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Yfpma5 AFOYS@AY FD MOQXS@OAH
L@]HS QYHHN [M[H AFS[/ vs/ AFXSY FD @[[H@NQ. B/S/ Of/ 039;8;.
Euoh 0=. 0==2
D@AYQ
Gfobjfob Bfvhrolhot Quppnmhs Ihp`rtlhot 'Gfobjfob- afotr athi
phtmtmfohr L`yhr Qthhn [mph Afrp/ 'L`yhr- tf l`oud`aturh `oi suppny
v`rmfus sthhn pmphs `oi dmttmob drfl @ubust tf Fatfchr 0=71 wgmag ms tf
ch sgmpphi tf Gfobjfob/ Ygh p`rtmhs efmotny `ppfmothi Moiustrm`n
Mosphatmfo Mothro`tmfo`n `s ` tgmri,p`rty mosphatfr tf hx`lmoh wghtghr
tgh pmphs `oi dmttmobs `rh l`oud`aturhi mo `aafri`oah wmtg tgh
sphamdma`tmfos mo tgh afotr`at/
[rmfr tf tgh sgmplhot. L`yhr mosurhi tgh pmphs `oi tgh dmttmob @B@MOQY
@NN SMQJQ wmtg prmv`th rhspfoihot Qfutg Qh` Qurhty `oi Mosur`oah Af/
'Qfutg Qh`- `oi Ag`rthr Mosur`oah Afrp/ 'Ag`rthr-/
Chdfrh tgh sgmplhot. Mothro`tmfo`n hx`lmohi tgh sthhn pmphs `oi tgh
dmttmob `oi ahrtmdmhi tg`t `nn `rh mo BFFI FSIHS chdfrh tghy whrh
nf`ihi tf tgh vhsshn/ Ofohtghnhss. wgho tgh bffis wgho rh`aghi
Gfobjfob. mt w`s imsafvhrhi tg`t ` sucst`otm n pfrtmfo tghrhfd w`s
i`l`bhi/
L`yhr dmnhi ` an`ml `b`most Qfutg Qh` `oi Ag`rthr dfr moihlomty uoihr
tgh mosur`oah afotr`at/ Ag`rthr p`mi Gfobjfob tgh `lfuot fd
GJ)49.=;9/28/ Cut Qfutg Qh` rhdushi p`ylhot fo tgh brfuoi tg`t tgh
mosur`oah survhyfrs rhpfrt `nnhbhiny sgfwhi tg`t tgh i`l`bh ms `
d`atfry ihdhat/
Yrm`n Afurt ihamihi mo d`vfur fd phtmtmfohr `oi dfuoi tg`t tgh i`l`bh
tf tgh bffis ms oft iuh tf l`oud`aturmob ihdhats/ Yg`t tgh mosur`oah
afotr`at mo afotrfvhrsy ms `t @NN SMQJQ pfnmamhs wgmag mosurh `b`most `nn
a`ushs fd afoahmv`cnh nfss fr i`l`bh/
A@ sht `smih tgh trm`n afurts dmoimobs `oi imslmsshi tgh aflpn`mot fo
tgh brfuoi fd prhsarmptmfo: mt movfjhi Qhatmfo 1'4- fd tgh A`rrm`bh fd
Bffis cy tgh Qh` @at 'AFBQ@- smoah mt dmnhi fo @prmn 02. 0=74 fr lfrh
tg`o twf yh`rs drfl tgh tmlh tgh bffis whrh uonf`ihi drfl tgh
vhsshn/
[HA@s Imbhst Mosur`oah N`w [`bh 0
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MQQXH5 RFO tgh phtmtmfohrs a`ush fd `atmfo g`s `nrh`iy chho c`rrhi cy
prhsarmptmfo:RFO tgh AFBQ@ ms tgh `ppnma`cnh n`w/
QAs Sunmob5Ygh Afurt `oswhrhi mo tgh ohb`tmvh/
@aafrimob tf tgh Afurt. tgh A@ hrrhi mo `ppnymob tgh AFBQ@ n`w mo tgmsa`sh/
Qhatmfo 1'4- fd tgh AFBQ@ tgh a`rrmhr `oi tgh sgmp sg`nn ch
imsag`rbhi drfl `nn nm`cmnmty mo rhsphat fd nfss fr i`l`bh uonhss tgh sumt
ms crfubgt wmtgmo foh yh`r `dthr tgh ihnmvhry d tgh bffis sgfuni g`vh
chho imsafvhrhi/
Mo tgh `cfvhamthi prfvmsmfo. mt ms anh`r tg`t fony tgh a`rrmhrs nm`cmnmty ms
hxtmobumsghi md of sumt ms crfubgt wmtgmo foh yh`r/ Cut tgh nm`cmnmty fd
tgh mosurhr ms oft hxtmobumsghi cha`ush tgh mosurhrs nm`cmnmty ms oftc`shi fo tgh afotr`at fd a`rrm`bh cut fo tgh afotr`at fd mosur`oah/
AFBQ@ bfvhros tgh rhn`tmfosgmp fd tgh sgmpphr `oi tgh a`rrmhr/ Mt ifhs
oft `ddhat tgh rhn`tmfosgmp chtwhho tgh sgmpphr `oi tgh mosurhr/
Ygh Dmnmpmof Lhrag`ots A`sh ms oft `ppnma`cnh mo tgms a`sh/ Mo tgh
Dmnmpmof Lhrag`ots A`sh. mt w`s tgh mosurhr wgf dmnhi ` an`ml `b`most
tgh a`rrmhr dfr rhmlcurshlhot fd tgh `lfuot mt p`mi tf tgh sgmpphr/ Mo
tgms a`sh. mt ms tgh sgmpphr wgmag dmnhi ` a`sh `b`most tgh mosurhr/ Mt
c`shi fo tgh @NN SMQJQ mosur`oah pfnmamhs mssuhi cy Qfutg Qh`/
Yfpma5 IFMOB FS YS@OQ@AYMOB @O MOQXS@OAH CXQMOHQQ
[GMNM[[MOH GH@NYG A@SH [SFTMIHSQ MOA/ vs/ AFLLMQQMFOHS FD
MOYHSO@N SHTHOXH. BS/ Of/ 04211; .QH[Y/ 07. 3;;=
D`ats
[htmtmfohr5 [gmngh`ntg. ` iflhstma afrpfr`tmfo wgfsh l`mo purpfsh ms tf
hst`cnmsg. l`mot`mo. afoiuat `oi fphr`th ` prhp`mi brfup pr`atmah
gh`ntg a`rh ihnmvhry systhl fr ` gh ntg l`motho`oah
frb`omz`tmfo 'GLF- tf t`jh a`rh fd tgh smaj `oi ims`cnhi phrsfos
horfnnhi mo tgh gh`ntg a`rh pn`o `oi tf prfvmih dfr tgh `ilmomstr`tmvh.
nhb`n. `oi dmo`oam`n rhspfosmcmnmtmhs fd tgh frb`omz`tmfo/
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Lhlchrs p`mi tghmr `oou`n lhlchrsgmp dhh `oi `rh hotmtnhi tf v`rmfus
prhvhotmvh. im`bofstma `oi aur`tmvh lhima`n shrvmahs prfvmihi cy mts
iuny nmahoshi pgysmam`os. spham`nmsts `oi ftghr prfdhssmfo`n thagoma`n
st`dd p`rtmamp`tmob mo tgh brfup pr`atmah gh`ntg ihnmvhry systhl `t `
gfspmt`n fr anmoma fwohi. fphr`thi fr `aarhimthi cy mt/
[gmngh`ntg w`s `sshsshi tf p`y IFAXLHOY@S] QY@L[ Y@W 'IQY- cy
tgh rhspfoihot phrt`momob tf mts gh`ntg a`rh `brhhlhot pursu`ot tf
Qhatmfo 078 fd tgh 0==2 Y`x Afih/
[gmngh`ntg afothsthi an`mlmob tg`t tghy `rh oft `o mosur`oah aflp`oy
`oi tg`t tghy `rh lhrhny ` gh`ntg l`motho`oah frb`omz`tmfo/ Yghy `nsf
an`mlhi tg`t tghy `v`mnhi t`x `lohsty pursu`ot tf S@ =79; fr tgh Y`x
@lohsty @at fd 3;;2/
Mssuh5 RFO [gmngh`ntg ms hob`bhi mo `o mosur`oah cusmohss: ghoah tghy `rhrhqumrhi uoihr Qhatmfo 078 fd tgh 0==2 Y`x Afih tf ` IQY/
QAs Sunmob5 Ygh Afurt `oswhrhi mo tgh ohb`tmvh `oi dmois tg`t tgh
phtmtmfohr ms lhrhny ` gh`ntg l`motho`oah frb`omz`tmfo/
[htmtmfohr ms `ilmtthiny `o GLF/ Xoihr S@ 2728 'fr Ygh O`tmfo n
Gh`ntg Mosur`oah @at fd 0==8-. `o GLF ms `o hotmty tg`t prfvmihs.
fddhrs fr `rr`obhs dfr afvhr`bh fd ihsmbo`thi gh`ntg shrvmahs ohhihi
cy pn`o lhlchrs dfr ` dmxhi prhp`mi prhlmul/
Mo tgh nfob nmoh fd a`shs mo tgh Xomthi Qt`ths. tgh XQ Afurts `ifpthi
tgh thst tf ihthrlmoh wghtghr `o GLF ms hob`bhi mo tgh mosur`oah
cusmohss. tgh thsts `rh tgh dfnnfwmob5 tgh `ssulptmfo fd rmsj `oi
moihlomdma`tmfo fd nfss/ Yghsh thsts `rh afosmihrhi tf ch tgh
prmoamp`n fcehatmvhs mo ifmob `o mosur`oah cusmohss/ Md tghsh `rh tgh
prmoamp`n fcehatmvhs. tgh cusmohss ms tg`t fd mosur`oah/ Cut md tghy `rh
lhrhny moamihot n `oi shrvmah ms tgh prmoamp`n purpfsh. tgho tgh
cusmohss ms oft mosur`oah/ 'YGH [SMOAM[@N FCEHAY @OI [XS[FQH YHQY-
Durtghr. @lhrma`o afurts g`vh pfmothi fut tg`t tgh l`mo imddhrhoahchtwhho `o GLF `oi `o mosur`oah aflp`oy ms tg`t GLFs uoihrt`jh
tf prfvmih fr `rr`obh dfr tgh prfvmsmfo fd lhima`n shrvmahs
tgrfubg p`rtmamp`tmob pgysmam`os wgmnh mosur`oah aflp`omhs
smlpny uoihrt`jh tf moihlomdy tgh mosurhi dfr lhima`n
hxphoshs moaurrhi up tf ` prh,`brhhi nmlmt/
[HA@s Imbhst Mosur`oah N`w [`bh 1
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Mo tgms a`sh. phtmtmfohr `s `o GLF. g`s tgh fcnmb`tmfo tf l`mot`mo tgh
bffi gh`ntg fd mts lhlchrs cy w`y fd mts prhvhotmvh `oi im`bofstma
lhima`n shrvmahs/ @aafrimobny. mts gh`ntg a`rh prfbr`ls `rh ihsmbohi
tf prhvhot fr tf lmomlmzh tgh pfssmcmnmty fd `oy `ssulptmfo fd rmsj fo
mts p`rt/ Ygus. mts uoihrt`jmob uoihr mts `brhhlhots ms oft tf moihlomdy
mts lhlchrs `b`most `oy nfss fr i`l`bh `rmsmob drfl ` lhima`n
afoimtmfo cut. fo tgh afotr`ry. tf prfvmih tgh gh`ntg `oi lhima`n
shrvmahs ohhihi tf prhvhot suag nfss fr i`l`bh/
Fvhr nn. phtmtmfohr `pph`rs tf prfvmih mosur`oah,typh chohdmts tf mts
lhlchrs 'wmtg rhsphat tf mts aur`tmvh lhima`n shrvmahs-. cut tghsh `rh
moamihot`n tf tgh prmoamp`n `atmvmty fd prfvmimob tghl lhima`n a`rh/ Ygh
mosur`oah,nmjh `sphat fd phtmtmfohrs cusmohss ms lmomsaunh aflp`rhi
tf mts ofomosur`oah `atmvmtmhs/ Yghrhdfrh. smoah mt sucst`otm`nny prfvmihs
gh`ntg a`rh shrvmahs r`tghr tg`o mosur oah shrvmahs. mt a`ooft ch
afosmihrhi `s chmob mo tgh mosur`oah cusmohss/
[htmtmfohr. `s `o GLF. uoihrt`jhs ` cusmohss rmsjwgho mt fddhrs tf
prfvmih gh`ntg shrvmahs5 tgh rmsj tg`t mt lmbgt d mn tf h`ro `
rh`sfo`cnh rhturo fo mts movhstlhot/ Cut mt ms oft tgh rmsj fd tgh
typh phaunm r fony tf mosur`oah aflp`omhs/ Mosur`oah rmsj. `nsf
jofwo `s `atu`rm`n rmsj. ms tgh rmsj tg`t tgh afst fd mosur`oah
an`mls lmbgt ch gmbghr tg`o tgh prhlmuls p`mi/ Ygh `lfuot
fd prhlmul ms a`naun`thi fo tgh c`sms fd `ssulptmfos l`ih
rhn`tmvh tf tgh mosurhi
Dmo`nny. tgh phtmtmfohrs t`x nm`cmnmty w`s hxtmobumsghi uoihr tgh Y`x
@lohsty N`w/
Yfpma5 AFOYS@AY FD @IGHQMFO&DMOH [SMOY SXNH
[HA@s Imbhst Mosur`oah N`w [`bh 9
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HYHSO@N B@SIHOQ LHLFSM@N [@SJ AFS[/ vs/ YGH [GMNM[[MOH
@LHSHSMA@O NMDH MOQXS@OAH AFL[@O]. B/S/ of/ 044398. @prmn =.
3;;7
D@AYQ
Hthro`n B`rihos 'Hthro`n- `oi rhspfoihot [gmn@l Nmdh hothrhi motf `o
`brhhlhot jofwo `s ASHIMYFS BSFX[ NMDH [FNMA] Of/ [,0=3;/ Xoihr
tgh pfnmay. tgh anmhots fd Hthro`n wgf purag`shi curm`n nfts drfl mt fo
most`nnlhot c`sms wfuni ch mosurhi cy [gmn lnmdh/ Ygh `lfuot fd
mosur`oah afvhr`bh ihphoihi upfo tgh hxmstmob c`n`oah fd tgh
purag`shi curm`n nfts/ Ygh pfnmay w`s tf ch hddhatmvh dfr ` phrmfi fd foh
yh`r. rhohw`cnh fo ` yh`rny c`sms/
Fo tgh `brhhlhot. mt w`s stmpun`thi tg`t of mosur`oah md tgh `ppnma`tmfo
fd tgh Nft [urag`shr ms oft `pprfvhi cy tgh rhspfoihots/
Hthro`n aflpnmhi wmtg tgh `cfvhamthi stmpun`tmfo/ Fo Ihahlchr 3=.
0=73 Hthro`n shot ` nhtthr tf [gmn@l Nmdh afot`momob ` nmst fd mosur`cnh
c`n`oahs fd mts nft cuyhrs dfr Fatfchr 0=73/ Foh fd tgfsh moanuihi mo
tgh nmst `s #ohw cusmohss# w`s ` ahrt`mo Efgo Agu`ob/ Gms c`n`oah fd
p`ylhots w`s [g[ 0;;.;;;/ Fo @ubust 3. 0=79. Agu`ob imhi/
Xpfo Agu`obs ih`tg. Hthro`n wrfth ` nhtthr tf [gmn@l Nmdh. `tt`agmob
tghrhtf pmhahs fd hvmihoah tg`t wfuni w`rr`ot tgh ih`tg fd Agu`ob/
[gmn@l Nmdh rhpnmhi `sjmob dfr ftghr ifaulhots rhn`tmvh mts mosur`oahdfr Agu`obs ih`tg mo wgmag Hthro n tr oslmtthi tgh rhquhsthi
ifaulhots fo Ofvhlchr 09. 0=79/ @dthr lfrh tg`o ` yh`r. Hthro`n bft
of rhpny drfl [gmn@l/
Ghoah. tgms prflpthi Hthro`n tf ihl`oi rhspfosh tf tgh rhspfoihot/
[gmn@l Nmdh rhpnmhi tg`t Agu`ob g`s of `ppnma`tmfo dfr tgh brfup
mosur`oah suclmtthi chdfrh tghmr fddmah prmfr tf gms ih`tg/
[gmn@l movfjhi tgh phrtmohot prfvmsmfo fo tghmr `brhhlhot wgmag
sph`js tg`t tghrh sg`nn ch of mosur`oah md tgh `ppnma`tmfo ms oft`pprfvhi cy tgh Aflp`oy/#
MQQXH5 RFO mo`atmfo fd tgh mosurhr fo tgh mosur`oah `ppnma`tmfo ch
afosmihrhi `s `pprfv`n fd tgh `ppnma`tmfo/
QAs IHAMQMFO5 Ygh Afurt `oswhrhi mo tgh `ddmrl`tmvh/
[HA@s Imbhst Mosur`oah N`w [`bh 8
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@aafrimob tf tgh Afurt. MOQXS@OAH AFOYS@AY `rh afotr`ats fd
`ighsmfo wgmag `rh wgfnny prhp`rhi cy tgh mosurhr wmtg v`st `lfuots
fd hxphrmhoah mo tgh moiustry purpfshny ushi tf mts `iv`ot`bh/ Mt
afot`mos thagoma`n thrls `oi afoimtmfos wgmag `o frimo`ry n`yphrsfo
a`ooft uoihrst`oi fr afuni a`ush afodusmfo/ Ghoah. mosur`oah
afotr`ats `rh mlcuhi wmtg pucnma mothrhst/ Qf. mo frihr tf prfthat tgh
mothrhst fd mosur`oah `ppnma`ots. mosur`oah aflp`omhs lust ch
fcnmb`thi tf `at wmtg g`sth upfo mosur`oah `ppnma`tmfos. tf hmtghr ihoy
fr `pprfvh tgh s`lh. fr ftghrwmsh ch cfuoi tf gfofr tgh `ppnma`tmfo
`s ` v`nmi. cmoimob. `oi hddhatmvh mosur`oah afotr`at
Mo tgms a`sh. tgh Afurt dmois tg`t tgh nhtthr i`thi Ihahlchr 3=. 0=73.
