major cereal in India after rice
Worlds most favored staple food and one ofthe important sources of carbohydrates with
nutritional importance. Value-added products
Breads, Rolls (Hamburgers, muffins), Soft Cakes,
Pies, Cookies, Flour etc More demand and World trade in wheat is
greater than for all other crops combined.
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Technologies
Row crop technology wheat production gains have fallen behind corn and soybeans in
recent years
Intercrop practice
Four to Five rows of wheat grown in two rows of sugarcane is apopular practice now a days
Relay Cropping A practice in which the second crop is started amidst the first
crop before it has been harvested.
Soybeans and Wheat Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed-Planting (Firb) System The Furrow Irrigated Raised Bed -planting System is a method
where cultivation of crops is done on raised beds.
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Technologies
Zero Tillage In zero-tillage, without any field preparation, Wheat is sown
directly after the harvest of Rice using a specially designed seed-cum -fertilizer drill.
Under timely sown conditions, zero tillage can save fieldpreparation costs of around Rs.2,000 - 2,500/- per hectare.
Wheat Chipper Designed by Monsanto engineers specifically for the wheat
breeding team to develop better-yielding wheat varieties.
Wheat chipper is a proprietary machine that shaves a tiny tissuesample off a wheat seed to analyze the seeds genetics..
selection of varieties, sowing of seed, fertilizer application,plant protection and water management etc
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DWR Directorate of Wheat Research
New wheat varieties released (2009-10)
Wheat varieties
Name with parentage
Developed by
(Name of the Institute)
Production
Condition
Area of
Adoption
Grain yield
(q/ha)
Avg. Potential
VL 907DYBR 1982-83/842 ABVD 50/W9385 // PBW 343
VPKAS, Almora NHZ TS-IR 44.3 56.9
TS-RF 27.9 43.5
PDW 314 (d)AJAIA-12 /F3 LOCAL SEL. ETHIO-135.85//PLATA 13/3/SOMA T-3/4/SOOTY/ RASCON 37
PAU, Ludhiana NWPZ TS-IR 50.366.1
DBW 39ATTILA/ HUI
DWR, Karnal NEPZ TS-IR 44.0 55.2
MPO 1215 (d)GW 1113/ GW 1114// HI 8381
JNKVV, Powarkheda CZ TS-IR 47.8 65.3
MACS 6222HD 2189*2/ MACS 2496
ARI, Pune PZ TS-IR 42.8 60.9
AKAW 4627Selection from VIMAL
PDKV, Akola PZ LS-IR 42.8 60.9
KRL210PBW 65/2*PASTOR
CSSRI, Karnal Salt affected TS-IR 33.7 49.3
KRL 213CNDO / R143// ENTE/ MEXI-1-1/3/Ae.squarrosa (TAUS)/4/
WEAVER/5 /2 /*KAUZ
CSSRI, Karnal Salt affected TS-IR 33.6 43.9
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Production Technologies
Seed Rate and Spacing
Depends on seed size, germination percentage,time and method of sowing.
100 kg/ha at a seed weight of 38g/1000 seeds
Seeding depth should be 4 to 7 cm with a rowspacing of 20 23 cm
For late sown wheat reduce spacing to 15 18 cm
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Top 10 wheat producers (2009-10)
Country Quantity (m tons)
China 115.0
India 80.7
Russia 61.7
USA 60.3
France 39.4
Canada 26.5
Germany 25.1
Pakistan 24.0
Australia 22.5
Ukraine 20.0
Turkey 17.8
Global Wheat Scenario
2nd largest producer in the world next
to China from last 10 years
16.9%
11.9%
9.1% 8.9%
5.8%
3.9% 3.7% 3.5% 3.3% 2.9% 2.6%
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
China India Russia USA France Canada Germany Pakistan Australia Ukraine Turkey
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State Wide production statistics
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Cost of Cultivation and Production
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Input Costs
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Item wise break up of
Cost of Cultivation (Rs. Per Hectare)
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Fixed Costs and Total Cost
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Profit Maximization
Multiple Cropping /Relay Cropping Producing a second crop allows for the increased use of
machinery, labor, and land during the year and a loweringof fixed cost on a per-acre basis, resulting in a more
profitable farming operation.
There are two primary requirements for profitablemultiple cropping:
There must be adequate time for the production of a
second crop. There must be adequate water to produce two crops,
whether from stored soil moisture, rainfall, or irrigation.
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Commercial Varieties of Wheat
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Cotton Cotton is one of the most important commercial crops
playing a key role in Indian agriculture and economics.
It provides employment to millions of people, earningvaluable foreign exchange and improving the economy
of farmers. Cotton is one of the finest natural fibers available for
man for his clothing. Because of this cotton trade hasdeveloped into a big industry.
Other UtilizationHome funishingsMedical Supplies fishnets, coffee filters, tents, gunpowder, cotton paper
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Technologies
Row Cropping Intercropping
short duration pulse crops such as green gram, black gram,cowpea, soybean etc in 1:2 ratio.
In black soils, soybean, black gram and green gram are moresuitable. In light soils green gram and cowpea can be used. In Adilabad, Guntur and Prakasam districts Intercropping of
cotton with Pigeonpea / Sorghum is followed.
Harvesting Equipment Cotton Picker
Automate harvesting and this reduces harvest time and maximizesefficiency.
Cotton Stipper
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Cotton Production
Global Cotton Scenario
Though India ranks number one in the worldwith 20% (9M Hect.) of the total area planted
under cotton, ranks only third position with
only 19% in production of cotton.
China (first position - 26%)
USA (second position 24%)
Indias average yield is only 319 kg/ha lint ascompared to world average of 603 kg/ha.
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State Wide production statistics
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Cost of Cultivation and Production
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Input Costs
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Item wise break up of
Cost of Cultivation (Rs. Per Hectare)
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Fixed Costs and Total Cost
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Varieties
Andhra Pradesh has unique distinction ofcultivating the largest number of cotton
varieties.
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Sugarcane Sugarcane is one of the most important
commercial crops playing a key role in Indianagriculture and economics.
Production of sugar, jaggery. Molasses (left over from sugar production)
Animal feed, fertilizers, adding to tobocco for hookabpipes, Bio-plastics, Cane Ethonal.
Alcohol, bagasse (The fibrous residue of cane is calledbagasse. It is used as a fuel for the generation ofenergy needed for sugar manufacture.)
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Technologies
Tractor Operated Multipurpose Equipment Developed by Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research
IISR Tractor operated improved two row
sugarcane cutter planter
IISR Moist hot air seed cane treatment unit
Improved IISR Furnace IISR Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research
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Cotton Production
Global Cotton Scenario
India is the second largest producer of sugarcanenext to Brazil.
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State Wide production statistics
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Cost of Cultivation and Production
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Input Costs
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Item wise break up of
Cost of Cultivation (Rs. Per Hectare)
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Fixed Costs and Total Cost
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Sugarcane Varieties
Here is a list of sugarcane varieties that arerecommended for
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Wheat Cotton Sugarcane
MSP per quintal (2011 - 2012)Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department
of Agriculture and Cooperation.
Wheat Rs. 1285Cotton Rs. 2800
Sugarcane Rs. 145
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Any Questions?
Thank You
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