Government at a Glance 2015
Country Fact Sheetwww.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
A large reduction of the public deficit and an increase in social spending were observed in Spain over the past years
Between 2007 and 2009 the fiscal conditions have deteriorated in Spain reporting the largest deficits in 2009 (-11.0% of GDP), the second highest deficit across OECD countries. Ambitious consolidation programmes put in place by the Spanish government led to a reduction of the general government deficit to its lowest level since the beginning of the crisis (-5.8% of GDP in 2014). Simultaneously and mainly related to the rise of unemployment, Spanish total government spending on social protection as a percentage of total government spending experienced the largest increase across OECD countries (6.7 p.p. between 2007 and 2013).
Chapter 2: Public finance and economics
General government fiscal balance as a percentage of GDPChange in the structure of general government expenditures by function
The crisis brought an increase in income inequalities partly mitigatedby transfers and the tax system in Spain
The economic crisis resulted in a sharp increase in income inequalities. Between 2007 and 2011, the dispos-able income of the bottom 10% of the population decreased annually by 12.9%, while it decreased only by 1.4% for the top 10%, the highest difference between these income groups across OECD countries. Howev-er, in general terms, government transfers and the tax system in Spain have managed to substantially reduce income inequality in 2011 from a Gini coefficient of 0.52 before taxes and transfers to 0.34 after taxes and transfers.
Chapter 11: Core government results
Annual percentage changes in household disposable income between 2007 and 2011 by income groupDifferences in income inequality pre and post-tax and government transfers
Spanish life expectancy is one of the longest across OECD countries and efficiency gains have also been observed in hospital service delivery over the last years
Over the past decade, the increase in life expectancy in Spain can partly be attributed to better processes of care. Indeed, Spain was the country with the fourth longest life expectancy at birth across OECD countries in 2012 (82.5 years), 2.3 years above the OECD average. Additionally, over the period 2002 and 2012, ef-ficiency gains have been reported in hospital service delivery. Indeed, the average length of stay in hospital for any conditions has been reduced over the period 2002-2012 reaching an average stay of 6.7 days (0.8 days below the OECD average).
Chapter 11: Core government results
Life expectancy at birth and total expenditure on health per capitaAverage length of stay in hospital for all conditions
Spain
Government revenues(2013, 2014)
Government expenditures(2013, 2014)
Government gross debt *(2013, 2014)
% of GDP % of GDP % of GDP
Source: OECD National Accounts Source: OECD National Accounts Source: OECD National Accounts
G@G /dataG@G /data
-15% -10% 0%-5% +5% +10% +15%
Spain
-4.2%-5.8%
2013 2013
-6.8%
2014
Fiscal balance *(2013, 2014)
% of GDP
Public investment(2013, 2014)
% of of total govt. expenditures
How to read the figures:
Spain
Country value in blue (not represented if not available)
Average of OECD countries in green
Range of OECD country values in grey
Public Finance & Economics Public Employment & Compensation
Public Finance and Economics
GOVERNMENT INPUTS: FINANCIAL AND HUMAN RESOURCES
29.3%
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
30.8%Spain
20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
2013
41.9%
43.6%(2014)
44.3%(2013)
Spain
0% 5% 10% 15% 20%
2013
7.8%
4.7%(2014)
4.8%(2013)
Spain102.1%
2013
115.8% 100%
0%2014
109.3%100%
0% 2013
0% 50% 100% 150% 200% 250%
Spain
Values have been rounded. n.a. refers to
data not available
Source: OECD/Eurostat National Accounts* SNA definition, see Notes
Source: OECD National Accounts. * See Notes
Public Employment and Compensation
G@G /data
58.0%
54.3%Spain
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
Public sector employment filled by women (2013)
Source: International Labour Organization (database)
Share of women ministers(2015)
Source: Inter-Parliamentary Union Parline Database
Public sector employmentas % of total employment (2013)
Source: International Labour Organization (database)
21.3%
17.1%Spain
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
20% 30% 40% 50% 60%
2013
37.7%
37.8%(2014)
37.5%(2013)
Spain
GOVERNMENT PROCESSES
Institutions Regulatory Governance Public Procurement Public Sector Integrity Digital Government
Digital Gov.