wgmag [gmn`lnmdh st`lphi `s rhahmvhi. st`ths tg`t tgh mosur`oah dfrls
dfr tgh `tt`aghi nmst fd curm`n nft cuyhrs whrh `tt`aghi tf tgh nhtthr/
Quag st`lp fd rhahmpt g`s tgh hddhat fd `ajofwnhibmob rhahmptfd tgh nhtthr tfbhtghr wmtg tgh `tt`aglhots/ Ygh curiho fd
hvmihoah sgmdthi tf tgh rhspfoihot wgmag lust prfvh tg`t tgh nhtthr
imi oft afot mo Agu`ob"s mosur oah `ppnma`tmfo/ Gfwhvhr. [gmn`lnmdh
d`mnhi tf if sf: tgus. [gmn`lnmdh ms ihhlhi tf g`vh rhahmvhi Agu`ob"s
mosur`oah `ppnma`tmfo/
Yf afoanuih. [gmn@l Nmdh `ssulhi tgh rmsj fd nfss wmtgfut `pprfvmob
tgh `ppnma`tmfo/
Yfpma5 [@SYMHQ MO MOQXS@OAH AFOYS@AY,MOQXSHS @OI
MOQXSHI:CHOHDMAM@S]
BSH@Y [@AMDMA NMDH @QQXS@OAH AFS[/ vs/ A@ `oi LHI@SI@ T/
NHXYHSMF. B/S Of/ 0017==. FAYFCHS 01. 0===
D@AYQ
Brh`t [`amdma Nmdh @ssur`oah Afrpfr`tmfo 'Brhp`nmdh- hxhauthi `
afotr`at fd brfup nmdh mosur`oah wmtg Ihvhnfplhot C`oj fd tgh[gmnmppmohs 'IC[- wghrhmo Brhp`nmdh `brhhi tf mosurh tgh nmvhs fd
hnmbmcnh gfusmob nf`o lfrtb`bfrs fd IC[/
Foh suag nf`o lfrtb`bfr ms Ir/ Rmndrhif Nhuthrmf/ Mo `o `ppnma`tmfo
dfrl. Ir/ Nhuthrmf `oswhrhi quhstmfos afoahromob gms thst. `tthstmob
[HA@s Imbhst Mosur`oah N`w [`bh 4
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`lfob ftghrs tg`t gh ifhs oft g`vh `oy gh`rt afoimtmfos `oi tg`t gh
ms mo bffi gh`ntg tf tgh chst fd gms jofwnhibh/
Gfwhvhr. `dthr `cfut ` yh`r. Ir/ Nhuthrmf imhi iuh tf l`ssmvh
ahrhcr`n ghlfrrg`bh/ Rgho IC[ suclmtthi ` ih`tg an ml tf
Brhp`nmdh. tgh n`tthr ihomhi tgh an`ml. `nnhbmob tg`t Ir/ Nhuthrmf imi oftimsanfsh gh g`i chho suddhrmob drfl gyphrthosmfo. wgmag a`ushi gms
ih`tg/ @nnhbhiny. suag ofo,imsanfsurh afostmtuthi afoah`nlhot tg`t
eustmdmhi tgh ihom`n fd tgh an`ml/
Ghoah. tgh wmifw fd tgh n`th Ir/ Nhuthrmf dmnhi ` aflpn`mot `b`most
Brhp`nmdh dfr Qphamdma [hrdfrl`oah wmtg I`l`bhs/ Cftg tgh trm`n afurt
`oi tgh Afurt fd @pph`ns dfuoi mo d`vfr fd tgh wmifw `oi frihrhi
Brhp`nmdh tf p`y IC[/
MQQXH5 RFO A@ hrrhi mo gfnimob Brhp`nmdh nm`cnh tf IC[ `s chohdmam`ry mo `
brfup nmdh mosur`oah afotr`at drfl ` aflpn`mot dmnhi cy tgh wmifw fd tgh
ihahihot&lfrtb`bfr/
QAs SXNMOB5
Ygh r`tmfo`nh fd ` brfup fd mosur`oah pfnmay fd lfrtb`bfrs. ftghrwmsh
jofwo `s tgh lfrtb`bh rhihlptmfo mosur`oah. ms ` ihvmah dfr tghprfthatmfo fd cftg tgh lfrtb`bhh `oi tgh lfrtb`bfr/
Fo tgh p`rt fd tgh lfrtb`bhh. mt g`s tf hothr motf suag dfrl fd afotr`atsf tg`t mo tgh hvhot fd tgh uohxphathi ihlmsh fd tgh lfrtb`bfr iurmobtgh sucsmsthoah fd tgh lfrtb`bh afotr`at. tgh prfahhis drfl suagmosur oah wmnn ch `ppnmhi tf tgh p`ylhot fd tgh lfrtb`bh ihct.tghrhcy rhnmhvmob tgh ghmrs fd tgh lfrtb`bfr drfl p`ymob tghfcnmb`tmfo/
Mo ` smlmn`r vhmo. `lpnh prfthatmfo ms bmvho tf tgh lfrtb`bfr uoihr
suag ` afoahpt sf tg`t mo tgh hvhot fd ih`tg. tgh lfrtb`bh fcnmb`tmfowmnn ch hxtmobumsghi cy tgh `ppnma`tmfo fd tgh mosur`oah prfahhis tf tghlfrtb`bh moihcthiohss/ Mo tgms typh fd pfnmay mosur`oah. tghlfrtb`bhh ms smlpny `o `ppfmothh fd tgh mosur`oah duoi/ Quag nfss,p`y`cnh an`ush ifhs oft l`jh tgh lfrtb`bhh ` p`rty tf tgh afotr`at/
Ygh mosurhi. chmob tgh phrsfo wmtg wgfl tgh afotr`at w`s l`ih. ms
prml`rmny tgh prfphr phrsfo tf crmob sumt tghrhfo/ Qucehat tf sflhhxahptmfos. mosurhi l`y tgus suh. `ntgfubg tgh pfnmay ms t`jho wgfnnyfr mo p`rt dfr tgh chohdmt fd `oftghr phrsfo. suag `s ` lfrtb`bhh/
[HA@s Imbhst Mosur`oah N`w [`bh 2
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@oi smoah ` pfnmay fd mosur`oah upfo nmdh fr gh`ntg l`y p`ss cytr`osdhr. wmnn fr suaahssmfo tf `oy phrsfo. wghtghr gh g`s `o mosur`cnhmothrhst fr oft. `oi suag phrsfo l`y rhafvhr mt wg`thvhr tgh mosurhilmbgt g`vh rhafvhrhi. tgh wmifw fd tgh ihahihot Ir/ Nhuthrmf l`y dmnhtgh sumt `b`most tgh mosurhr. Brhp`nmdh/
Yfpma5 AFOYS@AY FD @IGHQMFO&DMOH [SMOY SXNH
RHQYHSO BX@S@OY] AFS[/ vs/ A@ ht/ `n. B/S of/ =0444. Euny 3;.
0==;
D@AYQ
@ ahrt`mo [rmsamnn` Sfirmbuhz w`s struaj cy ` Ih Imfs p`sshobhr cus
fwohi cy Ih Imfs Yr`ospfrt`tmfo Af/ Moa/ @s ` rhsunt. sgh w`s tgrfwo
tf tgh brfuoi gmttmob ghr dfrhgh`i/ [rhsamnn` w`s gfspmt`nmzhi `s ghrd`ah w`s phrl`ohotny imsdmburhi a`usmob ghr shrmfus `oxmhty `oi lfr`n
imstrhss/ Qgh an`mlhi i`l`bhs `b`most Ih Imfs/
Ih Imfs ms mosurhi wmtg tgh Rhsthro Bu`r`oty/ Mt g`s chho stmpun`thi
cy tgh p`rtmhs. `lfob ftghr tgmobs. tgh [SFYHAYMFO @B@MOQY YGMSI
[@SY] NM@CMNMY]/ 'Rhsthro wmnn p`y @NN QXLQ OHAHQQ@S] YF
IMQAG@SBH NM@CMNMY] FD YGH QMOQXSHI MO SHQ[HAY FD xxx ih`tg fr
cfimny moeury fr i`l`bh tf prfphrty fd `oy YGMSI [@SY] x x x/
Ygh trm`n afurt ihamihi mo d`vfur fd [rmsamnn`/ Mt frihrhi tg`t Ih Imfs`oi Rhsthro tf p`y efmotny `oi shvhr nny tgh rhnmhd sfubgt pnus
aflphos`tmfo dfr nfss fd h`romob iurmob pn`motmdds moa`p`amty tf wfrj:
lfr`n i`l`bhs. `ttfrohys dhh `oi afst fd sumt/
Rhsthro afothsthi tgh ihamsmfo/ Mt an`mlhi tg`t tghy a`ot ch ghni
nm`cnh dfr nfss fd h`romobs. lfr`n i`l`bhs `oi `ttfrohy"s dhhs cha`ush
tghsh mthls `rh oft `lfob tgfsh moanuihi mo tgh Qaghiunh fd
Moihlomtmhs sht dfrtg mo tgh mosur`oah pfnmay/
MQQXH5 RFO Rhsthro ms fcnmb`thi tf p`y tgh `atu`n i`l`bhs. lfr ni`l`bhs. `ttfrohys dhh `oi afst fd sumt hvho md tghsh `rh oft moanuihi mo tgh
mosur`oah pfnmay/
QAs SXNMOB5 Ygh Afurt ghni mo tgh `ddmrl`tmvh/
@aafrimob tf tgh Afurt. mosur`oah afotr`at ms ` afotr`at fd `ighsmfo/
Ygh runh ms whnn hotrhoaghi mo fur eurmspruihoah tg`t tgh thrls fd suag
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afotr`at `rh tf ch afostruhi strmatny `b`most tgh p`rty wgmag prhp`rhi
tgh afotr`at. wgmag mo tgms a`sh g`pphos tf ch phtmtmfohr Rhsthro/
@o hx`lmo`tmfo fd Qhatmfo 0 fd tgh Nm`cmnmty fd tgh [ucnma fd tgh L`sthr
[fnmay mssuhi cy Rhsthro tf Ih Imfs. mt shhls tg`t mt l`rjhi fut mo
aflprhghosmvh thrls. `nn suls ohahss`ry tf imsag`rbh nm`cmnmty fdtgh mosurhi mo rhsphat fd Ztgh prhampmt`tmob hvhots\#
Mt lust ch strhsshi. gfwhvhr. tg`t tgh Qaghiunh fd Moihlomtmhs
ifhs oftpurpfrt tf nmlmt. fr tf houlhr`th hxg`ustmvhny. tgh sphamhs fdcfimny moeury faaurrhoah fd wgmag bhohr`th nm cmnmty dfr phtmtmfohrRhsthro/ @ a`r `aamihot l`y. dfr most`oah. rhsunt mo moeury tf mothro`nfrb`os fd ` p`sshobhr fr tgmri p`rty. wmtgfut `oy `aaflp`oymob`lput`tmfo fr nfss fd `o hxthro`n lhlchr 'h/b/. ` dfft fr `o `rl fr `ohyh-/ Cut suag mothro`n moeurmhs `rh surhny afvhrhi cy Qhatmfo M fd tghL`sthr [fnmay. smoah tghy ahrt`mony afostmtuth cfimny moeurmhs/
Durtghr. tgh Qaghiunh fd Moihlomtmhs w`s lhrhny lh`ot tf sht nmlmts tf
tgh `lfuots tgh lfv`ot wfuni ch nm`cnh dfr mo a`shs fd an`mls dfrih`tg. cfimny moeurmhs fd. prfdhssmfo`n shrvmahs `oi gfspmt`n ag`rbhs. dfrshrvmahs rhoihrhi tf tr ddma `aamihot vmatmls." `oi oft ohahss`rmnyhxanuih an mls `b`most tgh mosur`oah pfnmay dfr ftghr jmois fdi`l`bhs. suag `s tgfsh mo quhstmfo/
Yfpma5 MOYHS[SHY@YMFO FD MOQXS@OAH AFOYS@AYQ
SMU@N QXSHY] $ MOQXS@OAH AF/ vs/ A@. B/S/ Of/ 00314;. Euoh 07.3;;;
D@AYQ
Smz n Qurhty $ Mosur`oah Aflp`oy 'Smz`n Mosur oah- mssuhi Dmrh
Mosur`oah [fnmay 98232 mo d`vfr fd Yr`oswfrni Jomttmob Lmnns. Moa/
'Yr`oswfrni-. momtm nny dfr [0.;;;.;;;/;; `oi hvhotu`nny moarh`shi tf[0.8;;.;;;/;;. afvhrmob tgh phrmfi drfl 09 @ubust 0=7; tf 01 L`rag0=70/
Ygh s`lh pmhahs fd prfphrty mosurhi wmtg Smz`n Mosur`oah whrh `nsf
mosurhi wmtg Ohw Moim` @ssur`oah Aflp`oy. Nti/. 'Ohw Moim`-/
Fo 03 E`ou`ry 0=70. dmrh crfjh fut mo tgh aflpfuoi fd Yr`oswfrni.
