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Chapter IV
PRESENTATION, INTERPRETATION AND ANALYSIS OF DATA
This chapter presents the data gathered during the survey made. It
also shows the interpretation and the analysis of the data and its
implications to the health of the people living in the community.
A. General Community Profile
General community profile tackles the community in general.
Specifically, it includes the history, the different organizations formed, their
leadership styles, programs and services offered. It also comprises the
peoples perceptions regarding these agencies. This also gives
background knowledge on how the community evolved, who contains it,
what are their ways of living, and who are the people responsible for its
development.
Community History
General Santos City has 26 barangays. One of these is Barangay
Olympog. Its name originated from a Blaan word Colympog which
means cogon. Formerly, it was known to be a sitio of Barangay Conel. On
1990, the city council passed Resolution No. 03, series of 1990 separating
Sitio Olympog from its mother Barangay Conel, primarily to cope up with
the planning and implementing of government programs, projects, and
other activities that have vital importance to its populace. This was
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supported by a majority of votes cast during a plebiscite conducted by the
Commission on Election, last February 24, 1990, favoring its separation.
It is composed of ten puroks. These are Purok 1, Purok 2, Purok 3,
Purok Sampao, Purok Biscayda, Purok Balsinang, Purok San Vicente,
Purok Tucanop, Purok Kidam, and Purok Balakayo.
Purok Balakayo was originally inhabited by the native Blaan
people. The Blaans were known to be as private people. When a group
of settlers coming from Cebu and other places went to Balakayo on the
1960s, most of the Blaans kept their distance and went uphill leaving the
place to the Visayan people. It was Datu Kalib Santiago who owned most
of Balakayo. When more people came to the place, he sold some parts of
the land with an affordable price.
There are different accounts on how the place of Purok Balakayo
got its name. The current Purok Chairman, one of the first Visayan
settlers, said that the word balakayo originated from malakayo, a Blaan
term that means a place without water. Another first settler said that
balakayo means woods or forest since the place before was abundant of
trees.
On the 1970s, the first chapel was built and was made of light
materials. During this year, the MILF (Moro Islamic Liberation Front) went
to the place and attacked those who were against them. Some of the
cornfields were burned and some people were hurt.
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On 1980, Purok Balakayo was able to have an easier access to
water. The water coming from the spring which was kilometers away from
the center of the purok was already being delivered through a pipe
system with the help of the late Mayor Antonino Acharon. On the next
year, he also initiated in building the elementary school.
On 1985, the NPA (New Peoples Army) came into the place and
killed and hurt people who were against them as well as those who would
not give them anything. Houses were ransacked leading the people of
Balakayo to vacate the place for their own safety. For quite a long time,
the people of Balakayo lived at other places. When the NPA vacated the
place after many years, the people came back and restored what was left
while some did not came back due to fear that it would happen again.
On 2002, the purok was able to have its electricity. The money
which was used for the access of electricity was the peoples prize for
winning as the cleanest purok in the city.
Community Leadership and Organization
Purok Balakayo, as part of Barangay Olympog is run by leaders
elected by the community people. The barangay is run by a barangay
captain who is currently held by Honorable Abeto A. Gulle with his set of
barangay kagawads. They have the authority to make decisions for the
good of the community. The barangay also has a secretary within their
60
Hon. Abeto A. GulleBarangay Captain
Guadalope V. CagasBarangay Secretary
Ester D. Carde oBarangay TreasurerFigure 3.
Organizational Chart of Barangay Olympog Officials
John L. GuymonBarangay Kagawad
Sergio A. OclaritBarangay Kagawad
Herlito R. RodriguezBarangay Kagawad
Marjun P. Carde oSK Chairman
Apolonio D. AmoraBarangay Kagawad
Ruben B. Umas-asBarangay Kagawad
Estelito Q. Carde oBarangay Kagawad
Rogelio G. MeigoBarangay Kagawad
Hon. Abeto A. GulleBarangay Captain
Guadalope V. Cagas
Barangay Secretary
Ester D. Carde oBarangay Treasurer
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Apolonio D. AmoraBaran a Ka awad
Ruben B. Umas-asBaran a Ka awad
Estelito Q. Carde oBaran a Ka awad
Rogelio G. MeigoBaran a Ka awad
Hon. Ricardo N. DaydayCommittee on Beautification
Hon. Mesael D. GamoCommittee on Infrastructure
Hon. Nicanor SicadCommittee on Agriculture
Hon. Gaspar L. Gac-angCommittee on Education
Hon. Edgar C. BarconCommittee on Sport
Hon. Concordio H. MaratasCom. on Peace and Order
Hon. Rogelio PaglinawanPurok Chairman
Celia C. OrosPurok Secretary
Charity C. Sicad
Purok Treasurer
Garry M. CagasSK Chairman
Figure 4.Organizational Chart of Purok Balakayo Officials
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Table 1Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
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in terms of Community Organization
Community Organization Frequency Percentage
FRAME 23 31.51
GKK 8 10.96
SK 6 8.22Purok Officials 6 8.22
Women and Life 11 15.07
None 19 26.02
Total 73 100
The different community organizations present in the community
are presented in Table 1. One resident does not necessarily mean he/she
has only one organization. Some people participate in two or more.
Majority of these people are participants of the FRAME, Family Resource
Allocation and Management Enhancement which constitutes 31.51% of
the total households involved in different organizations.
The FRAME was espoused by the local government of General
Santos City in order to alleviate poverty. This said project was adopted by
Mayor Darlene Antonino-Custodio from BSRP, Bayanihan Savings
Replication Project which is community-based savings microfinance
and enterprise development program that helps low-income families
handle their financial capabilities and manage their livelihood
(www.journal.com).
FRAME finance committee chairman Marcelino E. Dospueblos said
the project was first implemented in 2003 with P2,750 savings collected
from the P10 weekly contribution of the members and added, Now the
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project has P30-million funds coming from the contribution of 32,000
members from the citys 26 barangays.
There are 26.02 of total households who do not engage in any
community organizations. 15.07% belongs to the women and life
organization. Those who join the religious organization of GKK constitute
a percentage of 10.96. The Sangguniang Kabataan and Purok Officials
both consist 8.22% of the total households.
Putting an organization in the community is a big factor which will
contribute to its development. This seeks to empower individuals and
groups of people by providing these groups with the skills they need to
affect change in their own communities. The groups involved are working
with common agenda to help build relationships with key people and
organizations, as well as to identify common concerns. The people
who lead generate opportunities for the community to learn new skills and
to enable people to act together.
Table 2Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
in terms of Type of Organization
Type of Organization Frequency Percentage
Religious 8 10.96
Political 35 47.95
Women and Life 11 15.07None 19 26.02
Total 73 100
Table 2 shows the type or classification where one organization
belongs. The political type of organization comprises 47.95% of the total
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household members who actively participate in different organizations.
26.02% do not have any type of organization. 15.07% belongs to the
women and life organization, and 10.96% are members of a religious
organization.
All Societies recognize political leadership roles of some sort.
These are roles in which individuals generally have authority related to
broad areas of concern for their society. Purok Officials and members of
Sangguniang Kabataan are allowed to make decisions concerning the
group as a whole. They are often expected to lead community
discussions and act as spokesmen in dealing with outsiders. They have
power to control or at least strongly influence the behavior of others within
the society by their powers of persuasion and use of legal system. They
usually play a central role in defining their society's goals and public
policy.
Government Organizations and its Programs and Services
The Family Resource Allocation and Management Enhancement
(FRAME) provides values formation, livelihood, and financial management
seminars, loan programs, and other economic activities aimed at
increasing the income of its members. Members within the community
conduct their meeting every Sunday. A representative from each
household is encouraged to gather and attend the meeting.
