Computer Assisted Language
Learning: Where are we now
and where are we going?
Graham Davies
June 2005 Coleraine 2
The early years
1960s: Big mainframe computers1970s: Enter the microcomputer1980s: The microcomputer boom1980s: CALICO & EUROCALL
established1990s: Advent of the WebHistory of CALL:
http://www.history-of-call.org
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A bewildering array of technology (1)
radiomovie projectorgramophone / record playertelevision (terrestrial)tape recorderlanguage lab
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A bewildering array of technology (2)
videocassette recorder (VCR)computeraudio CD playersatellite televisionvideodisc playerCD-ROMs
June 2005 Coleraine 5
A bewildering array of technology (3)
the InternetDVD-ROMsDVD playermobile phonepersonal digital assistant (PDA)iPod and similar devices
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Lessons from the past
Don’t regard technology as the
panacea
Don’t neglect training in using new
technologies
Open up to new ideas
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ICT myths
Saves timeSaves moneySaves staffIt’s a more effective way of learning
E-learning has become the buzzword - but is widely misunderstood
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The Web
EUROCALL 93, Hull: no Web
EUROCALL 94, Karlsruhe: some Web
EUROCALL 95, Valencia: more Web
Now: Nothing but the Web!
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Training: No. 1 priority
ICT for Language Teachers (ICT4LT):
http://www.ict4lt.org
EC-funded project
16 training modules
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Loads of government money (1)
DfES:http://www.dfes.gov.uk/languages
Curriculum Online:
http://www.curriculumonline.gov.uk
BECTA:
http://www.becta.org.uk
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Loads of government money (2)
ICT Advice:http://www.ictadvice.org.uk
CILT:http://www.cilt.org.uk
Languages ICT:http://www.languages-ict.org.uk
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CALL typology (1)
Davies & Higgins (1982 & 1985)Gap-filling exercisesMultiple-choice exercisesFree-format exercisesRe-ordering exercisesSimulations & adventuresAction mazes
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CALL typology (2)
GamesTotal Cloze: text reconstructionExploratory programsWriting – word-processing
See ICT4LT Module 1.4
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Phases of CALL (1)
Warschauer (1996)BehaviouristicCommunicativeIntegrative
Multimedia The Internet
See ICT4LT Module 1.4
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Phases of CALL (2)
Levy (1997)
Data Driven Learning was the only new
approach to language teaching that was
cited by survey respondents as a direct result
of the attributes of the computer. In other
words, this approach has been conceived
with the computer in mind.
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Phases of CALL (3)
Bax (2003)
Restricted
Open
Integrated
- process of normalisation
See ICT4LT Module 1.4
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Methodology (1)
Hewer S. (2000)
CALL methodology: integrating CALL into
study programmes, ICT4LT, Module 2.1:
http://www.ict4lt.org
June 2005 Coleraine 18
Methodology (2)
King L. (2003)
Improving the quality of language
learning in schools: approaches to
teaching and learning, London: CILT:
http://www.cilt.org.uk/key/approaches.h
tm
June 2005 Coleraine 19
Methodology (3)
Decoo W. (2001)
On the mortality of language learning methods.
Paper given as the James L. Barker lecture
at Brigham Young University:
http://www.didascalia.be/mortality.htm
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Decoo (1)
Traditional approach: Grammar-translation, learning vocab lists
60s: Communicative approach
70s: Authentic input, direct communication
80s and 90s: Direct Method
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Decoo (2)
1930s: Reading Method1940s: US Army Method1950s: Audio-Lingual Method (New Key)1960s: SGAV1970s: CEF: Functional-Notional Model1980s: Communicative Approach1990s and early 21c: Constructivism
June 2005 Coleraine 22
Attitudes to methodology (1)
Littlemore J. (2002)
Setting up a course in ICT for Language
Teachers: some essential considerations,
CALL-EJ Online 4, 1:
http://www.tell.is.ritsumei.ac.jp/
callejonline/journal/4-1/littlemore.html
June 2005 Coleraine 23
Attitudes to methodology (2)
Davies G., Bangs P., Frisby R. & Walton E.
(2005) Setting up effective digital
language laboratories and multimedia ICT
suites for MFL, London: CILT:
http://www.languages-ict.org.uk/
info/digital_language_labs.pdf
June 2005 Coleraine 24
Where are we heading?
Sam Goldwyn:
I never prophesy – especially about the future.
June 2005 Coleraine 25
Historic blunders
TelephoneRadioComputer
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Whither technology?
Expansion of online learningHuman Language Technologies
See ICT4LT Module 3.5 Podcasting: Partners in Excellence
(Scotland):http://www.pie.org.uk
June 2005 Coleraine 29
Whither methodology?
Three C’sCommunication
Cooperation
Constructivism
But see Decoo (2003)
June 2005 Coleraine 30
Normalisation
Email: Keeping in touch with friendsOnline shoppingChecking train timetablesBooking flight ticketsMaking hotel reservationsChecking on the weatherEtc...
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