r`zmob tgh lmiinh pfrtmfo fd mts dfur,sp`o cumnimob `oi p`rtny buttmob
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tgh nhdt `oi rmbgt shatmfos tghrhfd/ @ twf,stfrhy cumnimob 'chgmoi s`midfur,sp`o cumnimob- wghrh duo `oi `lushlhot l`agmohs `oi sp`rhp`rts whrh stfrhi. w`s `nsf ihstrfyhi cy tgh dmrh/ Yr`oswfrni dmnhi mtsmosur`oah an`mls wmtg Smz`n Mosur`oah `oi Ohw Moim` cut tf of `v`mn/
Yr`oswfrni ofw crfubgt `b`most Smz`n `oi Ohw Moim` ` `atmfo dfr
afnnhatmfo fd sul fd lfohy/ Mt `oagfrhi mts afothotmfo tg t tgh sfa`nnhi @OOHW 'wghrh tgh `lushlhot l`agmohs `oi sp`rh p`rts whrhstfrhi- w`s OFY `o @OOHW cut w`s `atu`nny `o mothbr`n p`rt fd tghdfur,sp`o cumnimob. ghoah. tgh bffis `oi tgh mthls stfrhi tghrhmo whrhafvhrhi cy tgh s`lh dmrh pfnmay/
Yrm`n Afurt ihamihi mo d`vfur fd Yr`oswfrni: frihrhi tgh Smz`n Qurhty
tf p`y tf tgh dfrlhr tgh mosurhi `lfuot `s whnn `s tgh ftghr afstswgmnh imslmssmob tgh a`sh `bsuots Ohw Moim`/
A@ lfimdmhi tgh ihamsmfo: mt runhi tg`t Ohw Moim` sgfuni nmjhwmsh p`y
tgh mosurhi `lfuot mo d`vfur tf Yr`oswfrni: mt `ddmrlhi tg`t Smz`nQurhty sgfuni `nsf p`y/
MQQXH5 RFO tgh `oohx cumnimob wghrh tgh `lushlhot l`agmohs `oi ftghrhddhats whrh stfrhi ms p`rt fd tgh dmrh mosur`oah pfnmay/
QAs IHAMQMFO5 Ygh Afurt `oswhrhi mo tgh `ddmrl`tmvh/
@dthr sarutmomzmob tgh dmrh mosur`oah `brhhlhot. tgh Afurt dmois tg`t tgh
s`mi dmrh mosur`oah pfnmay mo quhstmfo imi oft nmlmt mts afvhr`bh tf wg`twhrh stfrhi mo tgh dfur,sp`o cumnimob/ '#xxx afot`mohi `oi&fr stfrhiiurmob tgh aurrhoay fd tgms [fnmay mo tgh prhlmshs faaupmhi cy tghldfrlmob p`rt fd tgh cumnimobs smtu`th 'sma- wmtgmo fwo Aflpfuoi xxx#-
Ywf rhqumrhlhots lust afoaur mo frihr tg`t tgh s`mi duo `oi
`lushlhot l`agmohs `oi sp`rh p`rt wfuni ch ihhlhi prfthathi cytgh dmrh mosur`oah pfnmay. tf wmt5 s`mi prfphrtmhs lust afot`mo `oi&frstfrhi mo tgh `rh`s faaupmhi cy Yr`oswfrni `oi s`mi `rh`s lust dfrlp`rt fd tgh cumnimob ihsarmchi mo tgh pfnmay/
Cftg tgh trm`n afurt `oi tgh A@ dfuoi tg`t tgh sf,a`nnhi @OOHW w`s oft
`o `oohx cumnimob cut `o mothbr`n `oi moshp`r`cnh p`rt fd tgh dfur,sp`o
cumnimob ihsarmchi mo tgh pfnmay `oi afoshquhotny. tgh l`agmohs `oitgh sp`rh p`rts stfrhi tghrhmo whrh afvhrhi cy tgh dmrh mosur`oahpfnmay/
Mosur`oah Afotr`ats `rh afotr`ats fd `ighsmfo/ Ghoah. tgh "thrls mo `omosur`oah pfnmay. wgmag `rh `lcmbufus. hqumvfa`n. fr uoahrt`mo x x x`rh tf ch afostruhi strmatny `oi lfst strfobny `b`most tgh mosurhr. `oinmchr`nny mo d`vfr fd tgh mosurhi sf `s tf hddhat tgh iflmo`ot purpfsh fd
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moihlomty fr p`ylhot tf tgh mosurhi. hspham nny wghrh dfrdhmturh msmovfnvh/
Ygh rh`sfo dfr tgms ms tg`t tgh "mosurhi usu`nny g`s of vfmah mo tghshnhatmfo fr `rr`obhlhot fd tgh wfris hlpnfyhi `oi tg`t tgh
n`obu`bh fd tgh afotr`at ms shnhathi wmtg brh`t a`rh `oi ihnmchr`tmfocy hxphrts `oi nhb`n `ivmshrs hlpnfyhi cy. `oi `atmob hxanusmvhny motgh mothrhst fd. tgh mosur`oah aflp`oy/
Yfpma5 MOYHS[SHY@YMFO FD MOQXS@OAH AFOYS@AYQ
@LHSMA@O GFLH @QQXS@OAH AF/ vs/ Y@OYXAF HOYHS[SMQHQ. MOA/.B/S/ Of/ 017=90. Fatfchr 7. 3;;0
D`ats
Y`otuaf Hothrprmshs ms hob`bhi mo tgh afafout lmnnmob `oi rhdmomob
moiustry/ Mt fwos twf fmn lmnns cftg `rh nfa`thi mo tgh aflp`oys d`atfrymo My`l. Nuaho`/ Mt st`rthi wmtg foh fmn lmnn `oi mo 0=77 ` ohw fmn lmnnw`s most`nnhi/
Ygh twf fmn lmnns whrh QH[@S@YHN] afvhrhi cy dmrh mosur`oah pfnmamhs
mssuhi cy [htmtmfohr @lhrma`o Gflh @ssur`oah Af/ Ygh dmrst fmn lmnnw`s mosurhi dfr 1lmnnmfo phsfs wgmnh tgh ohw fmn lmnn w`s dfr 4lmnnmfophsfs/
@ dmrh crfjh wgmag afosulhi tgh ohw fmn lmnn/ Y`otuaf mllhim`thny
modfrlhi @lhrma`o Gflh `cfut tgh moamihot/ @lhrma`o Gflh tghoshot `o `ppr`mshr tf aghaj tgh curohi prhlmshs/
Fo ` nhtthr. @lhrma`o Gflh rhehathi Y`otuafs an`ml dfr tgh mosur`oah
prfahhis/ Yghy `rbuhi tg`t curohi fmn lmnn w`s oft afvhrhi mo tghmosur`oah pfnmay smoah tgh ihsarmptmfo fd tgh mosurhi prhlmsh ms oft tgh
foh tg`t g`i chho curohi/ Y`otuaf dmnhi ` aflpn`mot dfr sphamdmaphrdfrl`oah `oi i`l`bhs/
SYA, ihamihi mo d`vfur fd Y`otuaf: A@ `ddmrlhi tgh s`lh/
MQQXH5 RFO tgh curohi fmn lmnn ms oft afvhrhi mo tgh mosur`oah pfnmay/
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QAs Sunmob5 Ygh Afurt dmois tg`t tgh curohi fmn lmnn ms afvhrhi mo tgh dmrhmosur`oah pfnmay/
@aafrimob tf tgh Afurt. tgh fcehatmvh fd tgh Afurt mo afostrumob `
afotr`at ms tf `sahrt`mo tgh mothot fd tgh p`rtmhs tf tgh afotr`at `oi tf
hodfrah tgh `brhhlhot wgmag tgh p`rtmhs g`vh hothrhi motf/ Moihthrlmomob tgh mothot. tgh afurt wmnn rh`i `oi afostruh tgh pfnmay `s `wgfnh tf ihthrlmoh mts purpfsh `oi fcehat/
Mo tgms a`sh. mt ms anh`r tg`t tgh p`rtmhs rh`nny mothoihi tf prfthat tgh
ohw fmn lmnn 'tgh foh tg`t g`i chho curohi-/ Oftwmtgst`oimob tghlmsihsarmptmfo mo tgh pfnmay. mt ms chyfoi imsputh tg`t wg`t g`s chhomosurhi ms tgh ohw fmn lmnn/ Moihhi. mt wfuni ch `csuri tf `ssulh tg`tY`otuaf wfuni prfthat tgh dmrst fmn lmnn dfr imddhrhot `lfuots `oi nh`stgh uoafvhrhi mts shafoi foh/
Mo vmhw fd tgh austfl fd mosur`oah `bhots tf hx`lmoh cumnimobs chdfrh
wrmtmob pfnmamhs upfo tghl. `oi smoah ` lmst`jh `s tf tgh mihotmty `oiag`r`athr fd tgh cumnimob ms hxtrhlhny XONMJHN]/
Mt ms `nsf anh`r tg`t mt w`s phtmtmfohrs `bhot wgf l`ih `o hrrfr fd
afpymob tgh cfuoi`rmhs fd tgh dmrst fmn lmnn wgho typmob tgh pfnmay tf chmssuhi tf tgh ohw foh/ Ghoah. tgh sfurah fd tgh imsarhp`oay g`pphohiiurmob tgh prhp`r`tmfo fd tgh wrmttho afotr`at/
Ofthwfrtgy `nsf tf pfmot fut tg`t Lr/ Y`otuaf oftmdmhi Lr/ Cfre
'@lhrma`os `bhot- `cfut tgh imsarhp`oay fd tgh ihsarmptmfo mo tghmosur`oah pfnmay/ Gfwhvhr. mosth`i fd afrrhatmob tgh s`lh Lr/ Cfre`
`ssurhi Lr/ Y`otuaf tg`t tgh ush fd tgh `iehatmvh OHR wmnnimstmobumsghi tgh prfphrtmhs mosurhi/
Yfpma5 MOYHS[SHY@YMFO FD MOQXS@OAH AFOYS@AYQ
[@O L@N@]@O MOQXS@OAH AFS[/ vs/ AFXSY FD @[[H@NQ. HSNMOI@D@CMH `oi GHS XOJOFRO ISMTHS. B/S/ Of/ 70;34. @prmn 1. 0==;
D@AYQ
[`o L n`y`o ms tgh mosurhr fd A`onuc`ob @utflftmvh Shsfurah
Afrpfr`tmfo dfr ` Lmtsucmsgm Afnt N`oahr a`r wmtg pn`th oulchr IIU,910/ Qflhtmlh fo L`y 34. 0=78. iuh tf tgh a`rhnhssohss. rhajnhssohss`oi mlpruihoah fd tgh uojofwo irmvhr fd D`cmh tgh mosurhi a`r w`s gmtcy ` pmaj,up truaj fwohi cy tgh n`tthr/
[`oL`n`y ihdr`yhi tgh afst fd tgh rhp`mr: mt cha`lh tgh sucrfbhh fd
A`onuc`ob/ Ihspmth rhph`thi ihl`ois dfr rhmlcurshlhot drfl D`cmh.
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tgh n`tthr rhdushi tf p`y/ D`cmh afothoihi tg`t [`oL`n`y g`s of a`ushfd `atmfo `oi tg`t p`ylhot uoihr tgh #fwo i`l`bh# an`ush fd tghmosur`oah pfnmay prhanuihi sucrfb`tmfo uoihr @rtmanh 33;2 fd tgh AmvmnAfih. smoah moihlomdma`tmfo tghrhuoihr w`s l`ih fo tgh `ssulptmfotg`t tghrh w`s of wrfobifhr fr of tgmri p`rty `t d`unt/
Cftg SYA `oi A@ runhi tg`t [`oL`n`y g`s of a`ush fd `atmfo/
MQQXH5 RFO [`oL`n`y l`y mostmtuth `o `atmfo tf rhafvhr tgh `lfuot mt g`ip`mi mts `ssurhi mo shttnhlhot fd `o mosur`oah an`ml `b`most D`cmh `s tghp`rtmhs `nnhbhiny rhspfosmcnh dfr tgh i`l`bh a`ushi tf tgh mosurhi vhgmanh/
QAs Sunmob5 Ygh Afurt `oswhrhi mo tgh `ddmrl`tmvh `oi runhi tg`t [`oL`n`yg`s a`ush fd `atmfo/
@rtmanh 33;2 fd tgh Amvmn Afih ms dfuoihi fo tgh whnn,shttnhiprmoampnh
fd sucrfb`tmfo/ Md tgh mosurhi prfphrty ms ihstrfyhi fr i`l`bhitgrfubg tgh d`unt fr ohbnmbhoah fd ` p`rty ftghr tg`o tgh `ssurhi. tghotgh mosurhr. upfo p`ylhot tf tgh `ssurhi. wmnn ch sucrfb`thi tf tghrmbgts fd tgh `ssurhi tf rhafvhr drfl tgh wrfobifhr tf tgh hxthot tg`ttgh mosurhr g`s chho fcnmb`thi tf p`y/
[`ylhot cy tgh mosurhr tf tgh `ssurhi fphr`ths `s `o hqumt`cnh
`ssmbolhot tf tgh dfrlhr fd `nn rhlhimhs wgmag tgh n`tthr l`y g`vh`b`most tgh tgmri p`rty wgfsh ohbnmbhoah fr wrfobdun `at a`ushi tghnfss/ Ygh rmbgt fd sucrfb`tmfo ms oft ihphoihot upfo. ofr ifhs mt brfwfut fd. `oy prmvmty fd afotr`at fr upfo wrmttho `ssmbolhot fd an`ml/ Mt`aaruhs smlpny upfo p`ylhot fd tgh mosur`oah an`ml cy tgh mosurhr/
Hxahptmfos tf tgh `cfvhamthi runh5
0/ md tgh `ssurhi cy gms fwo `at rhnh`shs tgh wrfobifhr fr tgmri p`rtynm`cnh dfr tgh nfss fr i`l`bh. drfl nm`cmnmty. tgh mosurhr"s rmbgt fdsucrfb`tmfo ms ihdh`thi.
3/ wghrh tgh mosurhr p`ys tgh `ssurhi tgh v`nuh fd tgh nfst bffiswmtgfut oftmdymob tgh a`rrmhr wgf g`s mo bffi d`mtg shttnhi tgh `ssurhi"san`ml dfr nfss. tgh shttnhlhot ms cmoimob fo cftg tgh `ssurhi `oi tghmosurhr. `oi tgh n`tthr a`ooft crmob `o `atmfo `b`most tgh a`rrmhr fo gms
rmbgt fd sucrfb`tmfo `oi
1/ wghrh tgh mosurhr p`ys tgh `ssurhi dfr ` nfss wgmag ms oft ` rmsjafvhrhi cy tgh pfnmay. tghrhcy hddhatmob #vfnuot`ry p`ylhot#. tghdfrlhr g`s of rmbgt fd sucrfb`tmfo `b`most tgh tgmri p`rty nm`cnh dfr tghnfss
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Mt ms ` c`sma runh mo tgh mothrprht`tmfo fd afotr`ats tg`t tgh thrls fd `afotr`at `rh tf ch afostruhi `aafrimob tf tgh shosh `oi lh`omob fd tghthrls wgmag tgh p`rtmhs tghrhtf g`vh ushi/
Mo tgh a`sh fd prfphrty mosur`oah pfnmamhs. tgh hvmihot mothotmfo fd tgh
afotr`atmob p`rtmhs. m/h/. tgh mosurhr `oi tgh `ssurhi. ihthrlmoh tgh
mlpfrt fd tgh v`rmfus thrls `oi prfvmsmfos hlcfimhi mo tgh pfnmay/ Mt msfony wgho tgh thrls fd tgh pfnmay `rh `lcmbufus. hqumvfa`n fr uoahrt`mo.suag tg`t tgh p`rtmhs tghlshnvhs ims`brhh `cfut tgh lh`omob fd p`rtmaun`rprfvmsmfos. tg`t tgh afurts wmnn mothrvhoh/ Mo suag `o hvhot. tgh pfnmay wmnnch afostruhi cy tgh afurts nmchr`nny mo d`vfr fd tgh `ssurhi `oi strmatny`b`most tgh mosurhr/
Cftg tgh [`oL`n`y `oi A`onuc`ob g`s tgh s`lh uoihrst`oimob tghafvhr`bh mosur`oah rmsjs uoihr Qhatmfo MMM,0 '`- wghrh mt ms aflprhghosmvhhofubg tf moanuih i`l`bh tf tgh mosurhi vhgmanh `rmsmob drfl afnnmsmfo frfvhrturomob iuh tf tgh d`unt fr ohbnmbhoah fd ` tgmri p`rty/ A@ONXC@OB
dmnhi mts an`ml wmtg [@OL@N@] dfr moihlomdma`tmfo fd tgh i`l`bh a`ushi tfmts a`r/ Mt tgho `aahpthi p`ylhot drfl [@OL@N@]. `oi hxhauthi `Shnh`sh fd An`ml `oi Qucrfb`tmfo Shahmpt mo d`vfr fd n`tthr/
Yfpma5 @nh`tfry Mosur`oah
L@N@]@O MOQXS@OAH AF/ vs/ @SO@NIF . B/S/ Of/ N,42718. Fatfchr 03.
0=72
D`ats
[htmtmfohr mssuhi ` Dmrh Mosur`oah [fnmay tf tgh prmv`th rhspfoihot.
Afrfo`amfo [moa` fo ghr prfphrty dfr tgh `lfuot fd [09.;;; hddhatmvh Euny
33. 0=70 tf Euny 33. 0=73/
Qflhtmlh fo Fatfchr 08. 0=70. phtmtmfohr `nnhbhiny A@OAHNNHI tgh pfnmay
dfr ofo,p`ylhot fd tgh prhlmul `oi shot tgh afrrhspfoimob oftmah tf [moa`/
Fo Ihahlchr 39. 0=70. p`ylhot fd tgh prhlmul dfr [moa` w`s rhahmvhi cy
Iflmobf @ifr`. `bhot fd LMAF/ Mt w`s fony fo E`ou`ry 08. 0=73 tg`t @ifr`
rhlmtthi tgh p`ylhot tf LMAF/
Ygrhh i`y n`thr. fo E`ou`ry 07. 0=73. tgh prfphrty fd [moa` w`s aflpnhthny
curohi/ Cut fo Dhcru`ry 8. 0=73 LMAF rhturohi [moa`s p`ylhot fo tgh
brfuoi tg`t ghr pfnmay w`s `nrh`iy a`oahnnhi h`rnmhr/ Ygh n`tthr rhdushi tf
`aahpt mt/
[moa`. l`ih ihl`ois dfr tgh p`ylhot. wgmag LMAF rhehathi/ Ghoah. sgh
shhj rhafursh tf tgh Mosur`oah Afllmsmfo/
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MQQXH5 RFO tgh ihom`n fd p`ylhot cy tgh phtmtmfohr ms v`nmi fo tgh brfuoi tg`t tgh
dmrh mosur`oah pfnmay fd [moa` ms nrh`iy a`oahnnhi dfr ofo,p`ylhot/
QAs Sunmob5 Ygh Afurt `oswhrhi mo tgh ohb`tmvh/
Qhatmfo 22 fd tgh Mosur`oah Afih 'wgmag phtmtmfohr rhnmhs tghmr `rbulhot- ms
oft `ppnma`cnh mo tgms a`sh smoah tgh p`ylhot fd prhlmul w`s l`ih cy tgh
prmv`th rhspfoihot/
QHA/ 22/ @o mosurhr ms hotmtnhi tf p`ylhot fd tgh prhlmul `s sffo `stgh tgmob ms hxpfshi tf tgh phrmn mosurhi `b`most/ Oftwmtgst`oimob `oy`brhhlhot tf tgh afotr`ry. of pfnmay fr afotr`at fd mosur`oah mssuhi cy`o mosur oah aflp`oy ms v`nmi `oi cmoimob uonhss `oi uotmn tgh
prhlmul tghrhfdg`s chho p`mi. hxahpt mo tgh a`sh fd ` nmdh fr `omoiustrm`n nmdh pfnmay wghohvhr tgh br`ah phrmfi prfvmsmfo ppnmhs/
Oft`cny. tgh prhlmul movfmah mssuhi tf [moa` `t tgh tmlh fd tgh ihnmvhry fd
tgh pfnmay fo Euoh 2. 0=70 w`s st`lphi #[`ylhot Shahmvhi# fd tgh `lfuobfd [=1;/4; fo #03,39,70# cy Iflmobf @ifr`/ Ygms ms mlpfrt`ot cha`ush mtsubbhsts `o uoihrst`oimob chtwhho LMAF `oi tgh mosurhi tg`t suag p`ylhotafuni ch l`ih n`thr. `s `bhot @ifr` g`i `ssurhi [moa`/ Mo `oy hvhot. mt ms oftihomhi tg`t tgms p`ylhot w`s `atu`nny l`ih cy [moa` tf @ifr`. wgf rhlmtthitgh s`lh tf LMAF/
Mt wfuni shhl drfl LMAF"s fwo tghfry. tg`t tgh pfnmay wfuni g`vh chaflh
hddhatmvh fony upfo p`ylhot. md `aahpthi `oi sf wfuni g`vh chho v`nmi fonydrfl Ihahlchr 39. 0=70l cut fony up tf Euny 33. 0=70. `aafrimob tf tghfrmbmo`n thrls/ Mo ftghrs wfris. tgh pfnmay wfuni g`vh ruo dfr fony hmbgtlfotgs `ntgfubg tgh prhlmul p`mi w`s dfr foh wgfnh yh`r/
Durtghr. @ v`nmi a`oahnn tmfo lust. tghrhdfrh. rhqumrh afoaurrhoah fd tgh
dfnnfwmob afoimtmfos5
'0- Yghrh lust ch prmfr oftmah fd a`oahnn`tmfo tf tgh mosurhi:
'3- Ygh oftmah lust ch c`shi fo tgh faaurrhoah. `dthr tgh hddhatmvh i`th fdtgh pfnmay. fd foh fr lfrh fd tgh brfuois lhotmfohi:
'1- Ygh oftmah lust ch '`- mo wrmtmob. 'c- l`mnhi. fr ihnmvhrhi tf tgh o`lhimosurhi. 'a- `t tgh `iirhss sgfwo mo tgh pfnmay:
'9- Mt lust st`th '`- wgmag fd tgh brfuois lhotmfohi mo Qhatmfo 49 ms rhnmhiupfo `oi 'c- tg`t upfo wrmttho rhquhst fd tgh mosurhi. tgh mosurhr wmnn duromsgtgh d`ats fo wgmag tgh a`oahnn`tmfo ms c`shi
LMAF"s an`mls mt a`oahnnhi tgh pfnmay mo quhstmfo fo Fatfchr 08. 0=70. dfr
ofo,p`ylhot fd prhlmul/ Yf suppfrt tgms `sshrtmfo. mt prhshothi foh fd mtshlpnfyhhs. wgf thstmdmhi tg`t #tgh frmbmo`n fd tgh hoifrshlhot `oi arhimtlhlf# prhsul`cny lh`omob tgh `nnhbhi a`oahnn`tmfo #whrh shot tgh
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Mssuh5 RFO dmrh mosur`oah pfnmay ch v`nmi. cmoimob `oi hodfrah`cnh upfo lhrhp`rtm`n p`ylhot fd prhlmul/
QAs Sunmob5 Ygh Afurt `oswhrhi mo tgh ohb`tmvh/
@aafrimob tf tgh Afurt. Mosur`oah ms ` afotr`at wghrhcy foh uoihrt`jhs
dfr ` afosmihr`tmfo tf moihlomdy `oftghr `b`most nfss. i`l`bh fr nm`cmnmty`rmsmob drfl `o uojofwo fr afotmobhot hvhot/ 9 Ygh afosmihr`tmfo ms tghprhlmul. wgmag lust ch p`mi `t tgh tmlh `oi mo tgh w`y `oi l`oohrsphamdmhi mo tgh pfnmay. `oi md oft sf p`mi. tgh pfnmay wmnn n`psh `oi chdfrdhmthi cy mts fwo thrls/
Fo tgh [fnmay mt anh`rny prfvmihs tg`t tgh p`ylhot fd tgh prhlmul sgfuni
ch mo dunn/ @aafrimobny. wghrh tgh prhlmul g`s fony chho p`rtm`nny p`mi`oi tgh c`n`oah p`mi fony `dthr tgh phrmn mosurhi `b`most g`s faaurrhi.tgh mosur`oah afotr`at imi oft t`jh hddhat `oi tgh mosurhi a`ooft afnnhat`t `nn fo tgh pfnmay/ Ygms ms dunny suppfrthi cy Qha/ 22 fd tgh Mosur`oahAfih wgmag prfvmihs.
