contain more than one ringcontain more than one ring
bicyclicbicyclic
tricyclictricyclic
tetracyclictetracyclic
etcetc
3.143.14
Polycyclic Ring SystemsPolycyclic Ring Systems
spirocyclicspirocyclic
fused ringfused ring
bridged ringbridged ring
Types of Ring SystemsTypes of Ring Systems
one atom common to two ringsone atom common to two rings
SpirocyclicSpirocyclic
adjacent atoms common to two ringsadjacent atoms common to two rings
two rings share a common sidetwo rings share a common side
Fused RingFused Ring
nonadjacent atoms common to two ringsnonadjacent atoms common to two rings
Bridged RingBridged Ring
equals minimum number of bond equals minimum number of bond disconnectionsdisconnectionsrequired to give a noncyclic speciesrequired to give a noncyclic species
Number of RingsNumber of Rings
requires one bond disconnectionrequires one bond disconnection
MonocyclicMonocyclic
requires two bond disconnectionsrequires two bond disconnections
BicyclicBicyclic
requires two bond disconnectionsrequires two bond disconnections
Bridged BicyclicBridged Bicyclic
carbon skeleton is tetracycliccarbon skeleton is tetracyclic
SteroidsSteroids
3.153.15
Heterocyclic CompoundsHeterocyclic Compounds
a cyclic compound that contains an atom other a cyclic compound that contains an atom other
than carbon in the ringthan carbon in the ring
(such atoms are called heteroatoms)(such atoms are called heteroatoms)
typical heteroatoms are N, O, and Stypical heteroatoms are N, O, and S
Heterocyclic CompoundHeterocyclic Compound
Ethylene Ethylene oxideoxide
TetrahydrofuranTetrahydrofuran
TetrahydropyranTetrahydropyran
Oxygen-containing HeterocyclesOxygen-containing Heterocycles
O
O
O
O
PyrrolidinePyrrolidine PiperidinePiperidine
Nitrogen-containing HeterocyclesNitrogen-containing Heterocycles
N H
N
H
Lipoic acidLipoic acid
LenthionineLenthionine
CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22CHCH22COHCOH
OO
SS
SS
SS
S
Sulfur-containing HeterocyclesSulfur-containing Heterocycles
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