Comprehension Strategies
Students with SLD
• Aptitude achievement discrepancy
• SLD can cause a person to have trouble learning and using certain skills. – most often affected are: reading,
writing, listening, speaking, reasoning, and doing math.
• Limited time for intervention prior to graduation or dropping out (Faggella-Lubby & Deschler, 2008)
Students with Learning Disabilities
Luisa• NAEP (national assessment
of educational progress) findings: – 26% eight grade students c/n
read for daily living– 68% secondary student below
proficiency (McCardle & Chhabra, 2004).
• Reading primary area disability is manifested
• Years of failure– motivation
• Limited decoding skills• At risk because of
underachievement
Greatest Hurdle
• Good readers like to read..
• Poor or struggling readers have years of failure…likely to give up earlier….must increase time on task so they can “fall into” or engage
Engagement• Vocabulary instruction
improves students comprehension– Direct– Computer-assisted– Keep word banks
• Domain knowledge– Retention is critical– Assume greater
knowledge than have
Write down everything you know about Civil War (6th and 7th)
Motivation increases when students play active role (Vaughn et al., 2000)
• Self-monitoring– Did I understand this?
• Self-questioning?– How does this relate to
• Summarizing– I have learned
• Written questions– Teacher made
• Provide alternate modes for answering
Cooperative Learning
• Several research studies have demonstrated the benefits of cooperative learning (e.g., Gersten et al, 2001).– Mixed group – accountability
Instructional Pedagogy
• Primary Elements (Swanson, 1999)– Daily review of previously
covered material– Teacher statement of
objectives– Presentation of new
material– Teacher guided students
practice– Independent practice– evaluation
Simple Suggestions
Self-Adjustable Eyeglass Lenses“In developed countries, getting glasses is a simple matter: Visit an optometrist, get a prescription and have it filled at a corner store. Not so in the developing, world, where…
Self-adjustable Eyeglass Lenses
• Visual– More than 7 letters
• domain knowledge or concept
• Receptive language– Have greater receptive
vocabulary than reading one
“In developed countries, getting glasses is a simple matter: Visit an optometrist, get a prescription and have it filled at a corner store. Not so in the developing, world, where…
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