Qha/ 22/ @o mosurhr ms hotmtnhi tf p`ylhot fd tgh prhlmul `s sffo `stgh tgmob mosurhi ms hxpfshi tf tgh phrmn mosurhi `b`most/Oftwmtgst`oimob `oy `brhhlhot tf tgh afotr`ry. of pfnmay frafotr`at fd mosur`oah mssuhi cy `o mosur`oah aflp`oy ms v`nmi`oi cmoimob uonhss `oi uotmn tgh prhlmul tghrhfd g`s chho p`mi.hxahpt mo tgh a`sh fd ` nmdh fr `o moiustrm`n nmdh pfnmay wghohvhr tgh br`ah
phrmfi prfvmsmfo `ppnmhs 'hlpg`sms suppnmhi-/
Ygh 0=42 a`sh fd[gmnmppmoh [gfhomx `oi Mosur`oah Af/. Moa/ v/ Rffiwfrjs.
Moa/ ms oft `ppnma`cnh mo tgms a`sh smoah. mt w`s tgh mosur`oah aflp`oy tg`tsuhi dfr tgh c`n`oah fd tgh prhlmul. m/h/. mt rhafbomzhi `oi `ilmtthi tgh
hxmsthoah fd `o mosur`oah afotr`at wmtg tgh mosurhi/ / Mo tgh a`sh chdfrh us.tghrh ms. qumth uonmjh mo [gfhomx. ` sphamdma stmpun`tmfo tg`t 't-gms pfnmay / / / msoft mo dfrah uotmn tgh prhlmul g`s chho dunny p`mi `oi iuny rhahmpthi cy tghAflp`oy / / / Shsunt`otny. mt ms afrrhat tf s`y tg`t mo [gfhomx ` afotr`at w`sphrdhathi upfo p`rtm`n p`ylhot fd tgh prhlmul smoah tgh p`rtmhs g`i oftftghrwmsh stmpun`thi tg`t prhp`ylhot fd tgh prhlmul mo dunn w`s ` afoimtmfoprhahihot tf tgh hxmsthoah fd ` afotr`at/
N`stny. . mt lust oft ch mbofrhi tg`t tgh afotr`at fd mosur`oah ms prml`rmny `
rmsj imstrmcutmob ihvmah. ` lhag`omsl cy wgmag `nn lhlchrs fd ` brfuphxpfshi tf p`rtmaun`r rmsj afotrmcuth prhlmuls tf o mosurhr/
Drfl tghsh afotrmcutfry duois `rh p mi wg`thvhr nfsshs faaur iuh tf
hxpfsurh tf tgh phrmn mosurhi `b`most/ H`ag p`rty tghrhdfrh t`jhs ` rmsj5 tghmosurhr. tg`t fd chmob aflphnnhi upfo tgh g`pphomob fd tgh afotmobhoay tf
p`y tgh hotmrh sul `brhhi upfo. `oi tgh mosurhi. tg`t fd p`rtmob wmtg tgh`lfuot rhqumrhi `s prhlmul. wmtgfut rhahmvmob `oytgmob tghrhdfr mo a`sh tghafotmobhoay ifhs oft g`ppho/ Yf hosurh p`ylhot dfr tghsh nfsshs. tgh n`wl`oi`ths `nn mosur`oah aflp`omhs tf l`mot`mo ` nhb`n rhshrvh duoi mo d`vfr fdtgfsh an`mlmob uoihr tghmr pfnmamhs/
[HA@s Imbhst Mosur`oah N`w [`bh 02
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Yfpma5 Xchrrml` Dmihs ' [hrdhat Bffi D`mtg-
DMHNIL@OQ MOQXS@OAH AF/. MOA/. vs/ A@. B/S Of/ N,39711. Qhpthlchr 31.
0=47
D`ats
Dhihrmaf Qfobaf 'gusc`oi fd prmv`th rhspfoihot. Lhrahihs Qfobaf-. ` l`o
fd sa`ot hiua`tmfo chmob fony ` dmrst br`ihr. fwohi ` prmv`th ehhpohy/ Gh w`s
moiuahi cy [htmtmfohrs `bhot. Choe`lmo Q`lc`t. tf `ppny dfr ` AFLLFO
A@SSMHSQ NM@CMNMY] MOQXS@OAH [FNMA] afvhrmob gms prmv`th lftfr vhgmanh/
Gh w`s afovmoahi. ghoah. gh p`mi tgh `oou`n prhlmul fd [04/8; `oi gh w`s
mssuhi cy tgh phtmtmfohr Afllfo A`rrmhrs @aamihot Mosur`oah [fnmay/
Qflhtmlh fo Fatfchr 0=40. tgh mosurhi lftfr vhgmanh afnnmihi wmtg ` a`r
sflhwghrh mo A`nulpmt. Cun`a`o/ @s rhsunt fd tgh lmsg`p. Dhihrmaf `oi gms
sfo Sfifndf imhi wgmnh tgh rhst fd gms d`lmny lhlchrs 'wgf whrh p`sshobhrs-
sust`mohi pgysma`n moeurmhs/
Ygh ghmrs fd Dhihrmaf ihl`oihi p`ylhot drfl phtmtmfohr c`shi fo tgh
afllfo a`rrmhrs `aamihot mosur oah pfnmay/ Ygh phtmtmfohr ihomhi `oy
p`ylhot/
Mssuh5 RFO tgh phtmtmfohr ms `nnfwhi tf hsa`ph nm`cmnmty uoihr ` afllfo a`rrmhr
mosur`oah pfnmay fo tgh prhthxt tg`t wg`t w`s mosurhi. oft foah cut twmah. w`s `
prmv`th vhgmanh `oi oft ` afllfo a`rrmhr/
QAs Sunmob5 Ygh Afurt `oswhrhi mo tgh ohb`tmvh/
Ygh c`sms dfr tgh d`vfr`cnh euiblhot ms tgh ifatrmoh `oofuoahi mo Pu` Aghh
B`o v/ N`w Xomfo `oi Sfaj Mosur`oah Af/. Nti/. wmtg Eustmah E/ C/ N/ Shyhs
sph`jmob dfr tgh Afurt/ Mt ms ofw chyfoi quhstmfo tg`t wghrh mohqumt`cnh
afoiuat ms sgfwo cy `o mosur`oah dmrl. mt ms #hstfpphi drfl hodframob
dfrdhmturhs mo mts d`vfr. mo frihr tf dfrhst`nn dr`ui fr mlpfsmtmfo fo tgh
mosurhi/#
@s hstfpphn ms prml`rmny c`shi fo tgh ifatrmoh fd bffi d mtg `oi tgh
`vfmi`oah fd g`rl tg t wmnn chd`nn tgh moofahot p`rty iuh tf mts moeurmfusrhnm`oah. tgh d`mnurh tf `ppny mt mo tgms a`sh wfuni rhsunt mo ` brfss tr`vhsty fd
eustmah/
@s luag. md oft luag lfrh sf tg`o tgh Pu` Aghh B`o ihamsmfo. tgms ms ` a`sh
wghrh tgh ifatrmoh fd hstfpphn uoihom cny a nns dfr `ppnma`tmfo/ @dthr
phtmtmfohr Dmhnilho"s Mosur`oah Af/. Moa/ g`i nhi tgh mosurhi Dhihrmaf Qfobaf
tf chnmhvh tg`t gh afuni qu`nmdy uoihr tgh afllfo a`rrmhr nm`cmnmty mosur`oah
pfnmay. `oi tf hothr motf afotr`at fd mosur`oah p`ymob tgh prhlmuls iuh. mt
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afuni oft. tghrh`dthr. mo `oy nmtmb`tmfo `rmsmob fut fd suag rhprhshot`tmfo. ch
phrlmtthi tf ag`obh mts st`oi tf tgh ihtrmlhot fd tgh ghmrs fd tgh mosurhi/
Lfrhfvhr. tgh afotr`at fd mosur`oah ms foh fdphrdhat bffi d`mtg 'uchrml`
dmihs- oft dfr tgh mosurhi `nfoh. cut hqu`nny sf dfr tgh mosurhr: mo d`at. mt ms
lfrh sf dfr tgh n`tthr. smoah mts iflmo`ot c`rb`momob pfsmtmfo a`rrmhs wmtg mtstrmathr rhspfosmcmnmty/#
Rh g`vh of agfmah cut tf rhafbomzh tgh lfoht`ry rhspfosmcmnmty fd phtmtmfohr
Dmhnilho"s Mosur`oah Af/. Moa/ Mt imi oft suaahhi mo mts phrsmsthot hddfrt tf`vfmi aflpnymob wmtg mts fcnmb`tmfo mo tgh nfwhr afurt `oi tgh Afurt fd@pph`ns/ Luag nhss sgfuni mt dmoi `oy rhahptmvmty drfl us dfr mts uow`rr`othi`oi uoeustmdmhi pnh` tf hsa`ph drfl mts nm`cmnmty/
Yfpma5 Afotr`at fd Moihlomty
RGMYH BFNI L@SMOH QHSTMAHQ MOA/. vs/ [MFOHHS MOQXS@OAH `oi QXSHY]AFS[FS@YMFO `oi YGH QYH@LQGM[ LXYX@N XOIHSRSMYMOB @QQFAM@YMFO'CHSLXI@-. B/S/ Of/ 089809. Euny 37. 3;;8
D`ats
[htmtmfohr Rgmth Bfni prfaurhi ` [SFYHAYMFO @OI MOIHLOMY] dfr mts vhsshn
rhspfoihot Qth`lsgmp Lutu`n tgrfubg af,rhspfoihot [mfohhr Mosur`oah `oiQurhty Afrpfr`tmfo/ @ AHSYMDMA@YH FD HOYS] @OI @AAH[Y@OAH w`s mssuhimo d`vfr tf tgh phtmtmfohr cy tgh rhspfoihot/ Gfwhvhr. wgho mt d`mnhi tf p`y mts
`aafuot. Qth`lsgmp Lutu`n rhdushi tgh rhohw`n fd tgh afvhr`bh/ Ghoah. mtdmnhi ` aflpn`mot chdfrh tgh Mosur`oah Afllmssmfo an`mlmob tg`t rhspfoihotQth`lsgmp Lutu`n vmfn`thi Qhatmfos 074 `oi 072 fd tgh Mosur`oah Afih dfrho`b`bmob mo tgh mosur`oah cusmohss wmtgfut ` ahrtmdma`th drfl tgh Mosur`oahAfllmssmfo. wgmnh rhspfoihot [mfohhr vmfn`thi Qhatmfos 3==. 1;; `oi 1;0 fdtgh s`lh afih/
Fo tgh ftghr g`oi. rhspfoihot Qth`lsgmp afothoihi tg t mt dmnhi ` a`sh
`b`most Rgmth Bfni dfr afnnhatmfo fd sul fd lfohy tf rhafvhr tgh n`tthr"suop`mi c`n oah/ Mt durtghr `vhrrhi tg t. `ntgfubg tghy `rh `o [$M ANXC'[SFYHAYMFO `oi MOIHLOMY] ANXC-. tghy `rh OFY HOB@BHI MO YGHMOQXS@OAH CXQMOHQQ MO YGH [GMNM[[MOHQ. r`tghr. mt ms lhrhny `o `ssfam`tmfofd vhsshn fwohrs wgf g`vh aflh tfbhtghr tf prfvmih lutu`n prfthatmfo
`b most nm`cmnmtmhs moamihot n tf sgmpfwomob/ Durtghr. [mfohhr w`s `nrh`iynmahoshi. ghoah. ` shp`r th nmahosh sfnhny `s `bhot&crfjhr fd Qth`lsgmpLutu`n w`s nrh`iy suphrdnufus/
Mosur`oah Afllmssmfohr IMQLMQQHI tgh aflpn`mot: mt runhi tg`t rhspfoihot
Qth`lsgmp ohhi oft fct mo ` nmahosh smoah mt w`s oft ho`b`bhi mo tghmosur`oah cusmohss/
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A@ `ddmrlhi tgh ihamsmfo fd tgh Mosur`oah Afllmssmfohr: mt runhi tg t
[mfohhr w`s lhrhny ` afnnhatmfo `bhot fd Qth`lsgmp. ghoah. of ohhi dfr `nmahosh/
Mssuh5 RFO Qth`lsgmp Lutu`n. `s ` [ $ M Anuc. ms hob`bhi mo tgh mosur`oahcusmohss/ RFO [mfohhr ohhi ` nmahosh `s `o mosur`oah `bhot&crfjhr dfr Qth`lsgmpLutu`n/
QAs Sunmob
0st Mssuh OF/ Qth`lsgmp Lutu`n ms oft hob`bhi mo tgh Mosur`oah cusmohss/
@aafrimob tf tgh Afurt. `o mosur`oah afotr`at ms ` afotr`at fd moihlomty/ Mo mt.
foh uoihrt`jhs dfr ` afosmihr tmfo tf moihlomdy `oftghr `b most nfss.i`l`bh fr nm`cmnmty rmsmob drfl `o uojofwo fr afotmobhot hvhot/
Ygh thst tf ihthrlmoh md ` afotr`at ms `o mosur`oah afotr`at fr oft. ihphoisfo tgh o`turh fd tgh prflmsh. tgh `at rhqumrhi tf ch phrdfrlhi. `oi tgh hx`ato`turh fd tgh `brhhlhot mo tgh nmbgt fd tgh faaurrhoah. afotmobhoay. framraulst`oahs uoihr wgmag tgh phrdfrl`oah chaflhs rhqumsmth/ Mt ms oft cywg`t mt ms a`nnhi/
Mo p`rtmaun`r. l`rmoh mosur`oah uoihrt`jhs tf moihlomdy tgh `ssurhi b`most
l`rmoh nfsshs. suag `s tgh nfsshs moamihot tf ` l`rmoh `ivhoturh/Qhatmfo==fd tgh Mosur`oah Afih houlhr`ths tgh afvhr`bh fd l`rmoh mosur`oah/
Durtghr. ` lutu`n mosur`oah aflp`oy ms ` affphr`tmvh hothrprmsh wghrh
tgh lhlchrs `rh cftg tgh mosurhr `oi mosurhi/ Mo mt. tgh lhlchrs `nnafotrmcuth. cy ` systhl fd prhlmuls fr `sshsslhots. tf tgh arh`tmfo fd `duoi drfl wgmag `nn nfsshs `oi nm`cmnmtmhs `rh p`mi. `oi wghrh tgh prfdmts `rhimvmihi `lfob tghlshnvhs. mo prfpfrtmfo tf tghmr mothrhst/ @iimtmfo nny.lutu n mosur`oah `ssfam tmfos. fr anucs. prfvmih tgrhh typhs fd afvhr`bh.o`lhny. prfthatmfo oi moihlomty. w`r rmsjs. `oi ihdhosh afsts/
Mo tgms a`sh. Qth`lsgmp Lutu`n `s ` [ $ M Anuc ms ` lutu`n mosur`oah`ssfam`tmfo hob`bhi mo tgh l`rmoh mosur`oah cusmohss/ @s suag. smoah tghy`rh ifmob cusmohss ghrh mo tgh [gmnmppmohs `s mt l mot mos ` rhsmihottghrhdrfl. tf afotmouh ifmob cusmohss ghrh. Qth`lsgmp Lutu`n fr tgrfubg mts`bhot [mfohhr. lust shaurh nmahosh drfl tgh Mosur`oah Afllmssmfo/
Qmoah ` afotr`at fd mosur`oah movfnvhs pucnma mothrhst. rhbun`tmfo cy tgh Qt`th
ms ohahss`ry/ Ygus. of mosurhr fr mosur`oah aflp`oy ms `nnfwhi tf hob`bh motgh mosur`oah cusmohss wmtgfut ` nmahosh fr ` ahrtmdma`th fd `utgfrmty drfl tghMosur`oah Afllmssmfo/
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3oi Mssuh ]HQ/ [mfohhr ohhis tf g`vh spham`n nmahosh chmob `o `bhot fr crfjhr fdQth`lsgmp Lutu`n/
@ntgfubg [mfohhr ms `nrh`iy nmahoshi `s `o mosur`oah aflp`oy. mt ohhis `
shp`r`th nmahosh tf `at `s mosur`oah `bhot dfr Qth`lsgmp Lutu`n/
C`sms5 Qhatmfo 3== fd tgh Mosur`oah Afih ,
Of phrsfo sg`nn `at `s `omosur`oah `bhot fr `s `o mosur`oah crfjhr mo tgh sfnmamt`tmfo fr prfaurhlhotfd `ppnma`tmfos dfr mosur`oah. fr rhahmvh dfr shrvmahs mo fct`momob mosur`oah.`oy afllmssmfo fr ftghr aflphos`tmfo drfl `oy mosur`oah aflp`oy ifmobcusmohss mo tgh [gmnmppmohs fr `oy `bhot tghrhfd. wmtgfut dmrst prfaurmob `nmahosh sf tf `at drfl tgh Afllmssmfohr. wgmag lust ch rhohwhi `oou`nny fotgh dmrst i`y fd E`ou`ry. fr wmtgmo smx lfotgs tghrh`dthr/ /
Yfpma5 [hrsfo`n Afotr`at
MOQXN@S NMDH @QQXS@OAH AFL[@O] vs/ A@S[FOM@ Y/ HCS@IF `oi[@QAX@N@ TI@/ IH HCS@IF. B/S/ Of/ N,99;8=. Fatfchr 37. 0=22
D`ats
Cuho`vhotur` Armstfr Hcr`if w`s mssuhi cy tgh phtmtmfohr ` nmdh mosur`oah wmtg
` rmihr dfr `aamihot`n ih`tg/ Fo tgh pfnmay. mt ihsmbo`thi A`rpfom` Y/ Hcr`if.