High Moderate Low
30%59%11%
HighSpain
G@G /data
Level ofinfluence of the
Centre of Governmentover line ministries
(2013)
Institutions
Source: OECD 2013 Survey on Centre of Government
Women in Government
Primary lawsSubordinateregulations
Stakeholder engagement to inform o�cials about the problem and
possible solutions
Primary lawsSubordinateregulations
Consultation on draft regulations or proposed rules
For all primary laws
For all subordinate regulations
For all primary laws /subordinate regulations
For major primary laws /subordinate regulations
For some primary laws /subordinate regulations
NeverNotapplicable
For some primary laws
For some subordinate regulations
3%15%65%15%2%
6%9%
62%23%0%
68%6%
18%6%2%
53%18%24%5%0%
Spain
G@G /data
Source: OECD Regulatory Policy Outlook (forthcoming)
Stakeholder engagement and consultation (2014)
Regulatory Governance
Strategic public procurement - Objectives(2014)
G@G /data
Public Procurement
0% 10% 20% 30% 40%
29.0%
50%
22.8%
Spain
Source: OECD National Accounts
Procurement expenditure(2013)
% of government expenditures
Source: 2014 OECD Survey on Public Procurement
Public Sector Integrity
2632
64
44
Judicial Branch “At risk” areasLegislative BranchExecutive Branch
Low level
Medium level
High level
88
54
38
SpainSpainSpainSpain
Level of disclosure of private interestsacross branches of government
(2014)
Source: 2014 OECD Survey on Managing Conflict of Interest in the Executive Branch and Whistleblower Protection
0.58
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
0.78Spain
OURdata Index:Open, Useful, ReusableGovernment Data (2014)
Composite indexfrom 0 lowest to 1 highest
Source: 2014 OECD Survey on Open Government Data
Support for greenpublic procurement
A strategy / policy has been developed by some procuring entities
A strategy / policy has been developed at a central level
Support forSMEs
Support for innovativegoods and services
13 26 1
A strategy / policy has been rescinded
A strategy / policy has never been developed
2 10 25 0 3 10 23 0 3
Spain
GOVERNMENT OUTPUTS AND OUTCOMES
Notes Fiscal balance as reported in the System of National Accounts (SNA) framework, also referred to as net lending (+) or net borrowing (-) of government, is calculated as total government revenues minus total government expenditures. Data for Spain for fiscal balance in 2013 include 4.897 million EUR of financial aids to the banks. Structural fiscal balance, or underlying balance, represents the fiscal balance adjusted for the state of the economic cycle (as measured by the output gap which resulted as the dif ference between actual and potential GDP) and one-off fiscal operations. Government gross debt is reported according to the SNA definition, which dif fers from the definition applied under the Maastricht Treaty. It is defined as all liabilities that require payment or payments of interest or principal by the debtor to the creditor at a date or dates in the future. All debt instruments are liabilities, but some liabilities such as shares, equity and financial derivatives are not debt.
Core Government Results and Service Delivery
Out of pocket expenditure as a % of final household consumption Access to healthcare (2012)
Source: OECD Health Statistics 2014
Satisfaction and confidence across public services (2014)
71%
Judicial system
Education system
67%
20
40
60
80
100
Health care
67%54%
54%36%
National government42%21%
Spain
Average
Range
Source: Gallup World Poll
-15%
-10%
-5%
0%
5%
SpainTop10%
-12.9%
Bottom10%
-1.4%
Top10%
Bottom10%
-1.6% -0.8%
Changes in household disposable income,by income group (2007-2011)
Source: OECD Income Distribution Database
Limited government powers(2014)
Spain0.69
0.76
[0.37-0.92]
Source: The World Justice Project
Equity in learning outcomes (2012)PISA mathematics score variance by socio economic background
14.8%
5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
15.8%Spain
Source: OECD, PISA 2012 results: Excellence through equity, 2013
% of citizens expressing confidence/satisfaction
Government at a Glance 2015With a focus on public administration, OECD Government at a Glance 2015 provides readers with a dashboard of key indicators assembled with the
goal of contributing to the analysis and international comparison of public sector performance across OECD countries. Indicators on public finances
and employment are provided alongside composite indexes summarising aspects of public management policies, and indicators on services to
citizens in health care, education, and justice. Government at a Glance 2015 also includes indicators on key governance and public management
issues, such as regulatory management, budgeting practices and procedures, public sector integrity, public procurement and core government
results in terms of trust in institutions, income redistribution and efficiency and cost-effectiveness of governments.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/gov_glance-2015-en
The Excel spreadsheets used to create the tables and figures in Government at a Glance 2015 are available via the StatLinks provided throughout the publication:
For more information on the data (including full methodology and figure notes)and to consult all other Country Fact Sheets: www.oecd.org/gov/govataglance.htm
2.8%
0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5%
2.9%Spain
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