The purok is actively participating in the different programs
inititiated by the local government of General Santos City especially those
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which will greatly contribute and benefit their community. The officials also
include in their programs operations such as clean up drive and basketball
league.
Non-Government Organizations and its Programs and Services
The community people also recognize the existence of
organizations which are run by non-government leaders. The religious
organization such as GKK conducts tree planting and feeding programs. It
is led by Mr. Nicanor Sicad Jr. as the president. Every first Saturday of the
month, they gather at Lagao Parish. Ministry, social actions such as
outreach programs are included in their services.
Peoples Perception and Participation from Programs and Services
The people in the community are generally optimistic and
participative with regards to the different programs and services offered by
government and non-government organizations. The community people
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readily accept any kind of help from these organizations as long as it will
bring them good.
The government organizations are Family Resource Allocation and
Management Enhancement (FRAME), Purok Officials, and Sangguniang
Kabataan (SK). On the other hand, the non-government organizations are
Ginagmayng Kristohanong Katilingban (GKK), and Women and Life
Organization.
Table 3 presents that there are 127 registered voters in Purok
Balakayo which comprises 73.41% of the people who are of legal age and
46 who are not registered comprising 26.59%. Political participation,
especially in the form of voting, is essential to democracy. Full
participation on the part of every citizen is a democratic ideal. Political
participation most often produces political stability.
Table 3Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
in terms of Registered Voter
Registered Voter Frequency Percentage
Yes 127 73.41
No 46 26.59
Total 173 100
Among those who are registered voters, there were 122 residents
who were able to vote during last elections as shown in Table 4 while only
5 residents were not able to vote. Generally, the residents at the purok are
willing and interested of participating in the elections because these make
them feel that they are part of the country and a nations people.
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Table 4Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of
Registered Voters who Voted during Last Elections
Voted During Last Elections Frequency PercentageYes 122 96.06
No 5 3.94
Total 127 100
Nature of Leadership of each Organization
Each organization found in the community uses a systematic nature
of leadership by which a chosen leader or head is assigned in an
organization. It creates an orderly method of job assignment and referral
system. The power of the organization is most concentrated at the tier of
the oganizational framework headed by the president or chairman. The
usual leader-follower-situation approach is being implemented where in
the leader initiates and directs the followers.
Leadership Style and Process
The leadership style is a unique process of managing and running
an organization. Participative or democratic style is the most common
style of leadership present within the community.
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This style involves the leader including one or more employees in
the decision-aking process. However, the leader maintains the final
decision making authority. This style is of mutual benefit since it allows
them to become part of the team and allows better decision making.
Table 5 presents the problems and concerns identified by the
people in the community. The topmost concern of the community people
are their comfort rooms with 35 residents who identified it making up
28.23% of all the identified concerns. Next concern identified by 27
residents or 21.75% of the population of 124 residents is on their
livelihood. Water supply is the next concern of 15 residents or 12.10%. 8
residents did not perceive any problem. Electricity and Malnutrition were
both identified by 7 residents each. 6 residents were concerned of the
road surface. Both education and school supplies were also of concern of
5 residents. 4 residents also identified problems in medical supplies. 3
people identified problem in waste disposal. Hygiene and alcoholism were
of concern of 1 respondent each.
Table 5Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of
Problems/Concerns Present in the Community
Present Problems/Concerns in theCommunity
Frequency Percentage
Comfort Room 35 28.23
Education 5 4.03
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Electricity 7 5.65
Livelihood 27 21.75
Malnutrition 7 5.65
Hygiene 1 0.81
Alcoholism 1 0.81
Road Surface 6 4.84
Waste Disposal 3 2.42
School Supplies 5 4.03
Water Supply 15 12.10
None as perceived 8 6.45
Medicine Supplies 4 3.23
Total 124 100
It is important for the community people to identify problems
existing in their community in order for them to address it, determine
available resources as well as to set priorities, and take part in planning,
implementing, and evaluating the health actions.
These will become a basis for prioritization and implementation of
the plans and programs that will generally benefit the community as a
whole and empower the people in it in order for them to have a sense of
ownership.
B. Physical and Geographical Data
Land Area and Boundary
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Barangay Olympog is approximately approximately 5, 000 hectares
in land area. It is composed of five (5) puroks. One of its Puroks is Purok
Balakayo wherein it is located between Barangay Conel (West) and Purok
Sansapan (East). Sanchez Peak is located on its north and Purok Kidam
on the South. The total land area of Purok Balakayo is approximately
1,000 hectares according to Barangay Captain Abeto Gulle.
Settlement and Road Pattern
The settlements found in the community of Purok Balakayo are
mostly composed of ordinary types of housing materials such as nipa,
kalakat, bamboo and coco lumber while there are also some houses that
are made of scrap and of concrete. The road patterns of the community
are not well-developed. The road is not concrete but mostly composed of
rocks especially lime stones. The houses also do not have any particular
arrangement.
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Land Use
According to the government, the area of Purok Balakayo is an
ancestral domain of the Blaan tribes and stewardship is the primary
ownership type in the area. However, almost all of the members of the
tribe went to another place after many people came and lived to their land.
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The Blaan spiritual attachment to the land is well documented.
They gradually lost their customary land and country through
unscrupulous dealings. Others also negotiated separately with the Blaan,
buying off their land with an amount of money or for barter exchange such
as carabaos. They also had their traditional nomadic life which partly
explains why the Blaan tribe
were almost gone to this place
(http://cpcabrisbane.org).
The majority of the land area in Purok Balakayo is agricultural in
nature. The people in the area made use of the land in the livelihood such
as cultivation of farmlands and slash-and-burn farming (kaingin system).
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The majority of the residential homes are located at the center of
the place (Centro) but some were distant because of the convenience on
the livelihood reach and some are caretakers of the land. Other well-
known owners of some of the land have their own business such as
gamefowl breeding/rooster-raisers, Zipline Adventure Park and others.
Climate
Purok Balakayo experiences temperate climate with usual seasons
of rainy and sunny days.
Topography and Terrain
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Purok Balakayo is a combination of plain and mountainous areas.
It has grassy and elevated rough terrains.
Physical Resources
The physical resources of Purok Balakayo include many of the
famous landmarks owned by influential people. These count the Octagon
of Fiscal Jamora, Lautengcos rest house, numerous poultry, 5
th
Mountain
Adventure Park with Zipline and Cable car owned by Mr. Betonio, and the
highest peak in Gensan, the Sanchez peak. These spots are considered
to be a good contribution for the development of the communitys tourism
aspect which will lead to more opportunities and provision of jobs for the
people.
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Purok Balakayo has five (5) churches, an elementary school,
electric posts as sources of electricity, lamp posts for lighting, and five (5)
water sources.
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They also have sari-sari stores and vulcanizing shop. Community
people also enjoy with their other recreational areas such as Basketball
court, Billiard hall and Videoke areas.
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The People
Table 6Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
in terms of Years of Residency in Purok Balakayo
No. of Years of Residency Frequenc
y
Percentage
0 - 1 years 11 16.67
1.1 - 3 years 12 18.18
3.1 - 5 years 5 7.57
more than 5 years 38 57.58
Total 66 100
Table 6 shows that most of the people who live in Purok Balakayo
are already residents for more than five years which comprises 57.58%.
There are 18.18% of the total households who are already residing for 1.1
up to 3 years. 16.67% of the households are new to the community who
live there already not more than a year and there are 7.57% who resides
there for 3.1 to 5 years.
The number of years of residency implies significance in terms how
people are able to adapt in the community. The longer people resides in a
community, the higher are their knowledge of that community and the
chances of being accustomed of that community.
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Transport in general, and accessibility of people, jobs and services
in particular, is assumed to have an important impact on the residential
choice behavior of households. After all, the amount of activities that can
be deployed by the household members, whether labor, leisure or socially
correlated is determined by the accessibility of a location. The location of
adequate housing, whether urban or rural, must permit access to
employment opportunities, health care, schools, child care and other
social facilities (http://ideas.repec.org).
