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Conjunctionsby: Amy E. Sandersedited by: The UWC Staff
(© DBU University Writing Center)
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Table of Contents
List of Conjunctions………………….........slide 3
What is a conjunction?..............................slide 4
Types of Conjunctions…………….....slides 5-13
Coordinating Conjunctions
u!ordinate Conjunctions
Correlati"e Conjunctions
Conjuncti"e #d"er!s
$ui% and #ns&ers…………………....slide 14-15
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than
although
and
for
then
since
wherever
nor
whetherwhile
before
because
even though
All of these words, and many more,are conjunctions ! ! !
t
yet
so
untilwhere
if
Let us take a closer
unless
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What is a conjunction?
Conjunction is the na'e for those co''on &ords
that are used to join (conjoin) parts of sentences. #lso*
conjunctions 'ay !e used to !egin certain sentences.
There are t&o different types of conjunctions+
coordinating conjunctions and subordinating
conjunctions.
Conjunctions so'eti'es &or, in pairs and are called
correlative conjunctions.
Conjunctive adverbs are also freuently used topro"ide logical connections in sentences.
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Coordinatin ConunctionsThese conunctions are se"en "ery common words.They are "ery small, made u# of three or fewer
letters.
When to Use Each Coordinating Conjunction:
Reason Coordinating Conjunction
To co''unicate addition and
To co''unicate contrast !ut* yet
To co''unicate a resulteffect soTo co''unicate a reasoncause for
To co''unicate a choice or
To co''unicate a negati"e choice nor
/se the' !et&een t&o independent clauses.
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Ex. 0e only &ears striped ties and pol,a dotted !o&
ties. ( And joins t&o &ords.)
Ex. The shoes &ere not !lue suede nor !lac, leather.(Nor joins t&o phrases.)
Ex. t &asn2t a costu'e party* yet 'any ca'e dressed
as literary "illains. (Yet joins t&o independent clauses.)
Coordinating Conjunctions cont….
Coordinatin conunctions are used to oin words,#hrases, and inde#endent clauses.
Examples of coordinating conjunctions in sentences:
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$ore Coordinatin Conunctions...These are likely used less often% howe"er, they ser"e an im#ortant function.
When to Use Each Coordinating Conjunction:Reason Coordinating Conjunction
To co''unicate additional conseuently
infor'ation further'ore
ho&e"er
indeed
'oreo"er
ne"ertheless
then
therefore
/se the' !et&een t&o independent clauses.
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Ex. 0e only &ears !ro&n &ingtips consequently* hedoes not &ear &hite soc,s. ( Consequently joins t&o
independent clauses.)
Ex. The shoes &ere not suede however * they &ere
leather. (However joins t&o independent clauses.)
Ex. t &as not a 0allo&een party nevertheless* 'any
ca'e dressed in costu'es. (nevertheless joins t&o
independent clauses.)
Coordinating Conjunctions cont….
These coordinatin conunctions are used to oininde#endent clauses.
Examples of coordinating conjunctions in sentences:
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Subordinate Conunctions
When to Use Common ubordinate Conjunctions:
Reason ubordinate Conjunction
egarding ti'e after* !efore* once* since*
until* &hen* &hene"er* &hile
To co''unicate a reasoncause as* !ecause* since
To co''unicate a resulteffect in order that* so* so that* that
To co''unicate a conditionif* e"en if* unless
To co''unicate contrast although* e"en though*
though* &hereas
egarding location &here* &here"er
egarding a choice than* &hether
These conunctions are used to e&#ress relationshi#sbetween a de#endent and an inde#endent clause.
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Subordinate Conjunctions cont….
Subordinate conunctions often bein a de#endentclause. 'f the de#endent clause beins or interru#ts the
sentence, then it is se#arated from the inde#endentclause by a comma.
Examples of subordinate conjunctions in sentences:
Ex! "nce she found the perfect !roach* she purchased
three outfits to 'atch it. (Once de'onstrates a ti'e contet. #
co''a is used !ecause the conjunction !egins the sentence.)
