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Part I
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Human population living within a limitedgeographical area and carrying on a commoninterdependent life (Lundberg, 1963)
A dynamic phenomenon with an array of roleseach influencing the whole structure (Nelson,1960)
A locality group whether the term refers to aneighborhood, a town, a city or even a nation
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Its essence lies in the relationships within the
system
Composed of people who have relationships thatare systematic, interactive and interdependent
Members carry on the activities to create the wefeeling or community spirit
Relationships are essential in the evolution ofindividual identity ( affinity to the communitywhere you belong) leading to low to high level ofreciprocity and alienation
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Classification : Rural (familistic) and Urban(contractual)
Indices ; size, density of population,occupation, environment, heterogeneity andhomogeneity of culture, social differentiationand stratification, mobility and system of
interaction
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Conditions affecting community life Climate
Natural resources
Plant and animal life
Culture Social life
Social interaction
Social organization , social roles
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Basic services needed by the community Economy Local government Religion
Education Welfare Health recreation
*** Agencies providing any of these have to explicitly
define their goals, values and beliefs as these affectthe kind of services each is offering to thecommunity.
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Study of the development and organization ofthe community and the distribution ofpersons and institutions in relation to theenvironment (Hawley, 1950)
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Small population, man to land ratio is small Occupation : farming, fishing, food gathering,
cottage industries
Family and kinship groups More children
Community activities and cooperation arecommon
Competition and conflicts may be present
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Primary group relations prevail Informal borrowing and lending of cash and
material goods Offers quiet, solitude and tranquility
Great breathing space Factionalism may still be present Social institutions membership small, not
highly specialized
Leaders are usually chosen with reference topersonal qualities that conform to localsystem of values (Nelson, 1995)
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Less mobile (slow paced) due to low densityof population and homogeneity of culture
Migration is selective of young people andthe female gender (Bertrand, 1955)
Less social classes and no extremes of wealth Social status determined by birth and
personal qualities of an individual Social control : gossip , public opinion, social
ostracism Social control operates through folkways and
mores
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Rural folks are more dependent on traditionaland cultural heritage
Cultural advantages are few
Modern facilities are limited
70 % rural ---- nation of barrios
Barrio backbone of the nation
Provides urban areas with food and rawindustrial materials
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Barangay smallest political subdivision of thegovernment; linked to the poblacion
Autonomous local government
Scanty educational services
Health : malnutrition and communicablediseases common
Socio-religious activity --- fiesta
Problems : poverty, unemployment, weak localgovernment, low level of education, lack ofproper sanitation, lack of recreational andcultural facilities, inadequate health facilities
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Capital of a country plays a dominant role primary center or city focal point of
urbanization
Center of administrative, commercial,financial, educational, religious andrecreational functions of a nation
Human ecology more complex
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Concentric Circle Theory of City Zones description of city development based onzoning (Burgess, 1925)
Chicago City
No city is a perfect example of this patterndue to geographical setting and public works
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Find large office buildings and hotels Highest land values and rents
Specialty stores, banks, restaurants
Greatest daily movement of people in the city Hundreds of workers and shoppers come and
go
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Older residential area Second highest land values but some of the
lowest rents
Manufacturing establishments in old dilapidated
buildings Newcomers to the city or single persons living
away from home
Has wanderers, homeless persons andnonconformists of all sorts
Immigrant groups who follow their customs
Lack of unified social atmosphere
Highest rate of crime, disease and socialbreakdown
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Has more stability and emphasis on familylife
Fairly moderate land values and rents
Duplexes and apartments
Bakeries, pharmacies, cafes, hardware stores,grocery stores
Low salaried workers who want to live near
their place of employment Better than zone II
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Fairly high land values and rent More elaborate apartment and homes
Well off families
Newer and better facilities Low rates of crime, disease and social
disorganization
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Stretches outward from the city boundaries At least one hours ride from the center of the
city Small cities, towns and villages linked to the
central district Land values lower than Zone IV Office workers, professionals who commute Advantage of being newer, less crowded and
less expensive area Disadvantage of being far away from many
facilities and conveniences
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122 cities as of August 28, 2010. Thirty-eight cities are independent: 33 are classified as
"highly urbanized" and 5 as "independent component;" t 84 component cities of the provinces in which they are
geographically located.
1,512 municipalities 70% rural population provincial migrants to metropolitan Manila --
population imbalance Overcrowding (squatting), increased demands for
services, pollution ----- > ecological imbalance Manilas domination leads to other cities suffering. brain drain due to migration Impersonal, Secondary relationships predominate Interacting with non kin as a business alliance
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Excess urban population, usually squattersfor which the city has neither the resourcesfor their welfare nor need of their labor
Poverty, overcrowding, inadequate watersupply closely linked to poor sanitation andpoor health
Communicable diseases predominate
Growing increase in life style related diseases
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A continuous and sustained process of ducatingpeople to understand and develop critical
consciousness of their existing conditions
Organizingthem to work collectively and efficientlyon their immediate and long term problems
Mobilizingthem to develop their capability andreadiness to respond and take actions on theirimmediate and long term needs and problems
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A process which enlists the support andactive involvement of all sectors within asociety that can play a role in achieving anagreed social objective , converging the
interests and actions of institutions, groupsand communities towards the objectives,thereby mobilizing the human and materialresources to reach it and rooting it insocietys and particularly communitysconscience to ensure its sustainability (ColinFraser)
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The process of gaining mastery and powerover ones community to produce change.
As a social mobilizer, one is compelled toprovide tools and responsibility to thecommunity members for making decisionsthat affect them.
Community participation need to be built upin doing CO or SocMob
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Dr. Itchonslecture on Communities Post Graduate Course on Health Education
and Promotion Manual UP-CPH and DOH-NCHP
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