Table 7Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residentsin terms of Reason for Residency
Reason For TransferFrequenc
y Percentage
Accessibility to resources 12 18.18
Close to Relatives 6 9.09
Land Ownership 7 10.61
Marriage 7 10.61
Tenant 2 3.02
Work/Employment 30 45.45
Resident Pastor 1 1.52
None: Resident of Balakayo 1 1.52
Total 66 100
People coming from other places have different reasons of residing
in Purok Balakayo as shown in Table 7. Majority of them resides because
of work and employment with 45.45% of the total households. 18.18% of
the households resided to access resources present in the community.
Land ownership and marriage are the reasons for residing by both having
10.61% of the households. 9.09% have the reason of residing to be close
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to their relatives place. 3.02% of the total households are tenants. 1.52%
belongs to both the resident pastor and a resident of Purok Balakayo.
Table 8 shows that majority of the people came from the
community itself, Purok Balakayo in Barangay Olympog with a percentage
of 18.18 among the total households as well as on its nearby community
in the west, Barangay Conel. 13.62% are residents who came from Cebu
city. 9.09% came from Davao city. There are 4.55% of each of the
residents coming from Malungon, Silway, and Sultan Kudarat. Glan, Purok
San Vicente, Purok Upper Labay, and Pagadian all have 3.02%
households each and theres a percent among each of the places of
Bacolod city, Lanao del Norte, Marbel, Purok Kidam, Purok Sampao,
Table 8Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
in terms of Place of Origin
Place of Origin Frequency Percentage
Bacolod City 1 1.52Cebu City 9 13.62
Conel 12 18.18
Davao City 6 9.09
Glan 2 3.02
Lanao del Norte 1 1.52
Malungon 3 4.55
Marbel 1 1.52
Purok Balakayo, Barangay Olympog 12 18.18
Purok Kidam, Barangay Olympog 1 1.52
Purok Sampao, Barangay Olympog 1 1.52Purok San Vicente, Barangay Olympog 2 3.02
Purok Sansapan, Barangay Olympog 1 1.52
Purok Upper Labay, Barangay Olympog 2 3.02
San Roque, Silway 3 4.55
Sultan Kudarat 3 4.55
Polomolok 1 1.52
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Tacurong 1 1.52
Lagao 1 1.52
Pagadian 2 3.02
Cagayan Valley 1 1.52
Total 66 100
Purok Sansapan, Polomolok, Tacurong, Lagao, and Cagayan Valley.
This data implies that most of the people come from the nearby
communities which allow them to easily access on the community. The
people from Cebu city are considered to be one of the settlers in the
community.
Table 9Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
in terms of Dialect
Dialect Frequency Percentage
Native B'laan 1 1.52
Ilonggo 2 3.02
Tagalog 1 1.52
Bisaya 60 90.92
Kaolo 2 3.02
Total 66 100
Table 9 presents that majority of the people uses Bisaya as the
dialect they use in communicating comprising a 90.92% of the total
households. Others use Ilonggo and Kaolo with both 3.02%. Native Blaan
and Tagalog are both used by 1.52% each of the total households.
It shows that Bisaya dialect is used by many families in order to
communicate which is a good indicator since people using common and
mutually accepted language or dialect will lead to understanding and
miscommunications will be avoided.
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Language is not only a vehicle for the expression of thoughts,
perceptions, sentiments, and values characteristic of a community; it also
represents a fundamental expression of social identity. Edward Sapir said:
"the mere fact of a common speech serves as a peculiar potent symbol of
the social solidarity of those who speak the language." In short, language
retention helps maintain feelings of cultural kinship (Sapir, 2000).
Table 10Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
in terms of Ethnicity
Ethinicity Frequency Percentage
B'laan 1 1.52
Cebuano 60 90.92
Tagalog 1 1.52
Ilonggo 2 3.02
Kaolo 2 3.02
Total 66 100
Table 10 shows that 90.92% of the households occupying the
community are Cebuanos. Ilonggo and Kaolo both comprise 3.02%
whereas Blaan and Tagalog both comprise 1.52% of the households.
Ethnicity of people has a big impact on the community since
members identify each other a common heritage consisting of a common
language, common culture, and common religion. Since Purok Balakayo
mosly have Cebuanos as occupants, it is not difficult for them to adapt and
intermingle with each other. Culture is a set of beliefs, values, and
assumptions about life that are widely held among a group of people and
that are transmitted across generations (Leininger, 2002).
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Culture develops over time and is resistant to change. It takes
many years for individuals to become familiar enough with what a
community has used to do or practice.
C. General Household Data
This section presents the demographic data of the community. This
includes the household compositions, age, sex, civil status, religion, and
educational attainment. These indicators serve as an initial data of the
community people from which health problems can be identified.
Distribution of Profile according to Age
Table 11 shows the frequency distribution of the residents in Purok
Balakayo in terms of age. Age refers to the length of years of an
individual living while gender talks about a range of characteristics
distinguishing between male and female, particularly in the cases of men
and women and the masculine and feminine attributes assigned to them.
The different level of age with its corresponding gender has its own
following effect in the societys status like in the socioeconomic area.
Almost of the population consists 29.64% of young adults with
17.14% male and 12.50%. The least age distribution is 2.14% wherein it
is under young old consisting of 1.06% both in male and female. The
infancy stage has a 3.93% over-all percentage with 2.50 % in female and
1.43% in male. Toddlerhood has 2.86% in female and 1.79% in male for a
total of 4.65%. In preschool, 3.93% were female and 2.50% male for a
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6.43% as a total percentage. There is a total of 17.15% in the school age
having 7.86% female and 9.29% male. The adolescence is comprised
with 6.43% female and 11.43 male and has its over-all percentage of
17.86%. Lastly is the middle adult having 7.86% distributed in female
while 10.36% for the male side and a total of 18.22%.
Table 11Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo in terms of
Age in relation to Gender
Age Gender Frequenc
y
Percentage
Neonatal (birth - 28 days)Female 0 0.00
Male 0 0.00
Infancy (1 month - 1 yr.)Female 7 2.50
Male 4 1.43
Toddlerhood (1.1 yr. - 3 yrs.)Female 8 2.86
Male 5 1.79
Preschool (3.1 yrs. - 6 yrs.)Female 11 3.93
Male 7 2.50
School Age (6.1 yrs. - 12 yrs.)Female 22 7.86
Male 26 9.29
Adolesence (12.1 yrs. - 20 yrs.)Female 18 6.43
Male 32 11.43
Young Adult (20.1 yrs - 40 yrs.)Female 35 12.50
Male 48 17.14
Middle Adult (40.1 yrs. - 65yrs.)
Female 22 7.86
Male 29 10.36
Young - Old (65.1 yrs. - 74 yrs.)Female 3 1.06
Male 3 1.06
Middle - Old (75 yrs. - 84 yrs.)
Female 0 0.00
Male 0 0.00
Old - Old (85 yrs. & above)Female 0 0.00
Male 0 0.00
Total 280 100
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The highest distribution in the age group belongs to males and
females in young adult stage while the least belongs to group of young-old
stage. Majority of the population is mostly composed of the productive
age. This implies that the community people are mostly able to support
their families by establishing their own occupation and livelihood.
Dependent individuals like those in infancy and young-old stage are
minimal.
The variation in age and gender group has a major effect in the
national status. Most of the people work and reach their productive life in
the age bracket of young adulthood from 20 to 40 years old. For the
female population during the young adulthood stage both works at an
organization or resides at home and does household chores. In the male
area, physical labor is the most common type of having an income like
being a construction worker. The population also consists of children and
teenagers wherein their first priority is to go to school and have their
education.