` afllfo,n`w wmdh fd tgh mosurhi. `s tgh rhvfa`cnh chohdmam`ry/
[`sau`n` Ti`/ Ih Hcr`if. fo tgh ftghr g`oi. w`s tgh nhb n wmdh fd tgh
Cuho`vhotur`/
Qflhtmlh fo Fatfchr 30. 0=4=. Cuho`vhotur` imhi mo `o `aamihot/ Qf.
A`rpfom` dmnhi ` an`ml wmtg tgh phtmtmfohr dfr tgh prfahhis fd tgh [fnmay/ Ygms
w`s afothsthi cy tgh nhb`n wmdh/ [`sau`n` an`mlhi tg`t sgh ms tgh wmifw fd
tgh ihah`shi. ghoah. sgh ms tgh foh hotmtnhi tf tgh prfahhis/
[htmtmfohr afllhoahi `o `atmfo dfr `o Mothrpnh`ihr/ Fo tgh prh,trm n
afodhrhoah. p rtmhs `ilmtthi tg t [`sau n` w`s tgh nhb n wmdh fd
Cuho`vhotur` tf wgfl tghy g`vh smx nhbmtml`th agmnirho. tg`t iurmob tgh
nmdhtmlh fd tgh ihah`shi gh w`s nmvmob wmtg gms afllfo,n`w wmdh `oi tghmr
twf agmnirho. `ntgfubg gh w`s oft nhb`nny shp r`thi drfl gms nhb`n wmdh/ Mt
w`s `nsf `ilmtthi tg`t fo tgh pfnmay mt w`s tgh afllfo,n`w wmdh tg`t w`sihsmbo`thi `s tgh chohdmam`ry. tgfubg tghrh w`s ` rhshrv`tmfo. tgh s`lh w`s
oft rhvfjhi iurmob tgh nmdhtmlh fd tgh ihah`shi up tf gms ih`tg/
SYA runhi tg`t A`rpfom` ms imsqu`nmdmhi tf an`ml tgh prfahhis chmob afotr`ry
tf n`w/
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Mssuh5 RFO ` afllfo,n`w wmdh o`lhi `s chohdmam ry mo tgh nmdh mosur`oah pfnmay fd
` nhb`nny l`rrmhi l`o an`ml tgh prfahhis tghrhfd mo a`sh tgh ih`tg fd tgh n`tthr/
QAs Sunmob5 OF/ Ygh Afurt `ddmrlhi tgh ihamsmfo fd tgh nfwhr afurt/
Ygh Afurt runhi tg`t mt ms qumth uodfrtuo`th tg`t fur Mosur`oah N`ws ifhs oft
afot mo `oy sphamdma prfvmsmfo brfssny rhsfnutfry fd tgh prmlh quhstmfo `t
g`oi/ Qhatmfo 8; fd tgh Mosur`oah @at wgmag prfvmihs tg`t #'t-gh mosur`oah
sg nn ch `ppnmhi hxanusmvhny tf tgh prfphr mothrhst fd tgh phrsfo mo
wgfsh o`lh mt ms l`ih# a`ooft ch v`nminy shmzhi upfo tf gfni tg`t tgh
ll moanuihs tgh chohdmam`ry/ Ygh wfri # mothrhst# gmbgny subbhsts tg`t tgh
prfvmsmfo rhdhrs fony tf tgh #mosurhi# `oi oft tf tgh chohdmam ry. smoah `
afotr`at fd mosur`oah ms phrsfo`n mo ag`r`athr/
Durtghr. tgh bhohr`n runhs fd amvmn n`w sgfuni ch `ppnmhi tf rhsfnvh tgms vfmi mo
tgh Mosur`oah N`w/ @rtmanh 3;00 fd tgh Ohw Amvmn Afih st`ths5 #Ygh afotr`at
fd mosur`oah ms bfvhrohi cy spham`n n`ws/ L`tthrs oft hxprhssnyprfvmihi dfr mo suag spham`n n`ws sg`nn ch rhbun`thi cy tgms Afih/#
Rgho oft ftghrwmsh sphamdma`nny prfvmihi dfr cy tgh Mosur`oah N`w. tgh
afotr`at fd nmdh mosur`oah ms bfvhrohi cy tgh bhohr`n runhs fd tgh amvmn n`w
rhbun`tmob afotr`ats/ @oi uoihr @rtmanh 3;03 fd tgh s`lh Afih. #`oy phrsfo
wgf ms dfrcmiiho drfl rhahmvmob `oy ifo`tmfo uoihr @rtmanh 21= a`ooft ch
o`lhi chohdmam`ry fd ` dmdh mosur`oah pfnmay cy tgh phrsfo wgf a`ooft l`jh
` ifo`tmfo tf gml/ Afllfo,n`w spfushs `rh. ihdmomthny. c`rrhi drfl
rhahmvmob ifo`tmfos drfl h`ag ftghr/
Mo hsshoah. ` nmdh mosur`oah pfnmay ms of imddhrhot drfl ` amvmn ifo`tmfo mosfd`r`s tgh chohdmam`ry ms afoahrohi/ Cftg `rh dfuoihi upfo tgh s`lh
afosmihr tmfo5 nmchr nmty/ @ chohdmam`ry ms nmjh ` ifohh. cha`ush drfl tgh
prhlmuls fd tgh pfnmay wgmag tgh mosurhi p`ys fut fd nmchr nmty. tgh
chohdmam ry wmnn rhahmvh tgh prfahhis fr prfdmts fd s mi mosur`oah/ @s `
afoshquhoah. tgh prfsarmptmfo mo @rtmanh 21= fd tgh ohw Amvmn Afih sgfuni
hqu`nny fphr`th mo nmdh mosur`oah afotr`ats/
[fnmay afosmihr`tmfos `oi imat`ths fd lfr`nmty rmbgtny eustmdy tgh mostmtutmfo fd `
c`rrmhr chtwhho afllfo n`w spfushs mo rhafri tf [rfphrty rhn`tmfos smoah
suag gmp untml thny hoarf`aghs upfo tgh ouptm n `oi dmnm`n rmbgts fd tgh
nhbmtml`th d`lmny Yghrh ms hvhry rh`sfo tf gfni tg`t tgh c`r mo ifo`tmfos
chtwhho nhbmtml`th spfushs `oi tgfsh chtwhho mnnhbmtml`th fohs sgfuni ch
hodfrahi mo nmdh mosur`oah pfnmamhs smoah tgh s`lh `rh c`shi fo smlmn r
afosmihr`tmfo
@ chohdmam`ry mo ` nmdh mosur`oah pfnmay ms of imddhrhot drfl ` ifohh/ Cftg `rh
rhampmhots fd purh chohdmahoah/ Qf nfob `s l`o`bh rhl`mos tgh tgrhsgfni fd
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d`lmny n`ws. rh`sfo `oi lfr`nmty imat`th tg`t tgh mlphimlhots mlpfshi upfo
l`rrmhi afupnh sgfuni nmjhwmsh ch mlpfshi upfo hxtr`,l`rmt`n rhn`tmfosgmp/ Md
nhbmtml`th rhn`tmfosgmp ms amraulsarmchi cy tghsh nhb`n ims`cmnmtmhs. wmtg lfrh
rh`sfo sgfuni o mnnmamt rhn`tmfosgmp ch rhstrmathi cy tghsh ims`cmnmtmhs/
Yfpma5 Mosur`cnh Mothrhst Ihdmohi
B`ms`of A`b`y`o Moa/. vs/ Mosur`oah Aflp`oy fd Ofrtg @lhrma`. B/S/ Of/
09271=. Euoh 7. 3;;4
D`ats
Mothra`pmtfn L rjhtmob Afrp/ ms tgh l`jhr fd Rr`obnhr Cnuh Eh`os wgmnh Nhvm
Qtr`uss [gmns/ Moa/. 'NQ[M-ms tgh nfa`n imstrmcutfr fd prfiuats ch`rmob YL fwohi
cy Nhvm Qtr`uss/ MLA `oi NQ[M shp`r`thny fct`mohi drfl rhspfoihot ` Dmrh
Mosur`oah [fnmamhs wmtg cffj ihct hoifrshlhots/ Ygh mosur`oah pfnmamhs
prfvmih dfr afvhr`bh fo #cffj ihcts mo afoohatmfo wmtg rh`iy,l`ih
anftgmob l`thrm`ns wgmag g`vh chho sfni fr ihnmvhrhi tf v`rmfus
austflhrs `oi ih`nhrs fd tgh Mosurhi `oywghrh mo tgh [gmnmppmohs /
'Cffj Ihct , uop`mi `aafuot stmnn `pph`rmob mo tgh Cffj fd @aafuot fd tgh
Mosurhi 98 i`ys `dthr tgh tmlh fd tgh nfss afvhrhi uoihr tgms [fnmay-/
[htmtmfohr ms ` austflhr `oi ih`nhr fd tgh prfiuats fd MLA `oi NQ[M/
Qflhtmlh mo Dhcru`ry 0==0. tgh B`ms`of Quphrstfrh Aflpnhx w`s afosulhi
cy dmrh/ Moanuihi mo tgh mthls nfst fr ihstrfyhi mo tgh dmrh whrh stfajs fd
rh`iy,l`ih anftgmob l`thrm`ns sfni `oi ihnmvhrhi cy MLA `oi NQ[M/
Shspfoihot tgho dmnhi ` aflpn`mot dfr i`l`bhs `b`most phtmtmfohr/ Mt `nnhbhs
tg`t MLA `oi NQ[M dmnhi wmtg rhspfoihot tghmr an`mls uoihr tghmr rhsphatmvh
dmrh mosur`oah pfnmamhs wmtg cffj ihct hoifrshlhot/ Shspfoihot p`mi tgh
an`mls fd MLA `oi NQ[M `oi cy vmrtuh tghrhfd tgh dfrlhr w`s sucrfb`thi tf
tghmr rmbgts `b`most phtmtmfohr/ Qhvhr`n ihl`ois whrh l`ih cut tghsh whot
uoghhihi/
[htmtmfohr. fo tgh ftghr g`oi. afuothrhi tg`t tghy a`ooft ch ghni nm`cnh smoah
tgh dmrh tgh crfjh fut w`s iuh tf ` dfrtumtfus hvhot fr dfrah l`ehurh `oi tg`t
rhspfoihot"s rmbgt fd sucrfb`tmfo g`s of c`sms mo`sluag `s tghrh w`s of
crh`ag fd afotr`at afllmtthi cy mt smoah tgh nfss w`s iuh tf dmrh wgmag mt
afuni oft prhvhot fr dfrhshh/
SYA, mt imslmsshi tgh rhspfoihots aflpn mot `oi ghni tg t tgh dmrh w`s
purhny aamihot`n/
A@ sht `smih tgh ihamsmfo fd tgh SYA `oi ghni tg`t phtmtmfohr sgfuni p`y tf
tgh rhspfoihot
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MQQXH5 RFO tgh mosur`oah mo tgh most`ot a`sh w`s foh fvhr arhimt/
QAs Sunmob5 Ygh Afurt ims`brhhs wmtg phtmtmfohr"s st`oi/
Mo tgms a`sh. tgh quhstmfohi mosur`oah pfnmamhs prfvmih afvhr`bh dfr #cffjihcts mo afoohatmfo wmtg rh`iy,l`ih anftgmob l`thrm`ns wgmag g`vh chho sfni
fr ihnmvhrhi tf v`rmfus austflhrs `oi ih`nhrs fd tgh Mosurhi `oywghrh mo tgh
[gmnmppmohs/: `oi ihdmohi cffj ihcts `s tgh #uop`mi `aafuot stmnn
`pph`rmob mo tgh Cffj fd @aafuot fd tgh Mosurhi 98 i`ys `dthr tgh
tmlh fd tgh nfss afvhrhi uoihr tgms [fnmay/#Ofwghrh ms mt prfvmihi mo tgh
quhstmfohi mosur`oah pfnmamhs tg`t tgh sucehat fd tgh mosur`oah ms tgh bffis
sfni `oi ihnmvhrhi tf tgh austflhrs `oi ih`nhrs fd tgh mosurhi/
Moihhi. wgho tgh thrls fd tgh `brhhlhot `rh anh`r `oi hxpnmamt tg`t tghy if
oft eustmdy `o `tthlpt tf rh`i motf mt `oy `nnhbhi mothotmfo fd tgh p`rtmhs. tgh
thrls `rh tf ch uoihrstffi nmthr`nny eust `s tghy `pph`r fo tgh d`ah fd tghafotr`at/ Ygus. wg`t whrh mosurhi `b`most whrh tgh `aafuots fd MLA `oi NQ[Mwmtg phtmtmfohr wgmag rhl`mohi uop`mi 98 i`ys `dthr tgh nfss tgrfubg dmrh.`oi oft tgh nfss fr ihstruatmfo fd tgh bffis ihnmvhrhi/
Ygh prhshot a`sh anh`rny d`nns uoihr p`r`br`pg '0-. @rtmanh 08;9 fd tgh Amvmn Afih5
@SY/ 08;9/ Xonhss ftghrwmsh `brhhi. tgh bffis rhl mo `t tgh shnnhr"s rmsj uotmn tghfwohrsgmp tghrhmo ms tr`osdhrrhi tf tgh cuyhr. cut wgho tgh fwohrsgmp tghrhmo mstr`osdhrrhi tf tgh cuyhr tgh bffis `rh `t tgh cuyhr"s rmsj wghtghr `atu`n ihnmvhry g`schho l`ih fr oft. hxahpt tg`t5
Ygus. wgho tgh shnnhr rht`mos fwohrsgmp fony tf mosurh tg`t tgh cuyhr wmnn p`y
mts ihct. tgh rmsj fd nfss ms cfroh cy tgh cuyhr/ @aafrimobny. phtmtmfohr ch`rs
tgh rmsj fd nfss fd tgh bffis ihnmvhrhi/
MLA `oi NQ[M imi oft nfsh aflpnhth mothrhst fvhr tgh bffis/ Yghy g`vh `o
mosur`cnh mothrhst uotmn dunn p`ylhot fd tgh v`nuh fd tgh ihnmvhrhi
bffis/ Xonmjh tgh amvmn n`w afoahpt fd rhs phrmt iflmof. wghrh
fwohrsgmp ms tgh c`sms dfr afosmihr`tmfo fd wgf ch`rs tgh rmsj fd
nfss. mo prfphrty mosur`oah. foh"s mothrhst ms oft ihthrlmohi cy
afoahpt fd tmtnh. cut wghtghr mosurhi g`s sucst`otm`n hafoflma
mothrhst mo tgh prfphrty/
Yghrhdfrh. `o mosur`cnh mothrhst mo prfphrty ifhs oft ohahss`rmny mlpny `
prfphrty mothrhst mo. fr ` nmho upfo. fr pfsshssmfo fd. tgh sucehat l`tthr fd tgh
mosur`oah. `oi ohmtghr tgh tmtnh ofr ` chohdmam`n mothrhst ms rhqumsmth tf tgh
hxmsthoah fd suag `o mothrhst. mt ms suddmamhot tg`t tgh mosurhi ms sf smtu`thi
wmtg rhdhrhoah tf tgh prfphrty tg`t gh wfuni ch nm`cnh tf nfss sgfuni mt ch
moeurhi fr ihstrfyhi cy tgh phrmn `b`most wgmag mt ms mosurhi/
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@oyfoh g`s `o mosur`cnh mothrhst mo prfphrty wgf ihrmvhs ` chohdmt drfl mts
hxmsthoah fr wfuni suddhr nfss drfl mts ihstruatmfo/1;Moihhi. ` vhoifr fr shnnhrrht mos `o mosur`cnh mothrhst mo tgh prfphrty sfni sf nfob `s gh g`s `oymothrhst tghrhmo. mo ftghr wfris. sf nfob `s gh wfuni suddhr cy mts ihstruatmfo.`s wghrh gh g`s ` vhoifr"s nmho/10Mo tgms a`sh. tgh mosur`cnh mothrhst fd MLA`oi NQ[M phrt`mo tf tgh uop`mi `aafuots `pph`rmob mo tghmr Cffjs fd @aafuot
98 i`ys `dthr tgh tmlh fd tgh nfss afvhrhi cy tgh pfnmamhs/
Yfpma5 Mosur`cnh Mothrhst mo Nmdh&Gh`ntg
Bhramf vs/ Quo Nmdh @ssur`oah fd A`o`i`. B/S/ Of/ 312;1. Qhpthlchr 37.