Ex! 0e &ore the top hat wherever he &ent. (Wherever
de'onstrates a location contet. Though wherever !egins the
dependent clause* no co''a is used !ecause it does not !egin the
sentence or interrupt the sentence.)
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Correlati"e Conunctions
Correlati"e conunctions are two se#arateconunctions that are often in sentences toether.
Common Correlative Conjunctions and Examples:
!oth* and Ex. #oth 'aroon and gray accent nicely.either* or Ex. li,e to &ear either pants or capris.
neither* nor Ex. $either the shirt nor the jac,et fit.
not only* !ut (also) Ex. $ot only one !utton fell off* but all of
the'.
&hether* or Ex. Whether or not you &ear nice clothes*
you ha"e to &ear clothes.
not* so 'uch as Ex. t &as not that his clothes &ere
fla'!oyant so much as they &ereflorid.
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Conuncti"e Ad"erbs
Conuncti"e ad"erbs #ro"ide connections andtransitions that clarify or limit the meanin of words.
When to Use Common Conjunctive %dverbs:
Reason Conjunctive %dverb
To co''unicate addition also* further'ore* !esides
To co''unicate contrast ho&e"er* still* ne"ertheless*
instead* other&iseTo co''unicate co'parison si'ilarly* li,e&ise
To introduce a resultsu''ary therefore* thus* conseuently*
accordingly* hence* then
To indicate ti'e net* then* 'ean&hile* finally
To co''unicate e'phasis indeed* certainly
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Conjunctive Adverbs cont….
Examples of conjunctive adverbs in sentences:
Ex. &urthermore* stiletto heels are not a fad they are
classic6 (Furthermore co''unicates an additional
state'ent and is follo&ed !y a co''a.)Ex. 0is cri'son cape caught on the s,yscraper
therefore* his flying ended a!ruptly. (Therefore
co''unicates a result and is preceded !y a
se'icolon !ecause it is in the 'iddle of the sentence.)
Conuncti"e ad"erbs can a##ear anywhere in asentence. They should be followed by a comma and,when in the middle of a sentence, #receded by a
semicolon.
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(inally, the Uni"ersity Writin Center staff and '
ho#e that this #resentation has hel#ed you de"elo# abetter understandin of conunctions, since they are"ital to the )nlish lanuae% conse*uently, you willuse them often in your writin endea"ors. +erha#sthis online lecture has not hel#ed with your rammarso much as with enhancin your fashion awareness.Therefore, challene yourself to a conunction *ui,or call it a re"iew before sinin off. -e"iew is#referable, because the word *ui often has a
neati"e connotation./ Whether or not you feel like aconunction #ro, scan this #arara#h and see if youcan reconie the conunctions, correlati"econunctions, and conuncti"e ad"erbs. After you are
done, click to the ne&t slide where you will find theanswers.
A Parting Quiz...
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inall! "ca#, the Uni"ersity Writin Center staff and "cc#' ho#ethat this #resentation has hel#ed you to de"elo# a betterunderstandin of conunctions, since "sc# they are "ital to the
)nlish lanuae% conse$uentl! "ca#, you will use them often in your writin endea"ors. +erha#s this online lecture has not "c%# hel#ed with your rammar so &uch as "c%# with enhancin yourfashion awareness. Therefore, challene yourself to aconunction *ui, or call it a re"iew before "sc# sinin off.
-e"iew is #referable, because "sc# the word *ui often has aneati"e connotation./ Whether or "c%# not you feel like aconunction #ro, scan this #arara#h and see if "sc# you canreconie the conunctions, correlati"e conunctions, andconuncti"e ad"erbs. After "sc# you are done, click to the ne&t
slide where "sc# you will find the answers.
Answers...cc: coordinatin conunction sc: subordinate conunction
ca: conuncti"e ad"erb c%: correlati"e conunction
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