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Distribution of Profile according to Gender
The Distribution of profile according to gender is shown in Table 12.
It shows that there are more males than females showing a result of 55%
over 45%. This result is affected by the nature of occupation present in the
community.
In relation to the occupation, majority of males are farmers and the
community is dependent on their agricultural products. They are also the
breadwinners of their families since majority of the females are
housewives.
Table 12Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
In terms of Gender
Gender Frequency Percentage
Male 154 55.0
Female 126 45.0
Total 280 100
Distribution of Profile according to Number of Household Members
Table 13 shows that majority of the households have atleast 3 to 4
members comprising 45.45% of the total households. There are 24.24% of
the households with 1 to 2 members. 13.64% of the households have 5 to
6 members, 10.61% have 7 to 8 members, 3.02% have 9 to 10 members,
1.52% have 11-12 members, and another 1.52% of the households have
above 12 members.
Table 13
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Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms ofNumber of Household Members
No. of Household membersFrequenc
yPercentage
1 - 2 Members 16 24.243 - 4 Members 30 45.45
5 - 6 Members 9 13.64
7 - 8 Members 7 10.61
9 -10 Members 2 3.02
11 - 12 Members 1 1.52
Above 12 Members 1 1.52
Total 66 100
Family size can be a contributor to their social and economical
status. Financial conditional of family is profoundly related to the size of
the family. A living cost of large family is much higher than small family. A
large family has more expenses on the daily basic family needs whereas
expenses in small family are very low. A child in a small family receives
more support from their parents than in large family. In large family,
parents have many child to look after, thus they may experience difficulty
in giving their best support to everyone whereas in small family, parents
can give more support to children as they have only one or two children to
look after.Family size also affect the health, especially that of the mother and
child. Frequent pregnancies can cause illness to both mother and children.
It can disrupt the health of the women. It puts mothers and babies health
at risk.
Distribution of Profile according to Marital Status
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The marital status of an individual indicates the reproductive and
social status of a community. Developed countries are often observed with
married couples. The productive capacities of individuals are affected by
the marital status.
As shown in Table 14, the community are composed of children
from 0 to 12 years old females with 17.14% and males with 14.64%. The
population is also comprised of children from 13-17 years old females
with 5.36% and males with 6.07%.
Table 14Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
In terms of Marital Status
Marital Status Gender Frequency Percentage
SingleFemale 8 2.86
Male 33 11.79
Legally MarriedFemale 44 15.71
Male 49 17.50
Widowed
Female 3 1.07
Male 0 0.00
Divorced/SeparatedFemale 0 0.00
Male 0 0.00
Common LawFemale 11 3.93
Male 11 3.93
Child (0-12 Years Old)Female 48 17.14
Male 41 14.64
Child (13-17 Years Old-Youth Age)Female 15 5.36
Male 17 6.07
Total 280 100
The table shows that majority of the population belongs to those
who are legally married with 15.71% females and 17.50% males and the
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least are composed of 1.07% widowed females. There were no widowed
males as well as no separated couples.
It is clearly shown in the table that there were more males who are
single than the females which may affect the living status of the
community people in terms of marriage as well as economic aspects.
Marriage has its impact on the community especially on the
productivity of a certain household and its contribution on the economy of
the community. According to George Gilder, the engine that made the
economy run is marriage and family. It is because when one gets married,
he becomes more responsible, he settles down, and he focuses on work
in order to provide and support the needs of the family members.
Distribution of Profile according to Religion
Religion is a collection of cultural systems, beliefs, and world views
that establishes symbols that relate humanity to spirituality and,
sometimes, to moral values. They tend to derive morality, ethics, religious
laws or a preferred lifestyle from their ideas about the human nature.
As Table 15 shows above, there are a 57.14% being in a Roman
Catholic religion, 22.14% for Alliance, 6.07% for Bagong Jerusalem, 5%
for Seventh Day Adventist, 3.93% for having no religion, 3.57% for
Assembly of God, 1.43% for Jehovahs Witness and 0.72% for Islam.
There are 7 different religions present at the community.
Table 15
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Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms ofReligion
ReligionFrequenc
y Percentage
Alliance 62 22.14Assembly of God 10 3.57
Bagong Jerusalem 17 6.07
Islam 2 0.72
Roman Catholic 160 57.14
Seventh Day Adventist 14 5.00
None 11 3.93
Jehovah's Witness 4 1.43
Total 280 100
As a community, there are lots of diversities involved and one of it
is the religion. Everyone has a right to choose their own religion and
beliefs. But even there is a difference in religion still being connected to
the community through this diversity helps the people to communicate
their differences and learn from one another.
Distribution of Profile according to Educational Attainment
Educational attainment is a term commonly used by statisticians to
refer to the highest degree of education an individual has completed.
Having education is the main element in having a brighter future since
almost of the jobs offered after high school or college requires a diploma
or any certificates to be accepted. Another reason would be acquiring
knowledge needed in answering situations for the upcoming future.
Table 16Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of
Educational Attainment (General)
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Educational Attainment (General) Frequency Percentage
Kindergarten/Preparatory 9 3.21
Non-formal Education 2 0.71
Elementary Level 94 33.57
Elementary Graduate 35 12.50
Highschool Level 54 19.29
Highschool Graduate 42 15.00
Vocational Graduate 5 1.79
College Level 2 0.71
College Graduate 3 1.07
Masteral Level 1 0.36
Children (0 - 3 years old) 28 10.00
None 5 1.79
Total 280 100
As shown in Table 16 which focuses on the general type of
educational attainment, there are 33.57% who are in their elementary level
while there is a 0.36% who had his masteral level. With this tabulation, it
shows that almost of the people living in the area had reached elementary
level compared to finishing college. For this primary reason, most of the
jobs taken are laboring, farming or being a housewife.
For the specific type of educational attainment, 15.36% had
reached their 4th year level in high school and the least are in the 1 st - 3 rd
year of college, post-grad with units and the day care having a 0.36%.
Table 17Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents in terms of
Educational Attainment (Specific)
Educational Attainment (Specific) Frequency Percentage
No Grade Completed 34 12.14
Day Care 1 0.36
Kindergarten/Preparatory 8 2.86
Grade I 18 6.43
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Grade II 13 4.64
Grade III 17 6.07
Grade IV 16 5.71
Grade V 23 8.21
Grade VI 42 15.00
1st Year HS 19 6.792nd Year HS 18 6.43
3rd Year HS 15 5.36
4th Year HS 43 15.36
Vocational Graduate 4 1.43
Vocational level 2 0.71
1st Year College 1 0.36
2nd Year College 1 0.36
3rd Year College 1 0.36
4th Year College or Higher 3 1.07
Post Grad w/ Units 1 0.36
Phd Graduate/ Master's Course 0 0.00Total 280 100
The reason for not completing the secondary and tertiary level is
due to the poor economic status according to most of the perceptions of
the people during the surveys.
D. Economic Data
Communities today face real challenges in this globalizing world.
Jobs and incomes are all tied to a community economy's effectiveness,
dynamism, and resiliency.
This section presents the economic data of the community.
Economic data is best represented by money or wealth as reflected in
employment income, home ownership, and other financial assets.
Socioeconomic status is a critical factor in determining access to health
care and the development of some chronic health problems
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Distribution of Profile According to Occupation
Occupation of the people influences the socioeconomic status of
their community. When productive individuals within the suitable age of
work force practices their occupations, significant sustenance of their
every day needs are able to be fulfilled and quality of life is also enhanced.
Salaries from their work are substantial indicators of the socioeconomic
state of the family and to the allocation to the various need of the family
are also taken consideration.