0=38
D`ats
[htmtmfohr Gmn`rmf Bhramf w`s l`rrmhi tf @oirh` Um`namt`/ Gh fct`mohi ` nmdh
mosur`oah drfl tgh rhspfoihot ihsmbo`tmob ghr wmdh `s tgh chohdmam`ry/
Yfw`ris tgh hoi fd tgh yh`r 0=0=. Um`namt` w`s afovmathi fd tgh armlh fd
`iunthry/ Qucshquhotny ` iharhh fd imvfrah w`s mssuhi wgmag aflpnhthny
imssfnvmob tgh cfois fd l`trmlfoy afotr`athi cy Gmn`rmf `oi Um`namt`/ Gmn`rmfoftmdmhi rhspfoihot tg`t gh g`i rhvfjhi gms ifo`tmfo mo d`vfr fd gms dfrlhr
wmdh. gh ihsmbo`thi mosth`i ghr prhshot wmdh. @ihn` B`ramf ih Bhramf. `s tgh
ohw chohdmam`ry/
Shspfoihot rhdushi tf ag`obh tgh chohdmam ry ihsmbo`thi mo tgh nmdh
mosur`oah pfnmay fd tgh phtmtmfohr/ Ghoah. phtmtmfohr dmnhi ` aflpn mot dfr
l`oi`lus tf aflphn tgh rhspfoihot tf ag`obh tgh chohdmam`ry mo gms nmdh
mosur`oah pfnmay/
MQQXH5 RFO tgh mosurhi a`o rhvfjh `oi ag`obh tgh chohdmam`ry mo ` nmdh mosur`oah
pfnmay afosmihrmob tg`t gms ihsmbo`thi chohdmam`ry wgf ms gms dfrlhr wmdh afllmtthi
`iunthry `oi tghmr l`trmlfom`n cfoi w`s `nrh`iy imssfnvhi cy vmrtuh fd ` imvfrah/
QAs SXNMOB5 Ghni mo tgh ohb`tmvh/
[HA@s Imbhst Mosur`oah N`w [`bh 38
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Ygh wmdh g`s `o mosur`cnh mothrhst mo tgh nmdh fd ghr gusc`oi/ Ygh chohdmam`ry
g`s `o `csfnuth vhsthi mothrhst mo tgh pfnmay drfl tgh i`th fd mts mssu`oah `oi
ihnmvhry/ Qf wgho ` pfnmay fd nmdh mosur`oah ms t`jho fut cy tgh gusc`oi mo
wgmag tgh wmdh ms o`lhi `s chohdmam`ry. sgh g`s ` sucsmstmob mothrhst mo tgh
pfnmay
Cut md tgh pfnmay afot`mos of prfvmsmfo `utgfrmzmob ` ag`obh fd chohdmam`ry
wmtgfut tgh chohdmam ry"s afoshot. tgh mosurhi a`ooft l`jh suag ag`obh/@aafrimobny. mt ms ghni tg`t ` nmdh mosur`oah pfnmay fd ` gusc`oi l`ih p`y`cnhtf tgh wmdh `s chohdmam`ry. ms tgh shp`r`th prfphrty fd tgh chohdmam`ry `oichyfoi tgh afotrfn fd tgh gusc`oi/
@s tf tgh hddhat prfiuahi cy tgh imvfrah. tgh [gmnmppmoh Imvfrah N`w. @at Of/
320;. lhrhny prfvmihs mo shatmfo = tg`t tgh iharhh fd imvfrah sg`nn imssfnvhtgh aflluomty prfphrty `s sffo `s suag iharhh chaflhs dmo`n/ Xonmjh tghst`tuths fd ` dhw eurmsimatmfos. tghrh ms of prfvmsmfo mo tgh [gmnmppmoh N`wphrlmttmob tgh chohdmam`ry mo ` pfnmay dfr tgh chohdmt fd tgh wmdh fd tghgusc`oi tf ch ag`obhi `dthr ` imvfrah/ Mt lust dfnnfw. tghrhdfrh. mo tgh`cshoah fd ` st`tuth tf tgh afotr`ry. tg`t md ` pfnmay ms t`jho fut upfo `gusc`oi"s nmdh tgh wmdh ms o`lhi `s chohdmam`ry tghrhmo. ` sucshquhot imvfrahifhs oft ihstrfy ghr rmbgts uoihr tgh pfnmay/
x x x Rh tgmoj mt a`ooft ch ifucthi tg`t mo tgh most`oah fd afotr`ats fdmosur`oah wmtg ` wmdh fr agmnirho. fr cftg. upfo tghmr mosur`cnh mothrhst mo tghnmdh fd tgh gusc`oi fr d`tghr. tgh n`tthr. wgmnh tghy `rh nmvmob. a`o hxhramsh of
pfwhr fd imspfsmtmfo fvhr tgh s`lh wmtgfut tghmr afoshot. ofr g`s gh `oymothrhst tghrhmo fd wgmag gh a`o `v`mn gmlshnd: ofr upfo gms ih`tg g`vh gms
phrsfo`n rhprhshot tmvhs fr gms arhimtfrs `oy mothrhst mo tgh prfahhis fd suagafotr`ats. wgmag chnfob tf tgh chohdmam`rmhs tf wgfl tghy `rh p`y`cnh/ x x x
Yfpma5 Mosur`cnh Mothrhst mo [rfphrty
Dmnmpmof Lhrag`ots Mosur`oah Af/. Moa/. vs/ A@ `oi Agf` Ymhj Qhob. B/S/ Of/78090. Ofvhlchr 37. 0=7=
D`ats
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Agf` Ymhj Qhob w`s tgh afosmbohh fd tgh sgmplhot fd dmsglh`n nf`ihi fo
cf`ri tgh vhsshn QQ Cfub`movmnnh/ Ygh sgmplhot w`s mosurhi wmtg tghphtmtmfohr uoihr A`rbf [fnmay Of/ L,3427 dfr tgh sul fd [342.481/8= dfr tghbffis ihsarmchi `s 4;;lhtrma tfos fd dmsglh`o mo ohw buooy c`bs fd =;jmnfsh`ag drfl C`objfj. Yg`mn`oi tf L`omn` @B@MOQY @NN SMQJQ/
Ygh bffis `rrmvhi `t tgh L`omn` pfrt `oi wgmag whrh uonf`ihi cy `rr`strhafotr`atfr H/ S`zfo Moa/ Ygh survhyfr `sahrt`mohi `oi ahrtmdmhi tg`t 0;8 c`bswhrh mo c`i frihr afoimtmfo `s efmotny survhyhi cy tgh sgmps `bhot `oi tgh`rr`strh afotr`atfr/
@ dfrl`n an`ml w`s l`ih cy Agf` `b`most tgh phtmtmfohr `s whnn `s tgh vhsshn/
[htmtmfohr rhdushi tf p`t tgh an`ml/
Afoshquhotny. phtmtmfohr crfubgt ` tgmri,p`rty aflpn`mot `b`most tgh vhsshn
`oi tgh `rr`strh afotr`atfr/
Yrm`n Afurt rhoihrhi euiblhot `b`most tgh phtmtmfohr: mt frihrhi tf p`y
Agf`: wgmnh tgmri,p`rty ihdhoi`ots whrh frihrhi tf p`y phtmtmfohr efmotny `oi
shvhr`nny/
A@ `ddmrlhi tgh trm`n afurts ihamsmfo
Mssuh5 RFO tgh A@ hrrhi mo oft gfnimob tg`t Agf` g`i of mosur`cnh mothrhst mo tghsucehat a`rbf. ghoah tgh l`rmoh mosur`oah pfnmay t`jho fut w`s ounn `oi vfmi/
QAs Sunmob5 Agf` g`i mosur`cnh mothrhst/
Ygh vhry purpfsh fd `o #`nn rmsjs# mosur`oah tf bmvh prfthatmfo tf tghmosurhi mo tgfsh a`shs wghrh imddmauntmhs fd nfbma n hxpn`o`tmfo fr sflh
lysthry surrfuoi tgh nfss fr i`l`bh tf prfphrty/ @o #`nn `sjs# pfnmay g`schho hvfnvhi tf br`ot brh`thr prfthatmfo tg`o tg`t `ddfrihi cy tgh #phrmnsan`ush.# mo frihr tf `ssurh tg`t of nfss a`o g`ppho tgrfubg tgh moamihoah fd `a`ush ohmtghr mosurhi `b`most ofr arh`tmob nm`cmnmty mo tgh sgmp: mt ms wrmttho`b`most nn nfsshs. tg`t ms. `ttrmcut`cnh tf hxthro`n a`ushs/
Bhohr`nny. tgh curiho fd prffd ms upfo tgh mosurhi tf sgfw tg`t ` nfss `rfshdrfl ` afvhrhi phrmn. cut uoihr `o #`nn rmsjs# pfnmay tgh curiho ms oft fo tghmosurhi tf prfvh tgh prhamsh a`ush fd nfss fr i`l`bh dfr wgmag mt shhjsaflphos`tmfo/
Afvhr`bh uoihr `o #`nn rmsjs# prfvmsmfo fd ` l`rmoh mosur`oah pfnmay arh`ths `
spham n typh fd mosur`oah wgmag hxthois afvhr`bh tf rmsjs oft usu nny
afothlpn`thi `oi `vfmis puttmob upfo tgh mosurhi tgh curiho fd hst`cnmsgmobtg`t tgh nfss w`s iuh tf tgh phrmn d`nnmob wmtgmo tgh pfnmay"s afvhr`bh: tghmosurhr a`o `vfmi afvhr bh upfo ihlfostr`tmob tg`t ` sphamdma prfvmsmfohxprhssny hxanuihs tgh nfss drfl afvhr`bh/
Mo tgh prhshot a`sh. tghrh chmob of sgfwmob tg`t tgh nfss w`s a`ushi cy `oy
fd tgh hxahpthi phrmns. tgh mosurhr ms nm`cnh uoihr tgh pfnmay/
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Afotr`ats fd mosur`oah `rh afotr`ats fd moihlomty upfo tgh thrls `oi
afoimtmfos sphamdmhi mo tgh pfnmay/ Ygh `brhhlhot g`s tgh dfrah fd n`wchtwhho tgh p`rtmhs/ Ygh thrls fd tgh pfnmay afostmtuth tgh lh`surh fd tghmosurhr"s nm`cmnmty/ Md suag thrls `rh anh`r `oi uo`lcmbufus. tghy lust cht`jho oi uoihrstffi mo tghmr pn`mo. frimo`ry oi pfpun`r shosh/
@ohot tgh mssuh fd mosur`cnh mothrhst. wh upgfni tgh runmob fd tghrhspfoihot afurt tg`t prmv`th rhspfoihot. `s afosmbohh fd tgh bffismo tr`osmt uoihr `o movfmah afot`momob tgh thrls uoihr #A $ DL`omn`.# g`s mosur`cnh mothrhst mo s`mi bffis/
Mo prmoampnh. `oyfoh g`s `o mosur`cnh mothrhst mo prfphrty wgf ihrmvhs `
chohdmt drfl mts hxmsthoah fr wfuni suddhr nfss drfl mts ihstruatmfo wghtghr ghg`s fr g`s oft `oy tmtnh mo. fr nmho upfo fr pfsshssmfo fd tgh prfphrtyy/ Mosur`cnh mothrhst mo prfphrty l`y afosmst mo '`- `o hxmstmob mothrhst: 'c-`o moagf`th mothrhst dfuoihi fo `o hxmstmob mothrhst: fr 'a- `ohxphat`oay. afupnhi wmtg `o hxmstmob mothrhst mo tg`t fut fd wgmagtgh hxphat`oay `rmshs/
Ghrhmo prmv`th rhspfoihot. `s vhoihh&afosmbohh fd tgh bffis mo tr`osmt g`s
suag hxmstmob mothrhst tghrhmo `s l`y ch tgh sucehat fd ` v`nmi afotr`at fdmosur`oah/ Gms mothrhst fvhr tgh bffis ms c`shi fo tgh phrdhathi afotr`at fds`nh/ Ygh phrdhathi afotr`at fd s`nh chtwhho gml `oi tgh sgmpphr fd tghbffis fphr`ths tf vhst mo gml `o hqumt`cnh tmtnh hvho chdfrh ihnmvhry frchdfrh ch phrdfrlhi tgh afoimtmfos fd tgh s`nh
Yfpma5 Afoah`nlhot A`sh
Quonmdh @ssur`oah Aflp`oy fd A`o`oi` vs/ Gfo/ Afurt fd @pph`ns `oi Qps/
Sfn`oif C`a`om. B/S/ Of/ 0;8018. Euoh 33. 0==8
D`ats
Sfchrt Efgo C`a`om prfaurhi ` nmdh mosur oah dfr gmlshnd drfl phtmtmfohr
v`nuhi `t [0;;.;;; wmtg ifucnh moihlomty mo a`sh fd `aamihot`n ih`tg/ Gh
ihsmbo`thi gms lftghr. Chro`ri` C`a`om. s ghr chohdmam`ry/
Sfchrt Efgo imhi fo Euoh 34. 0=72 mo ` pn`oh ar`sg/ Yghr`dthr. Chro`ri` dmnhi
` an`ml tf tgh phtmtmfohr shhjmob tgh chohdmts fd tgh mosur`oah pfnmay fd ghr
sfo/ [htmtmfohr ihomhi oy an`ml/
[htmtmfohr an`mlhi tg`t `dthr tgh movhstmb`tmfo. Sfchrt Efgo imi oft imsanfsh
L@YHSM@N D@AYQ rhnhv`ot tf tgh mssu`oah fd tgh pfnmay: ghoah. tgh pfnmay ms
vfmi`cnh/ [htmtmfohr imsafvhri tg`t twf whhjs prmfr tf dfrlhrs `ppnma`tmfo dfr
mosur`oah. tgh mosurhi w`s hx`lmohi `oi afodmohi `t tgh Nuob Ahothr fd tgh
[gmnmppmohs. wghrh gh w`s im bofshi dfr rho`n d`mnurh/ Iurmob gms
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afodmohlhot. tgh ihah`shi w`s sucehathi tf urmo`nysms. untr`,sfofbr`pgy `oi
ghl`tfnfby thsts/ Ygms w`s oft imsanfshi mo gms pfnmay/ Qps/ C`a`om `nnhbhi
tg`t tgh s`lh w`s ifoh mo bffi d`mtg/
SYA, mo d`vfur fd Qps/ C`a`om: mt afoanuihi tg`t tgh d`ats afoah`nhi cy tgh
mosurhi whrh l`ih mo bffi d`mtg `oi uoihr ` chnmhd tg`t tghy ohhi oft chimsanfshi/ Lfrhfvhr. mt ghni tg`t tgh gh`ntg gmstfry fd tgh mosurhi w`s
mll`thrm`n smoah tgh mosur`oah pfnmay w`s #ofo,lhima`n/
A@, `ddmrlhi tgh ihamsmfo fd tgh SYA
MQQXH5 RFO tghrh w`s afoah`nlhot fo tgh p`rt fd tgh mosurhi rhb`rimob gms st`th
fd gh`ntg/
QAs SXNMOB5 ]HQ/
Ygh runh tg`t d`atu`n dmoimobs fd tgh nfwhr afurt `oi tgh `pphnn`th afurt `rh
cmoimob fo tgms Afurt ms oft `csfnuth `oi `ilmts fd hxahptmfos. suag `s wgho
tgh euiblhot ms c`shi fo ` lms`pprham`tmfo fd tgh d`ats/
Qhatmfo 34 fd Ygh Mosur`oah Afih ms hxpnmamt mo rhqumrmob ` p`rty tf ` afotr`at
fd mosur`oah tf aflluoma`th tf tgh ftghr. mo bffi d`mtg. `nn d`ats wmtgmo gms
jofwnhibh wgmag `rh l`thrm`n tf tgh afotr`at `oi `s tf wgmag gh l`jhs of
w`rr`oty. `oi wgmag tgh ftghr g`s of lh`os fd `sahrt`momob/ @ ohbnhat tf
aflluoma`th tg`t wgmag ` p`rty jofws `oi fubgt tf aflluoma`th.
ms a`nnhi afoah`nlhot/
Ygh thrls fd tgh afotr`at `rh anh`r/ Ygh mosurhi ms sphamdma`nny rhqumrhi tf
imsanfsh tf tgh mosurhr l`tthrs rhn`tmob tf gms gh`ntg/
Ygh modfrl`tmfo wgmag tgh mosurhi d`mnhi tf imsanfsh whrh l`thrm`n `oi
rhnhv`ot tf tgh `pprfv`n `oi mssu`oah fd tgh mosur`oah pfnmay/ Ygh l`tthrs
afoah nhi wfuni g`vh ihdmomthny `ddhathi phtmtmfohr"s `atmfo fo gms
`ppnma`tmfo. hmtghr cy `pprfvmob mt wmtg tgh afrrhspfoimob `ieustlhot dfr `
gmbghr prhlmul fr rhehatmob tgh s`lh/ Lfrhfvhr. ` imsanfsurh l`y g`vh
w`rr`othi ` lhima`n hx`lmo`tmfo fd tgh mosurhi cy phtmtmfohr mo frihr dfr mt tf
rh`sfo`cny sshss tgh rmsj movfnvhi mo `aahptmob tgh ppnma`tmfo/
Ygus. #bf`i d`mtg# ms of ihdhosh mo afoah`nlhot/ Ygh mosurhi"s d`mnurh tfimsanfsh tgh d`at tg`t gh w`s gfspmt`nmzhi dfr twf whhjs prmfr tf dmnmob gms
`ppnma`tmfo dfr mosur`oah. r`mshs br`vh ifucts `cfut gms cfo`dmihs/ Mt `pph`rs
tg`t suag afoah`nlhot w`s ihnmchr`th fo gms p`rt/
@ohot tgh dmoimob tg`t tgh d`ats afoah`nhi g`i of ch`rmob tf tgh a`ush fd
ih`tg fd tgh mosurhi. mt ms whnn shttnhi tg`t tgh mosurhi ohhi oft imh fd tgh
imsh`sh gh g`i d`mnhi tf imsanfsh tf tgh mosurhr/ Mt ms suddmamhot tg`t gms ofo,
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imsanfsurh lmsnhi tgh mosurhr mo dfrlmob gms hstml`ths fd tgh rmsjs fd tgh
prfpfshi mosur`oah pfnmay fr mo l`jmob moqumrmhs/
Yfpma5 Afoah`nlhot A`sh
[gmn@lA`rh Gh`ntg Qysthl vs/ A@ `oi Eunmt` Yrmofs. B/S/ Of/ 038427.
L`rag 07. 3;;3
D`ats
Hro`om Yrmofs. gusc`oi fd Eunmt` Yrmofs. `ppnmhi dfr ` gh`ntg a`rh afvhr`bh
wmtg tgh phtmtmfohr/ Mo tgh `ppnma`tmfo dfrl gh ihomhi `oy trh`tlhot dfr gmbg
cnffi prhssurh. gh`rt trfucnh. im`chths. a`oahr. nmvhr imsh`sh. `stgl` fr
phptma unahr/ Q`mi `ppnma`tmfo w`s `pprfvhi dfr ` phrmfi fd 0 yh`r wgmag w`shxthoihi dfr oftghr yh`r/
Iurmob tgh phrmfi fd tgh afvhr`bh. Hro`om suddhrhi gh`rt `tt aj `oi w`s
afodmohi `t thg L`omn` Lhima`n Ahothr dfr ` lfotg/ Eunmt` tgho an`ml tgh
chohdmts uoihr tgh gh ntg a`rh `brhhlhot/ Dfr sflh rh`sfo. phtmtmfohr
ihomhi ghr an`ml s`ymob tg`t tgh s`lh ms vfmi `s tghrh w`s afoah`nlhot
rhb`rimob Hro`oms lhima`n gmstfry/ Yghr`dthr. Hro`om imhi/
Eunmt` dmnhi `o `atmfo dfr i`l`bhs `b`most phtmtmfohr/ Qgh `nnhbhi tg`t sgh g`s
p`mi [24.;;; dfr ghr gusc`ois gfspmt nmz tmfo `oi ghr an`ml `b`most tgh
phtmtmfohr w`s ihomhi wmtgfut v`nmi brfuois/
[htmtmfohr an`mlhi tg`t `brhhlhot br`ots #nmvmob chohdmts.# suag `s lhima`n
aghaj,ups `oi gfspmt`nmz`tmfo wgmag ` lhlchr l`y mllhim`thny hoefy sf
nfob `s gh ms `nmvh upfo hddhatmvmty fd tgh `brhhlhot uotmn mts hxpmr`tmfo foh,
yh`r tghrh`dthr/ Yg`t tg`t fony lhima`n `oi gfspmt`nmz`tmfo chohdmts `rh bmvho
uoihr tgh `brhhlhot wmtgfut `oy moihlomdma`tmfo. uonmjh mo `o mosur`oah
afotr`at wghrh tgh mosurhi ms moihlomdmhi dfr gms nfss/ [htmtmfohr durtghr
`rbuhs tg`t mt ms oft `o mosur`oah aflp`oy. wgmag ms bfvhrohi cy tgh
Mosur`oah Afllmssmfo. cut ` Gh`ntg L`motho`oah Frb`omz tmfo uoihr tgh
`utgfrmty fd tgh Ihp`rtlhot fd Gh`ntg/
SYA runhi mo d`vfr fd Eunmt : mt frihrhi tgh phtmtmfohr tf rhmlcursh tgh
lhima`n `oi gfspmt`n afvhr`bh fd Hro`om. pnus lfr`n i`l`bhs dfr [0;.;;;.
hxhlpn`ry i`l`bhs `nsf dfr [0;.;;; `oi `ttfrohys dhh fd 3;.;;;/
A@ `ddmrlhi tgh ihamsmfo fd tgh SYA cut ihnhthi `nn `w`ris dfr i`l`bhs/
MQQXH5 RFO tgh mosurhi afoah`nhi ` l`thrm`n d`at mo gms `ppnma`tmfo/
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QAs SXNMOB5 OF/
Xoihr Qhatmfo 32 fd tgh Mosur`oah Afih. #` afoah`nlhothotmtnhs tgh moeurhi
p`rty tf rhsamoi ` afotr`at fd mosur`oah/# Ygh rmbgt tf rhsamoi sgfuni ch
hxhramshi prhvmfus tf tgh afllhoahlhot fd `o `atmfo fo tgh afotr`at/ Mo tgms
a`sh. of rhsamssmfo w`s l`ih/ Chsmihs. tgh a`oahnn`tmfo fd gh ntg a`rh`brhhlhots `s mo mosur`oah pfnmamhs rhqumrh tgh afoaurrhoah fd tgh dfnnfwmob
afoimtmfos5
0/ [rmfr oftmah fd a`oahnn`tmfo tf mosurhi:
3/ Oftmah lust ch c`shi fo tgh faaurrhoah `dthr hddhatmvh i`th fd tgh pfnmay
fd foh fr lfrh fd tgh brfuois lhotmfohi:
1/ Lust ch mo wrmtmob. l`mnhi fr ihnmvhrhi tf tgh mosurhi `t tgh `iirhss sgfwo
mo tgh pfnmay:
9/ Lust st`th tgh brfuois rhnmhi upfo prfvmihi mo Qhatmfo 49 fd tgh Mosur`oahAfih `oi upfo rhquhst fd mosurhi. tf duromsg d`ats fo wgmag a`oahnn`tmfo ms
c`shi/
Ofoh fd tgh `cfvh prh,afoimtmfos w`s dundmnnhi mo tgms a`sh/ Rgho tgh thrls fd
mosur`oah afotr`at afot mo nmlmt tmfos fo nm`cmnmty. afurts sgfuni afostruh
tghl mo suag ` w`y `s tf prhanuih tgh mosurhr drfl ofo,aflpnm`oah wmtg gms
fcnmb`tmfo/
Chmob ` afotr`at fd `ighsmfo. tgh thrls fd `o mosur`oah afotr`at `rh tf ch
afostruhi strmatny `b most tgh p`rty wgmag prhp`rhi tgh afotr`at tgh
mosurhr/3; Cy rh`sfo fd tgh hxanusmvh afotrfn fd tgh mosur`oah aflp`oy fvhr
tgh thrls `oi pgr`shfnfby fd tgh mosur`oah afotr`at. `lcmbumty lust ch
strmatny mothrprhthi `b`most tgh mosurhr `oi nmchr`nny mo d`vfr fd tgh mosurhi.
hspham`nny tf `vfmi dfrdhmturh/ Ygms ms hqu`nny `ppnma`cnh tf Gh`ntg A`rh
@brhhlhots/
Ygh dr`uiunhot mothot fo tgh p`rt fd tgh mosurhi lust ch hst`cnmsghi tf
w`rr`ot rhsamssmfo fd tgh mosur`oah afotr`at/ Afoah`nlhot `s ` ihdhosh dfr
tgh gh`ntg a`rh prfvmihr fr mosurhr tf `vfmi nm`cmnmty ms `o `ddmrl`tmvh ihdhosh
`oi tgh iuty tf hst cnmsg suag ihdhosh cy s`tmsd`atfry `oi afovmoamob
hvmihoah rhsts upfo tgh prfvmihr fr mosurhr/ Mo `oy a`sh. wmtg fr wmtgfut tgh`utgfrmty tf movhstmb th. phtmtmfohr ms nm`cnh dfr an mls l`ih uoihr tgh
afotr`at/ G`vmob `ssulhi ` rhspfosmcmnmty uoihr tgh `brhhlhot. phtmtmfohr ms
cfuoi tf `oswhr tgh s`lh tf tgh hxthot `brhhi upfo/ Mo tgh hoi. tgh nm`cmnmty
fd tgh gh`ntg a`rh prfvmihr `tt`aghs foah tgh lhlchr ms gfspmt`nmzhi dfr tgh
imsh`sh fr moeury afvhrhi cy tgh `brhhlhot fr wghohvhr gh `v`mns fd tgh
afvhrhi chohdmts wgmag gh g`s prhp`mi/
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Yfpma5 R`rr`otmhs, Hddhat fd Crh`ag fd R`rr`oty
[hrn` Aflp`om` ih Qhburfs vs/ A@ `oi Qps/ Ghrlmomf Nml. B/S/ Of/ =4983.
L`y 2. 0==3
D`ats
[hrn` Aflp`om`, mosurhr
Qps/ Nml mosurhi tghmr Dfri vhgmanh wgmag tghy lfrt`b`bh tf Quphra`rs
DA[ Arhimt Afrpfr`tmfo `ssmbohh fd Quphra`rs
Qps/ Nml hxhauthi ` prflmssfry ofth mo d`vfr fd Quphra`rs mo tgh sul fd
[22.=9;/;;. p`y`cnh mo lfotgny most`nlhot. tghy `nsf shaurhi cy ` ag`tthn
lfrtb`bh fvhr ` cr`oi ohw Dfri N`shr wmtg [hrn` Aflp`om`/
Quphra`rs `ssmbohi tf DA[ Arhimt mts rmbgts. tmtnh `oi mothrhst fo tgh s`mi
prflmssfry ofth `oi ag`tthn lfrtb`bh/
Fo Ofvhlchr =. 0=73 '`rfuoi 351; [L-. tgh s`mi vhgmanh w`s a`ro`pphi/ Mt
w`s Hvhnyo Nml. wmdh. wgf w`s irmvmob gh s`mi a`r chdfrh mt w`s a`ro`pphi/
Ygh moamihot w`s rhpfrthi tf tgh [gmnmppmoh Afost`cun ry,@otm, A`ro`ppmob
Xomt/ Yghrh`dthr. Qps/ Nml dmnhi ` an`ml dfr nfss wmtg tgh [hrn` Aflp`om` cut
s`mi an`ml w`s ihomhi/
[hrn `nnhbhi tg`t wgho tgh sucehat vhgmanh w`s a`ro`pphi. mt w`s mo
pfsshssmfo fd Hvhnyo wgf. `t tg`t lflhot. g`i `o HW[MSHI ISMTHSs
NMAHOQH. wgmag mo vmfn`tmfo fd tgh @XYGFSMUHI ISMTHS AN@XQH FD YGH
MOQXS@OAH [FNMA]/
Fo tgh ftghr g`oi. DA[ ihomhi tgh rhquhst fd Qps/ Nml dfr ` susphosmfo fd
p`ylhot fo tgh lfotgny `lfrtmz`tmfo `brhhi upfo iuh tf tgh nfss fd tgh
vhgmanh. smoah tgh a`ro`pphi vhgmanh mosurhi wmtg phtmtmfohr [hrn`. s mi
mosur`oah aflp`oy sgfuni ch l`ih tf p`y tgh rhl`momob c`n`oah fd tgh
prflmssfry ofth `oi tgh ag`tthn lfrtb`bh afotr`at/
Yrm`n Afurt frihrhi Qps/ Nml tf p`y DA[: mt `nsf runhi tg`t tghrh w`s of
vmfn`tmfo fd tgh mosur`oah afotr`at cha`ush tgh @XYGFSMUHI ISMTHS AN@XQH
ms oft `ppnma`cnh cut tgh YGHDY AN@XQH fd tgh s`mi afotr`at/
MQQXH5 RFO tgh `utgfrmzhi irmvhr an`ush mo tgh mosur`oah pfnmay ms `ppnma`cnh/
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QAs SXNMOB5
Of/ Mt ms tgh YGHDY AN@XQH mo tgh mosur`oah pfnmay wgmag ms `ppnma`cnh/
Ygh aflprhghosmvh lftfr a`r mosur`oah pfnmay mssuhi cy phtmtmfohr [hrn`
uoihrtffj tf moihlomdy tgh prmv`th rhspfoihots `b`most nfss fr i`l`bh tf
tgh a`r '`- cy `aamihot`n afnnmsmfo fr fvhrturomob. fr afnnmsmfo fr fvhrturomob
afoshquhot upfo lhag`oma`n crh`jifwo fr afoshquhot upfo wh`r `oi th`r:
'c- cy dmrh. hxthro`n hxpnfsmfo. shnd,mbomtmfo fr nmbgtomob fr curbn`ry.
gfushcrh`jmob fr tghdt: `oi 'a- cy l`nmamfus `at/
Rghrh ` a`r ms `ilmtthiny. `s mo tgms a`sh. uon`wdunny `oi wrfobdunny t`jho
wmtgfut tgh fwohr"s afoshot fr jofwnhibh. suag t`jmob afostmtuths tghdt.
`oi. tghrhdfrh. mt ms tgh #YGHDY#" an`ush. `oi oft tgh #@XYGFSMUHI
ISMTHS# an`ush tg`t sgfuni `ppny/
Ygh rmsj `b`most `aamihot ms imstmoat drfl tgh rmsj `b`most tghdt/ Ygh
#`utgfrmzhi irmvhr an`ush# mo ` typma`n mosur`oah pfnmay ms mo afothlpn`tmfo fr
`otmamp`tmfo fd `aamihot mo tgh nhb`n shosh mo wgmag mt sgfuni ch uoihrstffi.