Table 18 shows the occupation of female residents of Puork
Balakayo 25.58 % are housewives, 23.23% are students, 16.28 % were
children aging from 0-5 years old, farmers and housekeepers got an equal
percentage of 10.08 %, 6.98 % are storekeepers, 3.10% are
businesswomen,1.55 % are caretakers, and teacher, factory worker,
barangay volunteer and househelper got an equal percentage of 0.78%.
It shows that most mothers serve their role as plain housewives in
their family. They were responsible in rearing and caring the children. A
housewife is not only responsible for the physical well-being of her family,
but she actively involved herself in the productivity of the estate like
producing vegetables form the garden and raising animals.
Table 18Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
in terms of Occupation (Female)
Occupation (Female) Frequency Percentage
Housewife 33 25.58
None (0-5 yrs.old) 21 16.28
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Caretaker 2 1.55
Storekeeper 9 6.98
Farmer 13 10.08
Housekeeper 13 10.08
Business 4 3.10
Student 30 23.23
Teacher 1 0.78
Factory Worker 1 0.78
Barangay Volunteer 1 0.78
Househelper 1 0.78
Total 129 100
23. 23% of the female residents are composed of the students and
pupils. This means that this percentage is composed by nonworking age
groups. The wife's economic importance assured her a status which, in
practical terms, was close to being that of an equal partner with her
husband.
As compared to the females, there are more male occupants
present in the community. Table 19 presents the occupation of male
residents of Purok Balakayo. Being a farmer is the main occupation
representing 29.16% of the total population, 20.53 % are students, 15.89
% are caretakers, 11.26 % are children aging 0-5 years old, 7.95% are
unemployed and 15.21% is composed of other occupations.
Farming is a chief way of life in every country. People cannot live
without food, and nearly all their food comes from crops and animals
raised on farms.
Table 19Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
in terms of Occupation (Male)
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Occupation (Male) Frequency Percentage
None 12 7.95
None (0-5 yrs. old) 17 11.26
Caretaker 24 15.89
Storekeeper 4 2.65
Farmer 44 29.16
Business 4 2.65
Maintenance 2 1.32
Carpenter 2 1.32
Student 31 20.53
Pastor 2 1.32
Motorcycle Driver 3 1.99
Tractor Driver 1 0.66
Teacher 1 0.66
Construction Worker 2 1.32Company Driver 1 0.66
Dicer 1 0.66
Total 151 100
Distribution of Profile according to Sources of Income
Family income affects the ability of a family to meet their needs.
Basic needs should always be first prioritized. Budget planners in the
family are mostly the mothers and budgeting should appropriately manage
to have financial stability.
Table 20Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
in terms of Sources of Income
Source of IncomeFrequenc
yPercentage
Livestock and poultry raising 5 5.88
Crop farming and gardening 38 44.71
Business 9 10.59
Community, social and dental services 3 3.53
Transportation, storage and communication services 4 4.71
Construction 4 4.71
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Other Sources of IncomeFrequenc
yPercentage
Net Share of Crops, fruits and vegetablesproduced or livestock and poultry raised byother households
28 71.79
Rentals received from non-agriculturallands, buildings, spaces and otherproperties
1 2.56
Other sources not classified elsewhere 10 25.65
Total 39 100
Table 21 shows that the other sources of income among of the 39
households of Purok Balakayo had been mainly on Net share of crops,
fruits and vegetables produced or livestock and poultry raised by other
households. It comprised a total of 71.79%.
According to the community people, it is very necessary to have
sidelines or extra income in order to have money if harvest time is still not
around especially because majority of them depends on farming and
agriculture. This is also to help the women in the community who stays at
home to have their way of contributing in providing their families their
needs on a daily living basis as well as for them to feel their worth as
wives and mothers.
Distribution of Profile according to Estimated Monthly Income
Table 22
Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayoin terms of Estimated Monthly Income
Estimated Monthly Income Frequency Percentage
P1 - P2,500 15 22.73
P2, 501 - P5, 000 21 31.83
P5, 001 - P7, 500 10 15.15
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P7, 501 - P10, 000 5 7.57
P10, 001 - P12, 500 5 7.57
P12, 501 - P15, 000 4 6.06
P15, 001 and above 6 9.09
Total 66 100
Table 22 shows the estimated monthly income of the residents of
Purok Balakayo. 31.83% or majority of residents had a range of two
thousand five hundred one- five thousand pesos a month, 22.73% had
income of one to two thousand five hundred pesos, 15.15% had five
thousand one to seven thousand five hundred pesos, 9.09% had fifteen
thousand one and above pesos, 7.58% on both income ranges of seven
thousand five hundred one to ten thousand pesos and ten thousand one
to twelve thousand five hundred pesos and 6.06% had twelve thousand
five hundred one to fifteen thousand pesos.
This result is is due to the nature of the jobs present in the
community. Since they are mostly involved in farming for which they
agreed upon to be the most convenient way of earning for their family
considering the place and the accessibility of the resources in the area as
well as in prolonging their income stability through this farming.
Distribution of Profile according to Housing Ownership
Table 23 presents the housing ownership of residents in Purok
Balakayo. 34 households were tenanted comprising of 51.52% on the
overall percentage. 36.36% of residents own their houses while 12.12%
only rents a house.
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Table 23Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo
in terms of Housing Ownership
Housing Ownership Frequency Percentage
Rented 8 12.12
Owned 24 36.36
Tenanted 34 51.52
Total 66 100
This setting is due to the prominent people who own large hectares
of land in the area and gives the community people the opportunities to
help in its maintenance as well as to serve as guardians of the place
through hiring them as tenant farmers or caretakers.
Distribution of Profile according to Type of Housing
Table 24 presents the type of house found in the community.
Results revealed that 86.36% of the residents had ordinary houses. 9.09%
had concrete houses while 4.55% had scrap houses.
Table 24Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo
in terms of Type of Housing
Type of Housing Frequency Percentage
Concrete 6 9.09
Ordinary 57 86.36
Scrap 3 4.55
Total 66 100
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A house may be made up of different construction materials and
many factors affect the use of these materials. These may be due to its
cost, preference of the individual in charge of the construction, as well as
the durability of the materials that will be chosen and used.
The results are confirmed by the community people which they
think is due to their initiative to utilize the resources already present in
their community to build their houses and mostly of these resources are
bamboo, coconut lumber, and nipa.
Families with greater income are able to afford and buy cement,
hollow blocks, and other concrete materials for their houses.
Distribution of Profile according to Land Ownership
Table 25 shows the land ownership of residents in the community.
46.97% of the residents were tenants of the lands, 33.33% owned them,
12.12% of the lands were not owned by the family but they served as
stewards and 7.58% only rented the land where they lived.
Table 25Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo
in terms of Land Ownership
Land Ownership Frequency Percentage
Owned 22 33.33
Rented 5 7.58
Tenanted 31 46.97
Stewards 8 12.12
Total 66 100
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This result is due to the more prominent persons buying large
hectares of land and open opportunities for other community people to
have work and to have a place to stay in as mentioned by them. Those
who already owned a land at the Purok are believed to be the first settlers
in the community and others had it passed over the generations within
their family.
Distribution of Profile according to Type of Land
Table 26 presents the type of land in the community where the
residents live. Data showed that 100% of the residents live on a rolling
type of land. This is due to the geographical location and set up of the
community since they are on mountainous terrains.
Table 26Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo
in terms of Type of Land
Type of Land Frequency Percentage
Plain 0 0
Rolling 66 100
Total 66 100
Distribution of Profile according to Appliances
An appliance is one of the indicators of the status of life of a family
in a community. The cost of living will greatly be affected and eventually
will increase as these appliances bring convenience to the family as well
as leisure.
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As shown in Table 27, most of the families have their televisions
comprising 27.62% of the residents. Following televisions, are radio
casettes which make up 22.86% of the population. There are residents
who do not have appliances in their homes and they account for 13.33%
which all have common reason absence of electricity. 9.52% each for
those with refrigerator as well as electric fans. There is a percentage of
4.76 for those with stero/component. 3.81% each for the residents with
karaoke and electric iron. 1.90% comprises the residents wiith
CD/VCD/DVD Player. Lastly, 0.95% each for those with LPG gas
stove/range, washing machine, and personal computer.
The people who have electricity utilize their appliances based on
their needs. Most of them have television and radio. These are both used
for news update as well as for leisure and fun.
Table 27Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo
in terms of Appliances
Household Appliances Frequency Percentage
Radio/ Radio Casette 24 22.86
Television 29 27.62
CD/VCD/DVD player 2 1.90
Stereo/Component 5 4.76
Karaoke 4 3.81
Refrigerator/Freezer 10 9.52
Electric fan 10 9.52
Electric Iron 4 3.81
LPG gas stove/range 1 0.95
Washing machine 1 0.95
Personal Computer 1 0.95
None 14 13.33
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Total 105 100
Distribution of Profile according to Household Gadgets
Aside from the number of appliances being an indicator of the
status of life of a family in a community, it could also be gadgets to which
will identify the status of ones family in the community.
As table 28 shows, there were 46 residents who have cellphones
making up a 68.66% of the total. 20 residents do not have any kind of
gadgets.
Table 28Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo
in terms of Gadgets
Household Gadgets Frequency Percentage
Cellphone 46 68.66
Printer 1 1.49
None 20 29.85
Total 67 100
However, there is 1 who have a printer in the community making it
1.49% of the population.These all make life easy and convenient.
Distribution of Profile according to Animal Raising
From livstock to poultry, there are many animals that benefit man in
a form of animal husbandry. The methods of raising animals varied in
different fields of animal husbandry until those effective and efficient
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Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayoin terms of Animal Raising
Animal Raising Frequency Percentage
Carabao 9 9.67
Cow 9 9.67Pigs 6 6.45
Horses 2 2.15
Chicken 24 25.81
Chicken for egg laying 19 20.43
Rooster 3 3.23
Ducks 1 1.08
Goat 13 13.98
None 7 7.53
Total 93 100
Distribution of Profile according to Transportation Facilities
A means of transport is an important aspect in living, especially if
an individual needs to get around a far off distance. Transportation has
been improving over the years and its impact on the society is great. By
the help of transportation, prompt transfer of people, goods, and services
are faster and even more convenient.
Table 30 shows the frequency of transportation facilities used in the
community. 56.06% of the residents rented their own transportation facility
wherein they pay for them. 33.33% had their own transportation facility;
and 4.55% of the residents had a transportation facility that was lended to
them. There were four (4) households who had no owned, rented or
lended transportation facility. These comprised of 6.06% on the overall
percentage scores.
Table 30
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Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayoin terms of Transportation Facilities
Transportation Facilities Frequency Percentage
Owned 22 33.33
Rented 37 56.06Lended 3 4.55
None 4 6.06
Total 66 100
Majority of the community people rent their transportation facilities.
This, according to them, is due to some financial constraints and their
manner of budgeting. They prioritize other needs than their transportation.
As for them, they need to allocate their budget more on food, education,
as well as on their organizations specifically FRAME.
Distribution of Profile according to Mode of Transport
Table 31Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo
in terms of Mode of Transport
Mode of TransportFrequenc
yPercentage
By foot 4 6.06
Bicycle 2 3.03
Habal-Habal 21 31.82
Motorcycle 38 57.57
Car 1 1.52
Total 66 100
The table shows the mode of transport used in the community.
Motorcycle was commonly used comprising of 57.57% on the overall
percentage scores. It was followed by Habal-habal (a term referring on a
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assistance of the motorcycle driver) with 31.82%; by foot with 6.06%;
bicycle with 3.03%; and car with 1.52%.
The community people confirmed that the fastest and most
convenient mode of transport is the utilization of motorcycles.
E. Medical Profile of the
Community
This section of the study deals about the entire medical profile of
the community in terms of how the people seek for their medical needs.
Distribution of Profile according to Immediate Source of Medical
Care (Institution)
Table 32Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo
in terms of Immediate Source of Medical Care (Institution)
Immediate Source of Medical Care(Institution)
Frequency Percentage
BHC 41 50.00
Private Clinics 7 8.54
Hospital 20 24.39
None (Self-medication) 14 17.07Total 82 100
The table presents the source of medical care (Institution)
commonly chosen by the residents of the community. Based on the results
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gathered, 50.0% chose Barangay Health Center, 24.39% chose Hospital
and 8.54% chose Private Clinics. However, 17.07% of the residents used
not to go to any health institution instead prompted to self-medication.
This may imply that people in the community are oriented with the
services offered by BHS. On the other hand, this may also imply that most
of the community people have financial instability and are not capable of
consulting private practitioner because of the fee. The distance between
the community and the city proper is also a factor that had hindered them
in seeking medical attention in hospitals and private clinics.
Distribution of Profile according to Immediate Source of Medical
Care (Personnel)
Table 33Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo
in terms of Immediate Source of Medical Care (Personnel)
Immediate Source of MedicalCare (Person) Frequency Percentage
RHM 1 1.35
BHW 9 12.16
CHO Doctors 2 2.70
Hospital Doctors 22 29.73
Trained Hilot 1 1.35
Traditional Hilot 31 41.89
None (Self-medication) 8 10.81
Total 74 100
The table presents the source of medical care in terms of
personnel. Based on the results, residents commonly consult to traditional
hilots with 41.89%, hospital doctors with 29.73%, barangay health workers
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(BHW) with 12.16%, community health organization doctors (CHO
doctors) with 2.70%, and both rural health midwife (RHM) and trained hilot
with 1.35%. There were also residents who did not seek and consult to
any health personnel with 10.81%.
This implies that most of the community people are still engaging in
traditional way of managing illnesses. Health services and health
personnel should always be very available so that people can avail the
proper management to specific health problems.
Distribution of Profile according to Nutritional Status
Table 34Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo
in terms of Nutritional Status
AgeNutritional
StatusFrequency Percentage
Neonatal (birth - 28 days)
Below Normal 0 0
Normal 0 0
Above Normal 0 0
Infancy (1 months - 1 yr.)
Below Normal 2 4.76
Normal 4 9.52
Above Normal 0 0
Toddlerhood (1.1 yr. - 3 yrs.)
Below Normal 7 16.67
Normal 10 23.81
Above Normal 0 0
Preschool (3.1 yrs. - 6 yrs.)
Below Normal 11 26.19
Normal 8 19.05
Above Normal 0 0Total 42 100
The table presents the nutritional status of children aging 0-6 year
old. 26.83% from the preschool (3.1 yrs. - 6 yrs.) is below normal and
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19.51% is normal. In toddler stage, 21.95% is normal and 17.07% is below
normal. 9.76% from the infancy stage is normal and 4.88% is below
normal.
Majority of the children belonging to preschool age group are with
below normal body mass index. Malnutrition is the condition by an
improper balance between what an individual eats and what he requires to
maintain health. This can result from eating too little or may also imply an
incorrect balance of basic foodstuffs such as protein, fat, and
carbohdrates.
According to the community people, this may have been resulted
from eating too much junk foods and the lack of motivation for the children
to eat right especially when vegetables are being served. If not given
attention, this will likely affect the familys financial, emotional, physical,
and spiritual status and eventually may become one of the communitys
health deficits.
Distribution of Profile according to Pregnancy Status
Table 35Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo
in terms of Pregnancy Status
Pregnancy Status Frequency Percentage
Yes 1 1.85No 53 98.15
Total 54 100
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The table presents the pregnancy status of females on reproductive
age. 1 out of 54 females or 1.85% are pregnant while 53 or 98.15% were
not pregnant.
Pregnancy is a way of knowing the birth rate of ones population
and a factor for one community to endure and continue their way of life.