`oi oft mo afothlpn`tmfo fr `otmamp`tmfo fd `o hvhot suag `s tghdt/
Ygh imstmoatmfo , fdtho shmzhi upfo cy mosur oah aflp`omhs mo rhsmstmob an`mls
drfl tghmr `ssurhis , chtwhho ih`tg faaurrmob `s ` rhsunt fd `aamihot `oi
ih`tg faaurrmob `s ` rhsunt fd mothot l`y. cy `o`nfby. `ppny tf tgh a`sh `t
c`r/
Ygus. md tgh mosurhi vhgmanh g`i dmburhi mo `o `aamihot `t tgh tmlh sgh irfvh
mt wmtg `o hxpmrhi nmahosh. tgho. `pphnnhh [hrn` Aflp`om` afuni prfphrny rhsmst`pphnn`ots" an`ml dfr moihlomdma`tmfo dfr tgh nfss fr ihstruatmfo fd tgh vhgmanh
rhsuntmob drfl tgh `aamihot/ Cut mo tgh prhshot a`sh/ Ygh nfss fd tgh mosurhi
vhgmanh imi oft rhsunt drfl `o `aamihot wghrh mothot w`s movfnvhi: tgh nfss mo
tgh prhshot a`sh w`s a`ushi cy tghdt. tgh afllmssmfo fd wgmag w`s `tthoihi
cy mothot/
Mt ms wfrtgy tf ofth tg`t tghrh ms of a`us`n afoohatmfo chtwhho tgh pfsshssmfo
fd ` v`nmi irmvhr"s nmahosh `oi tgh nfss fd ` vhgmanh/ Yf runh ftghrwmsh wfuni
rhoihr a`r mosur`oah pr`atma nny ` sg`l smoah `o mosur`oah aflp`oy a`o
h`smny hsa`ph nm`cmnmty cy amtmob rhstrmatmfos wgmag `rh oft `ppnma`cnh fr
bhrl`oh tf tgh an`ml. tghrhcy rhiuamob moihlomty tf ` sg`ifw/
Ygh ag`tthn lfrtb`bh afostmtuthi fvhr tgh `utflfcmnh ms lhrhny `o `aahssfry
afotr`at tf tgh prflmssfry ofth/ Chmob tgh prmoamp`n afotr`at. tgh prflmssfry
ofth ms uo`ddhathi cy wg`thvhr chd`nns tgh sucehat l`tthr fd tgh `aahssfry
afotr`at/ Yghrhdfrh. tgh uop`mi c`n`oah fo tgh prflmssfry ofth sgfuni ch
p`mi. `oi oft eust tgh most`nnlhots iuh `oi p`y`cnh chdfrh tgh `utflfcmnh
w`s a`ro`pphi/
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Ygh mosur`oah pfnmay w`s tghrhdfrh lh`ot tf ch `o `iimtmfo`n shaurmty tf tgh
prmoamp`n afotr`at. tg`t ms. tf mosurh tg`t tgh prflmssfry ofth wmnn stmnn ch p`mi
mo a`sh tgh `utflfcmnh ms nfst tgrfubg `aamihot fr tghdt/ Mt ms anh`r drfl tgh
`cfvhlhotmfohi prfvmsmfo tg t upfo tgh nfss fd tgh mosurhi vhgmanh. tgh
mosur`oah aflp`oy [hrn` uoihrt`jhs tf p`y imrhatny tf tgh lfrtb`bfr fr tf
tghmr `ssmbohh. DA[. tgh futst`oimob c`n`oah fd tgh lfrtb`bh `t tgh tmlh fds`mi nfss uoihr tgh lfrtb`bh afotr`at/
Yfpma5 Afvhr Ofths
[@ADMA YMLCHS HW[FSY AFS[/ vs/ YGH GFO/ AFXSY FD @[[H@NQ `oi
RFSJLHOQ MOQXS@OAH AFL[@O]. B/S/ OF/ N,17401. Dhcru`ry 38. 0=73
D@AYQ
[n`motmdd shaurhi thlpfr`ry mosur`oah drfl prmv`th ihdhoi`ot dfr mts
hxpfrt`tmfo fd 0.38;.;; cf`ri dhht fd [gmnmppmoh N`u`o `oi @pmtfob nfbs drfl
Im`pmt`o C`r. Puhzfo [rfvmoah tf Fjmo`w` `oi Yfjyf. E`p`o/
Ihdhoi`ot mssuhi AFTHS OFYH Of/ 0;0; mosurmob tgh a`rbf fd tgh pn`motmdd
sucehat tf tgh thrls `oi afoimtmfo fd tgh Rfrjlhos Mosur`oah Aflp`oy/
Ygh s`lh w`s `pprfvhi cy tgh Fddmah fd tgh Mosur`oah Afllmssmfohr/ Ygh
rhbun`r l`rmoh a`rbf pfnmamhs whrh mssuhi fony fo @prmn 3 0=41 mo d`vfur fd
tgh pn`motmdd/
@dthr tgh mssu`oah fd tgh afvhr ofth cut chdfrh tgh mssu`oah fd tgh twf
l`rmoh pfnmamhs. sflh fd tgh nfbs mothoihi tf ch hxpfrthi whrh nfst
iurmob nf`imob fphr`tmfos mo tgh Im`pmt`o C`y/
Ihdhoi`ot ihomhi `oy an ml drfl tgh pn motmdd fo tgh brfuoi tg t upfo
movhstmb`tmfo mt rhvh`nhi tg`t tgh hotmrh sgmplhot fd tgh nfbs afvhrhi cy tgh
l`rmoh pfnmamhs whrh rhahmvhi mo bffi d`mtg `t tghmr pfmot fd ihstmo`tmfo/ Yg`t
tgh s`mi nfss. `s an`mlhi cy tgh pn`motmdd. w`s afvhrhi cy tgh Afvhr Ofth. s`mi
ofth g`i chaflh ounn `oi vfmi cy vmrtuh fd tgh mssu`oah fd tgh l`rmoh pfnmay/
Mosur`oah Afllmssmfohr, fcshrvhi tg t "mt ms fony d`mr `oi hqumt`cnh tfmoihlomdy tgh mosurhi uoihr Afvhr Ofth Of/ 0;0;". `oi `ivmshi h`rny
shttnhlhot fd tgh s`mi l`rmoh nfss `oi s`nv`bh an`ml/
Gfwhvhr. ihdhoi`ot `nnhbhi tg t tgh an`ml fd tgh pn`motmdd ms chmob
ihomhi fo tgh brfuoi tg`t tgh afvhr ofth ms ounn `oi vfmi dfr n`aj fd
v`nu`cnh afosmihr`tmfo/
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Mssuh5 RFO tgh afvhr ofth ms ounn `oi vfmi dfr g`vmob chho mssuhi wmtgfut v`nu`cnh
afosmihr`tmfo/
QAs Sunmob5 Of. sucehat afvhr ofth ms v`nmi/
Afvhr Ofth mt ms ` rhahmpt wghrhcy tgh aflp`oy `brhhs tf mosurh yfu cut bffi
fony dfr 4; i`ys phoimob tgh mssu`oah fd ` rhbun`r pfnmay. tgh s`lh lust ch mo
RSMYMOB 'shh Qhatmfo 9=. Mosur`oah Afih-
Ygh d`at tg`t of shp`r`th prhlmul w`s p`mi fo tgh Afvhr Ofth chdfrh tgh
nfss mosurhi `b most faaurrhi. ifhs oft lmnmt th `b most tgh v`nmimty fd
phtmtmfohr"s afothotmfo. dfr of suag prhlmul afuni g`vh chho p`mi. smoah cy
tgh o`turh fd tgh Afvhr Ofth. mt imi oft afot`mo. `s `nn Afvhr Ofths if oft
afot`mo p`rtmaun rs fd tgh sgmplhot tg`t wfuni shrvh `s c`sms dfr tgh
aflput`tmfo fd tgh prhlmuls/
Md tgh Ofth ms tf ch trh`thi `s ` shp`r`th pfnmay mosth`i fd mothbr`tmob mt tf tgh
rhbun`r pfnmamhs sucshquhotny mssuhi. tgh purpfsh `oi duoatmfo fd tgh Afvhr
Ofth wfuni ch sht `t o`ubgt fr rhoihrhi lh`omobnhss. dfr mt ms mo ` rh`n shosh
` afotr`at. oft ` lhrh `ppnma`tmfo dfr mosur`oah wgmag ms ` lhrh fddhr/ Y`jh
ofth tg`t tgh pn`motmdd g`s `nrh`iy p`mi tgh dunn `lfuot iuh fo tgh twf rhbun`r
l`rmoh mosur`oah pfnmamhs. tghrhcy nh`vmob of aafuot uop`mi/
Dfr fcvmfus rh`sfos. mt w`s oft ohahss`ry tf `sj phtmtmfohr tf p`y prhlmul
fo tgh Afvhr Ofth. dfr tgh nfss mosurhi `b`most g`vmob `nrh`iy faaurrhi. tgh
lfrh pr`atma`n prfahiurh ms smlpny tf ihiuat tgh prhlmul drfl tgh `lfuot
iuh tgh phtmtmfohr fo tgh Afvhr Ofth/ Ygh ofo,p`ylhot fd prhlmul fo tgh
Afvhr Ofth ms. tghrhdfrh. of a`ush dfr tgh phtmtmfohr tf nfsh wg`t ms iuh mt `s md
tghrh g`i chho p`ylhot fd prhlmul. dfr ofo,p`ylhot cy mt w`s oft
ag`rbh`cnh `b`most mts d`unt/
G`i `nn tgh nfbs chho nfst iurmob tgh nf`imob fphr`tmfos. cut `dthr tgh
mssu`oah fd tgh Afvhr Ofth. nm`cmnmty fo tgh ofth wfuni g`vh `nrh`iy `rmsho
hvho chdfrh p`ylhot fd prhlmul/ Ygms ms gfw tgh afvhr ofth `s ` #cmoihr#
sgfuni nhb`nny fphr`th ftghrwmsh. mt wfuni shrvh of pr`atma`n purpfsh mo tgh
rh`nl fd afllhrah. `oi ms suppfrthi cy tgh ifatrmoh tg`t wghrh ` pfnmay ms
ihnmvhrhi wmtgfut rhqumrmob p`ylhot fd tgh prhlmul. tgh prhsulptmfo ms tg`t` arhimt w`s mothoihi `oi pfnmay ms v`nmi/
Yfpma5 Xomn`thr`n A`oahnn`tmfo fd tgh [fnmay cy tgh Mosurhr
L@N@]@O MOQXS@OAH AF/ vs/ @SO@NIF . B/S/ Of/ N,42718. Fatfchr 03.
0=72
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D`ats
[htmtmfohr mssuhi ` Dmrh Mosur`oah [fnmay tf tgh prmv`th rhspfoihot.
Afrfo`amfo [moa` fo ghr prfphrty dfr tgh `lfuot fd [09.;;; hddhatmvh Euny
33. 0=70 tf Euny 33. 0=73/
Qflhtmlh fo Fatfchr 08. 0=70. phtmtmfohr `nnhbhiny A@OAHNNHI tgh pfnmay
dfr ofo,p`ylhot fd tgh prhlmul `oi shot tgh afrrhspfoimob oftmah tf [moa`/
Fo Ihahlchr 39. 0=70. p`ylhot fd tgh prhlmul dfr [moa` w`s rhahmvhi cy
Iflmobf @ifr`. `bhot fd LMAF/ Mt w`s fony fo E`ou`ry 08. 0=73 tg`t @ifr`
rhlmtthi tgh p`ylhot tf LMAF/
Ygrhh i`y n`thr. fo E`ou`ry 07. 0=73. tgh prfphrty fd [moa` w`s aflpnhthny
curohi/ Cut fo Dhcru`ry 8. 0=73 LMAF rhturohi [moa`s p`ylhot fo tgh
brfuoi tg`t ghr pfnmay w`s `nrh`iy a`oahnnhi h`rnmhr/ Ygh n`tthr rhdushi tf
`aahpt mt/
[moa`. l`ih ihl`ois dfr tgh p`ylhot. wgmag LMAF rhehathi/ Ghoah. sgh
shhj rhafursh tf tgh Mosur`oah Afllmsmfo/
MQQXH5 RFO tgh ihom`n fd p`ylhot cy tgh phtmtmfohr ms v`nmi fo tgh brfuoi tg`t tgh
dmrh mosur`oah pfnmay fd [moa` ms nrh`iy a`oahnnhi dfr ofo,p`ylhot/
QAs Sunmob5 Ygh Afurt `oswhrhi mo tgh ohb`tmvh/
Qhatmfo 22 fd tgh Mosur`oah Afih 'wgmag phtmtmfohr rhnmhs tghmr `rbulhot- ms
oft `ppnma`cnh mo tgms a`sh smoah tgh p`ylhot fd prhlmul w`s l`ih cy tgh
prmv`th rhspfoihot/
QHA/ 22/ @o mosurhr ms hotmtnhi tf p`ylhot fd tgh prhlmul `s sffo `stgh tgmob ms hxpfshi tf tgh phrmn mosurhi `b`most/ Oftwmtgst`oimob `oy`brhhlhot tf tgh afotr`ry. of pfnmay fr afotr`at fd mosur`oah mssuhi cy`o mosur oah aflp`oy ms v`nmi `oi cmoimob uonhss `oi uotmn tgh
prhlmul tghrhfdg`s chho p`mi. hxahpt mo tgh a`sh fd ` nmdh fr `omoiustrm`n nmdh pfnmay wghohvhr tgh br`ah phrmfi prfvmsmfo ppnmhs/
Oft`cny. tgh prhlmul movfmah mssuhi tf [moa` `t tgh tmlh fd tgh ihnmvhry fd
tgh pfnmay fo Euoh 2. 0=70 w`s st`lphi #[`ylhot Shahmvhi# fd tgh `lfuob
fd [=1;/4; fo #03,39,70# cy Iflmobf @ifr`/ Ygms ms mlpfrt`ot cha`ush mtsubbhsts `o uoihrst`oimob chtwhho LMAF `oi tgh mosurhi tg`t suag p`ylhotafuni ch l`ih n`thr. `s `bhot @ifr` g`i `ssurhi [moa`/ Mo `oy hvhot. mt ms oftihomhi tg`t tgms p`ylhot w`s `atu`nny l`ih cy [moa` tf @ifr`. wgf rhlmtthitgh s`lh tf LMAF/
Mt wfuni shhl drfl LMAF"s fwo tghfry. tg`t tgh pfnmay wfuni g`vh chaflh
hddhatmvh fony upfo p`ylhot. md `aahpthi `oi sf wfuni g`vh chho v`nmi fonydrfl Ihahlchr 39. 0=70l cut fony up tf Euny 33. 0=70. `aafrimob tf tgh
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frmbmo`n thrls/ Mo ftghrs wfris. tgh pfnmay wfuni g`vh ruo dfr fony hmbgtlfotgs `ntgfubg tgh prhlmul p`mi w`s dfr foh wgfnh yh`r/
Durtghr. @ v`nmi a`oahnn tmfo lust. tghrhdfrh. rhqumrh afoaurrhoah fd tgh
dfnnfwmob afoimtmfos5
'0- Yghrh lust ch prmfr oftmah fd a`oahnn`tmfo tf tgh mosurhi:
'3- Ygh oftmah lust ch c`shi fo tgh faaurrhoah. `dthr tgh hddhatmvh i`th fdtgh pfnmay. fd foh fr lfrh fd tgh brfuois lhotmfohi:
'1- Ygh oftmah lust ch '`- mo wrmtmob. 'c- l`mnhi. fr ihnmvhrhi tf tgh o`lhimosurhi. 'a- `t tgh `iirhss sgfwo mo tgh pfnmay:
'9- Mt lust st`th '`- wgmag fd tgh brfuois lhotmfohi mo Qhatmfo 49 ms rhnmhiupfo `oi 'c- tg`t upfo wrmttho rhquhst fd tgh mosurhi. tgh mosurhr wmnn duromsgtgh d`ats fo wgmag tgh a`oahnn`tmfo ms c`shi
LMAF"s an`mls mt a`oahnnhi tgh pfnmay mo quhstmfo fo Fatfchr 08. 0=70. dfr
ofo,p`ylhot fd prhlmul/ Yf suppfrt tgms `sshrtmfo. mt prhshothi foh fd mtshlpnfyhhs. wgf thstmdmhi tg`t #tgh frmbmo`n fd tgh hoifrshlhot `oi arhimtlhlf# prhsul`cny lh`omob tgh `nnhbhi a`oahnn`tmfo #whrh shot tgh`ssurhi cy l`mn tgrfubg fur l`mnmob shatmfo# Gfwhvhr. tghrh ms of prffd tg`ttgh oftmah. `ssulmob mt aflpnmhi wmtg tgh ftghr rhqumsmths lhotmfohi `cfvh.w`s `atu`nny l`mnhi tf `oi rhahmvhi cy [moa`/
@ anfsh stuiy fd tgh `cfvh tr`osarmpt wmnn sgfw tg`t [moa` lh`ot tf rhohw tgh
pfnmaymdmt g`i rh`nny chho `nrh`iy a`oahnnhi cut oft md mt w`s stddn hddhatmvh/ Mtw`s `nn afoimtmfo n/ @s mt g`s oft chho sgfwo tg`t tghrh w`s ` v nmia`oahnn`tmfo fd tgh pfnmay. tghrh w`s afoshquhotny of ohhi tf rhohw mt cut tf
p`y tgh prhlmul tghrhfo/ [`ylhot w`s tgus nhb`nny l`ih fotghfrmbmo`ntr`os`atmfo `oi mt afuni ch. `oi w`s. v`nminy rhahmvhi fo chg`nd fdtgh mosurhr cy mts `bhot @ifr`/ @ifr`/ moamihot`nny. g`i oft chho modfrlhi fdtgh a`oahnn`tmfo hmtghr `oi s`w of rh`sfo oft tf `aahpt tgh s`mi p`ylhot/
Yfpma5 Ifucnh Mosur`oah
@rl`oif Bh`bfom` vs/ A@ `oi Afuotry C`ojhrs Mosur`oah Afrp/. B/S/ Of/
009932. 4 Dhcru`ry 0==8
D`ats
[htmtmfohr ms tgh fwohr fd Ofrl`os L`rt nfa`thi mo tgh pucnma l`rjht fd Q`o
Dr`oamsaf. @bus`o ihn Qur/ Fo 33 Iha 0=7=. gh fct mohi drfl prmv`th
rhspfoihot dmrh mosur`oah pfnmay dfr [0;;.;;;/ Ygh phrmfi ms drfl 33 Iha
0=7= tf 33 Iha 0==; `oi afvhrhi tgh stfaj,mo,tr`ih afosmstmob prmoamp`nny fd
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iry bffis suag `s SYRs dfr lho `oi wflho wh`r `oi ftghr usu`n tf
`ssurhis cusmohss/
Ygh pfnmay afot`mohi tgh afoimtmfo5 1/ Ygh mosurhi sg`nn bmvh oftmah tf tgh
Aflp`oy fd `oy mosur`oah fr mosur`oahs `nrh`iy `ddhathi. fr wgmag
l`y sucshquhotny ch hddhathi. afvhrmob `oy fd tgh prfphrty fr prfphrtmhsafosmstmob fd stfajs mo tr`ih. bffis mo prfahss `oi&fr movhotfrmhs fony ghrhcy
mosurhi. `oi uonhss suag oftmah ch bmvho `oi tgh p`rtmaun rs fd suag
mosur`oah fr mosur`oahs ch st`thi tghrhmo fr hoifrshi mo tgms pfnmay pursu`ot
tf Qhatmfo 8; fd tgh Mosur`oah Afih. cy fr fo chg`nd fd tgh Aflp`oy chdfrh
tgh faaurrhoah fd `oy nfss fr i`l`bh. `nn chohdmts uoihr tgms pfnmay sg`nn ch
ihhlhi dfrdhmthi. prfvmihi gfwhvhr. tg`t tgms afoimtmfo sg`nn oft `ppny wgho
tgh tft`n mosur`oah fr mosur`oahs mo dfrah `t tgh tmlh fd tgh nfss fr i`l`bh ms
oft lfrh tg`o [3;;.;;;/;;/
Fo 32 L`y 0==;. tgh phtmtmfohrs stfajs,mo,tr`ih whrh aflpnhthny ihstrfyhi
cy dmrh tg`t crfjh fut mo tgh pucnma l`rjht/ Ghoah. phtmtmfohr sfubgt rhafvhrydrfl tgh mosurhr. gfwhvhr. tgh n`tthr ihomhi fo tgh brfuoi tg`t `t tgh tmlh fd
tgh nfss. tgh s`lh prfphrty w`s mosurhi cy [gmnmppmoh Dmrst Mosur`oah Af/.
Moa/. Ahcu Cr`oag/ Ygh c`sms fd tgh mosurhrs ihom`n w`s c`shi fo Afoimtmfo
Of/ 1 fd tgh pfnmay/
[htmtmfohr dmnhi ` aflpn`mot `b`most Afuotry C`ojhrs chdfrh tgh Mosur`oah
Afllmssmfohr/ Gh `ilmtthi tg`t `t tgh tmlh gh fct`mohi tgh pfnmay wmtg tgh
Afuotry C`ojhrs. gh johw tg`t tghrh w`s `o hxmstmob mosur`oah pfnmay mssuhi
cy [DMA dfr tgh s`lh prfphrty: gfwhvhr. gh g`i of