The community people agreed that in order to meet the needs of women,
there should be an access facility based care during pregnancy, childbirth,
and after the delivery. However, they also believe that this would be a long
term project. Strengthening them through community services would be of
big help to them especially to the nursing mothers.
Distribution of Profile according to Lactation
Table 36Frequency Distribution of Residents of Purok Balakayo
in terms of Lactation
Lactating Frequency Percentage
Yes 7 63.63
No 4 36.34
Total 11 100
The table shows that 63.63% of mothers with children below 1 year
old are breastfeeding their infants while the remaining 36.64% do bottle
feeding.
The mothers in the community had already acquired information
regarding the advantages of breastfeeding over formula feeding. They
believe that it is healthier if milk is given naturally to provide immunity to
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infections. They all agreed that this also promotes a maternal-infant
bonding. Moreover, this is the most convenient and inexpensive way of
providing what is best for their babies.
Distribution of Profile according to Deworming
Table 37 shows the deworming status of children aging 5-12 years
old age. 87.04% of the children are dewormed and 12.96% are not
dewormed.
Table 37
Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residentsin terms of Deworming
Deworming Data (5-12 years old) Frequency Percentage
Yes 47 87.04
No 7 12.96
Total 54 100
The results gathered implies that the community has improved
system of deworming children ages 5 to 12 years old. This was confirmed
by the residents since the elementary school present in their area provides
the children deworming services every 6 months.
School-age children typically have the highest intensity of worm
infection of any age group. In addition, the most cost-effective way to
deliver deworming procedure regularly to children is through schools
because schools offer a readily available, extensive and sustained
infrastructure with a skilled workforce that is in close contact with the
community. Regular deworming contributes to good health and nutrition
for children of school age, which in turn leads to increased attendance,
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reduced class repetition, and increased educational attainment
(www.who.int/wormcontrol).
Distribution of Profile according to Family Planning
According to World Health Organization, Family Planning allows
people to attain their desired number of children and determine the
spacing of pregnancies and it is achieved through use of contraceptive
methods.
Table 38 shows that majority of the respondents are acceptors of
family planning methods and are continuously practicing it and comprises
40.91% of the total percentage.
Table 38Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
in terms of Family Planning
Family Planning Frequency Percentage
AcceptorContinuous 27 40.91
Not Continuous 6 9.09
Not Acceptor 33 50.00
Total 66 100
12.12% are acceptors but are not continuous user of family
planning methods. 46.97% are not acceptor of family planning methods.
According to the majority of the couples in the community, it is still up for
both partners to decide whether or not to consider family planning. As
most of them are acceptors of family planning, their primary reason falls
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within lifes crisis. Since majority agreed that nowadays, people tend to be
practical and reasonable.
Distribution of Profile according to Family Planning Methods
According to the acceptors of family planning, the method to be
used should be talked about and decided by the couple themselves.
With the assistance of health education, there are factors for them
to consider on the appropriate method to be used which includes age of
the woman, woman's reproductive stage, the effectiveness of a method,
their health status and their personal considerations.
Table 39 presents the family planning methods used by couples of
Purok Balakayo. Most of the couples used pills comprising 66.67% of the
total percentage, 21.21% uses IUD, and 12.12% uses Depo-provera. The
reason for most mothers to use pills is that they are inexpensive as well as
they are easy to avail and take.
Table 39Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
in terms of Family Planning Methods
Family Planning Mehtod Use Frequency Percentage
IUD 7 21.21
Pills 22 66.67
Depo 4 12.12
Total 33 100
Distribution of Profile according to Supply of Water
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A safe, reliable, affordable, and easily accessible water supply is
essential for good health, but for several decades almost 1 billion people
in developing countries have lacked access to such a supply.
A poor water supply impacts health by causing acute infectious
diarrhea, repeat or chronic diarrhea episodes (Hunter, et. al, 2010).
Table 40Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
in terms of Water Supply
Water Supply Frequency PercentageBought 49 74.24
Free 17 25.76
Total 66 100
Table 40 shows the water supply used by the residents of Purok
Balakayo. 74.24% of the total percentage bought their water while 25.76%
have free water supply.
The people of Purok Balakayo believe that proper maintenance and
storage of their water sources and supply is vital. They also agreed that it
can greatly affect their health by the maintenance of personal hygiene and
its use in their daily living.
Distribution of Profile according to Source of Drinking Water
Table 41Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
in terms of Source of Drinking Water
Source of Drinking Water Supply Frequency Percentage
Bodies of Water 1 1.52
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Bottled/Purified/Distilled Water 4 6.05
Dug Well 1 1.52
Pipe System 60 90.91
Total 66 100
Table 41 presents the source of drinking water supply of the
households. Most of the household uses pipe system as their source of
drinking water comprising 90.91% of the total households, 6.05% uses
bottled water, and 1.52% from bodies of water and dug well.
Since majority of the people utilize the pipe system, use of boiling
process is necessary according to them. They knew for the fact that this
will make their water safe by its ability to remove undesirable
contaminants from the water.
Distribution of Profile according to Water Container Used
Table 42Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
in terms of Water Container Used
Water Container UsedFrequenc
yPercentage
With Cover 61 92.42
Without Cover 5 7.58
Total 66 100
The table presents the water container used by the residents of
Purok Balakayo. 92.42% of the water containers used by the residents
have covers while 7.58% uses containers without covers.
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According to the community people, covered water containers are
important for keeping their water supplies free of bacteria and other
harmful entities.
For them, keeping it in a clean, sealed container is a simple way of
saving their family members lives from any sickness that may acquire
from using contaminated water.
Distribution of Profile according to Toilet Ownership
Table 43 presents the toilet ownership of the residents. It shows
that 36.36% of the household does not have toilet facility and uses/ shares
other toilet facility, 28.79% owns toilets, 21.21% owns a toilet and shares
it to other household, and 13.64% does not have any toilet facility.
Table 43Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
in terms of Toilet Ownership
Toilet OwnershipFrequenc
yPercentage
Owned 19 28.79
Owned & Shared 14 21.21
None & Shared 24 36.36
None/Anywhere 9 13.64
Total 66 100
The people is aware of their condition as per toilet ownership.
However, they hold the same opinion that this type of project is costly and
they will be needing assistance.
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They know that household sanitation is first and foremost a
household responsibility and must be demand-responsive. They were able
to recognize the need for an action since they know for themselves that
shared ownership over a toilet facility is a threat to their own health.
Distribution of Profile according to Toilet Facilities
Table 44 presents the type of toilet facilities used by each
household. It shows that most of the household have water sealed type of
toilet which comprises 86.36%, 12.12% have unsanitary way of disposing
their wastes while 1.52% uses pit privy type of toilet facility.
Table 44Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
in terms of Toilet Facilities
Type of Toilet Facilities Frequency Percentage
Water Sealed 57 86.36
Pit Privy 1 1.52
Unsanitary 8 12.12Total 66 100
Majority has the water-sealed type of toilet facility not only for the
reason that it increases user convenience but also in regards to its affect
to their health since the use of water eliminates odor and washes away
the contents of the pit.
According to the people, it is easier for them to use he pour-flush.
Sometimes, they utilize the so-called household waste water from their
dishes. It is readily available and inexpensive. It is also according to them
that water-sealed type removes their childrens fear of falling into the pit.
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Distribution of Profile according to Drainage System
Table 45 presents the type of drainage system of the households in
Purok Balakayo. 50% of the household have an open drainage system
and 46.97% does not have drainage system. Thoes with blind drainage
system were comprised of 3.03% of the total household.
Table 45Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
in terms of Drainage System
Drainage System Frequency PercentageOpen 33 50
Blind 2 3.03
None 31 46.97
Total 66 100
Open ditches are common among rural areas. People creates a
long, narrow excavation in order for their household waste water to flow.
However, those with trees and weed growth along the ditch slow down the
water, causing excessive silting reducing the ditch capapcity. Thus, they
have to clear them from the channel. Stagnant waters could turn into
reservoir for the mosquitos to breed and reproduce threatening the health
of the people living near this ditches. In order to avoid this kind of
circumstance, the people collect their household waste water and use
them to water their plants instead.
Distribution of Profile according to Garbage Disposal
Table 46Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
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in terms of Garbage Disposal
Garbage Disposal Frequency Percentage
Compost Pit 6 6.32
Anywhere 2 2.11
Burying 8 8.42
Burning 39 41.05
Dumping 10 10.53
Garbage Collector 30 31.57
Total 95 100
Table 46 shows the garbage disposal commonly practiced by the
residents of the community. Based on the results gathered, 41.05% of the
community practices burning, followed by the method of garbage
collecting with a percentage of 31.57, next is dumping of garbages which
comprises 10.53%, and 8.42% for burying. 6.32% disposes their garbage
at the compost pit and lastly, there were 2 households or 2.11% whose
garbage were disposed anywhere within the community premises.
Proper waste disposal is one way of preventing the community from
acquiring diseases. That is why, it is very significant that every household
should practice this. Based on the result, most of them are just burning
their garbage. This may imply hazard in terms of their health since they
will be inhaling the smoke produced by burning and also, it contributes to
the damaging of the ozone layer.
Distribution of Profile according to Garbage Container
Table 47Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
in terms of Garbage Container
Garbage Container Frequency Percentage
With Cover 7 10.61
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Without Cover 59 89.39
Total 66 100
Table 47 shows the frequency distribution of Purok Balakayo
residents in terms of garbage container with or without cover. There were
59 households or 89.39% who does not use garbage container with cover.
On the other hand, there were 10.61% of the total households who uses
garbage containers with covers.
Based on the results gathered, majority of the family have
containers without cover and only few are using garbage containers with
cover. This may indicate that most of the families are not aware of the
relevance of proper waste disposal in preventing diseases and needs
proper health education regrding this matter.
Distribution of Profile according to Recycling
Table 48 shows the frequency distribution of Purok Balakayo
residents in terms of recycling. There were 59.09% or 39 households
answered yes while there were 40.91% answered no which it indicates
that most of them practice recycling.
Table 48Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
in terms of Recycling
RecyclingFrequenc
yPercentage
Yes 39 59.09
No 27 40.91
Total 66 100
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This indicates that the people in the community are aware of the
importance of recycling in propagating a healthy environment. More than
50% of them are practicing this and it is a good indicator that this
percentage could increase with proper education.
Distribution of Profile according to Alcohol Drinking
Table 49Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
in terms of Alcohol Drinking
Alcohol Drinking Frequency Percentage
Occasional Mild Drinker ( 1 glass once ortwice /month
13 4.64
Occasional Moderate ( 2 glass once ortwice /month
31 11.07
Occasional Heavy Drinker (> 2 glass onceor twice/ month)
20 7.14
Mild Drinker ( 1 glass/ day) 12 4.29
Moderate Drinker ( 2 glasses/ day) 1 0.36
Heavy Drinker (> 2 glasses/ day) 1 0.36
None 202 72.14
Total 280 100
Table 49 shows the frequency distribution of Purok Balakayo
Residents in terms of alcohol drinking. Based on the results gathered,
there are 72.14% none drinkers, 11.07% occasional moderate drinkers (
2 glass once or twice /month), 7.14% for occasional heavy drinkers (> 2
glass once or twice/ month), 4.64% occasional mild drinkers ( 1 glass
once or twice /month) and 0.36% for the mild drinker and moderate
drinker.
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Based on the results gathered, majority of them are none drinkers
which indicates that the people in the community are not used to drink
alcohol and they are aware of what are those disadvantages or effects of
alcohol to their health and they perceived that too much drinking alcohol is
bad for their health.
Distribution of Profile according to Cigarette Smoking
Table 50Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
in terms of Cigarette Smoking
Smoking Frequency PercentageMild Smoking (1-3 cigarretes/ day) 32 11.42
Moderate Smoking (4-6 cigarretes/ day) 19 6.79
Heavy Smoking (> cigarretes/ day) 19 6.79
None 210 75
Total 280 100
The table shows the frequency distribution of Purok Balakayo
residents in terms of cigarette smoking. There are 75% who are none
smokers, followed by 11.42% for mild smokers (1-3 cigarettes/ day), 6.79
% for moderate and heavy smokers.
A big percentage of none smokers are there in the community
which indicates that majority of them are aware of the ill effects of smoking
that is why they are not engaging to it but the remaining 25% percent of
smokers is still an alarming number. This implies that proper education
regarding this matter should also be emphasized since even those none
smokers are predisposed to illnesses that smoking may give through
passive smoking.
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Distribution of Profile according to Common Illnesses
Table 51 presents the frequency distribution of Purok Balakayo
residents in terms of common illnesses. Based on the results gathered,
there are 36.84% for diarrhea and hypertension, 10.54% for amoebiasis
and 5.26% for goiter, cyst and complication during pregnancy or childbirth.
Table 51Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
in terms of Common Illnesses
Common Illness (From January2011 onwards) Frequency Percentage
Diarrhea 7 36.84
Hypertension 7 36.84
Goiter 1 5.26
Cyst 1 5.26
Complications during pregnacy or childbirth 1 5.26
Amoebiasis 2 10.54
Total 19 100
This indicated that there were nineteen (19) persons being
identified to experience illnesses in the community starting from January
2011 until its third quarter of the same year. These illnesses could serve
as foundation and logic of interventions in public health and preventive
medicine. With proper education and management and referral system on
these illnesses, possible risks and complications as well as expensive
hospitalization may be prevented.
Distribution of Profile according to Common Manifestations
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Table 52 presents the frequency distribution residents in terms of
common manifestations. The most common manifestation experienced by
the community was fever with a percentage of 37.50%, followed by colds
with a percentage of 23.03%, 22.37% for the cough, next is the loose
bowel stools with 8.55%, 7.89% for the rashes and lastly for the abdominal
pain with a percentage of 0.66%.
Table 52Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
in terms of Common Manifestations
Common Manifestations(From January 2011 onwards)
Frequency Percentage
Fever 57 37.50
Cold 35 23.03
Loose bowel stools 13 8.55
Abdominal Pain 1 0.66
Cough 34 22.37
Rashes 12 7.89
Total 152 100
Based on the gathered data, most people in the community
experience fever, cold and cough. These common manifestations could be
an early indication of a possible or existing illness. With proper education
and intervention on these manifestations encountered, possible risks and
complications may be prevented and less expensive medical care and
further hospitalization may happen.
Distribution of Profile according to Causes of Death
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Table 53 shows the frequency distribution of Purok Balakayo
residents in terms of cause of death. Based on the result tallied, the most
common cause of death is premature delivery and abortion d/t
preeclampsia with a percentage of 21.43%, followed by the pneumonia
with a percentage of 14.29% and 7.14% for the fall, dehydration, liver
disease, heart attack, brain tumor and ulcer.
Table 53Frequency Distribution of Purok Balakayo Residents
in terms of Causes of Death
Cause of Death in the Family Frequency Percentage
Pneumonia 2 14.29
Premature Delivery 3 21.43
Abortion d/t preeclampsia 3 21.43
Fall 1 7.14
Dehydration 1 7.14
Liver Disease 1 7.14
Heart Attack 1 7.14
Brain Tumor 1 7.14
Ulcer 1 7.14Total 14 100
Based on the gathered data, the leading causes of death in the
community were preventable if proper referral system, regular
medical/prenatal check-up and proper educations on health management
were given emphasis. Although there were only fourteen cases of death
being identified these could be possible indication on what health care
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