COMMUNICATION
What ? What ?
Communication is the process of exchanging ideas, Communication is the process of exchanging ideas, information, facts, opinions, feelings or emotions, information, facts, opinions, feelings or emotions, between persons. between persons.
ART OF CONVEYING WHAT WE WANT MAKING OTHERS UNDERSTAND WHAT WE HAVE IN OUR MIND THROUGH SOUNDS, WORDS, GESTURES OR PICTURES
Why ?Why ?
The purpose of communication is transferring The purpose of communication is transferring
information, creating understanding, and influencing information, creating understanding, and influencing
behaviour. It should result in the expected actions / behaviour. It should result in the expected actions /
performance.performance.
MAN IS A SOCIAL ANIMAL. HE CANNOT LIVE ALONE
INTER DEPENDENCY TO SURVIVE
SELLING YOUR IDEAS AND FORWARDING YOUR REQUESTS
TO GET YOUR JOBS DONE BY OTHERS
SENDERMESSAGE
MEDIACHANNEL
RECEIVERMESSAGE
FEED BACK
IdeasIdeas
InformationInformation
FactsFacts
KnowledgeKnowledge
Speech Speech
WritingWritingSymbols /Symbols /GesturesGestures
GraphicsGraphics
Listening Listening
Reading Reading
ObservingObserving
InterpretingInterpreting
FINISHED FILES ARE THE RESULT FINISHED FILES ARE THE RESULT OF YEARS OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF YEARS OF SCIENTIFIC STUDY
COMBINED WITH THE EXPERIENCE COMBINED WITH THE EXPERIENCE OF MANY YEARSOF MANY YEARS..
Count the Number of F’s
We spent 95% of our time in communicating of
which, we spent
50% in listening.
35% in talking,
10% in reading,
5% in writing.
(This percentage may vary from person to person
and occupation to occupation)
We rememberWe remember
10% of what we hear,10% of what we hear,
20% of what we read,20% of what we read,
30% of what we see,30% of what we see,
50% of what we see & hear,50% of what we see & hear,
70% of what we see, hear, & discuss70% of what we see, hear, & discuss
90% of what we see, hear, discuss, & do.90% of what we see, hear, discuss, & do.
((We forget 50% of what we hear immediately We forget 50% of what we hear immediately
after ten minutes. We forget 75% in 48 after ten minutes. We forget 75% in 48
hours. hours. To improve retention levels try a mix )To improve retention levels try a mix )
WHY WE ARE THE WAY WE AREWHY WE ARE THE WAY WE ARE
REASONS FOR OUR REASONS FOR OUR BEHAVIOURAL BEHAVIOURAL PATTERNPATTERN
Fear of Failure / Fear of Fear of Failure / Fear of shame – Reason for poor shame – Reason for poor communication skillscommunication skills
TYPES OF COMMUNICATIONTYPES OF COMMUNICATION
1.1. Verbal CommunicationVerbal Communication
2.2. Written CommunicationWritten Communication
3.3. Body Language Body Language
Visual communication, audio communication, Visual communication, audio communication,
audio-visual communication and mass audio-visual communication and mass
communication, are variations of the above types communication, are variations of the above types
VERBAL COMMUNICATIONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
Verbal communication is communicating by word of Verbal communication is communicating by word of
mouth. We spend most of our time speaking to people and mouth. We spend most of our time speaking to people and
listening to people. listening to people.
Verbal communication requires skills in Verbal communication requires skills in
Vocabulary Vocabulary
PronunciationPronunciation
Grammar Grammar
Listening Listening
Understanding the listeners language abilitiesUnderstanding the listeners language abilities
Language, a tool for Communication
Basically, language is the strongest mode of Basically, language is the strongest mode of
communication. communication.
English being the most accepted language every English being the most accepted language every
where, it is very useful to be good at it.where, it is very useful to be good at it.
Good verbal English is very essential in today’s Good verbal English is very essential in today’s
world. Learning to speak English by it’s original world. Learning to speak English by it’s original
sounds and accent can make a big difference.sounds and accent can make a big difference.
To be good at a language, one should be a good at To be good at a language, one should be a good at
grammar of the language, should have a rich vocabulary,grammar of the language, should have a rich vocabulary,
diction, good writing skills and good fluency.diction, good writing skills and good fluency.
THE PROBLEMS WITH WORDSTHE PROBLEMS WITH WORDS
Meanings are in persons and not in wordsMeanings are in persons and not in words
Different meanings for the same wordDifferent meanings for the same word
Unfamiliar for receiverUnfamiliar for receiver
Different contexts change the meaningsDifferent contexts change the meanings
Language can itself be a barrier to Language can itself be a barrier to
communication. England and America are two communication. England and America are two
Nations, divided by the same language Nations, divided by the same language
FOUR COMMANDMENTS FOR VERBAL COMMUNICATIONFOUR COMMANDMENTS FOR VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Be briefBe brief
Be originalBe original
Be Specific Be Specific
Change gearsChange gears
PRINCIPLES OF GOOD VERBAL COMMUNICATIONPRINCIPLES OF GOOD VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Principle of clarityPrinciple of clarity
Principle of integrityPrinciple of integrity
Use of grapevineUse of grapevine
Feedback (fail-safe)Feedback (fail-safe)
Use of body languageUse of body language
Principle of empathyPrinciple of empathy
ADVANTAGES OF VERBAL COMMUNICATIONADVANTAGES OF VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Is informal Is informal
Is quick and saves timeIs quick and saves time
Is more forceful Is more forceful
Coveys shades of meaningCoveys shades of meaning
Direct response and reaction is possible to seeDirect response and reaction is possible to see
Promotes closenessPromotes closeness
Feedback, clarification and correction is immediateFeedback, clarification and correction is immediate
More effective with groupsMore effective with groups
DISADVANTAGES OF VERBAL COMMUNICATIONDISADVANTAGES OF VERBAL COMMUNICATION
Not possible for distant people
Unsuitable for lengthy messages
Cannot be retained for long
No legal validity
Difficult to fix responsibility
Likely to be vague
Likely to be indefinite
HINTS FOR EFFECTIVE VERBAL COMMUNICATIONHINTS FOR EFFECTIVE VERBAL COMMUNICATION
a) Use voice effectivelya) Use voice effectively
Volume Volume
Pitch & tone Pitch & tone
Pace & rhythm Pace & rhythm
Clear pronunciation & articulationClear pronunciation & articulation
Emphasis on key pointsEmphasis on key points
b) Use non-verbal messagesb) Use non-verbal messages
Eye contactEye contact
PosturePosture
Facial expressionFacial expression
Appropriate shapeAppropriate shape
c) Structure messagec) Structure message
Plan the message
Use appropriate vocabulary
Gear content to listener’s level
Logical, easy to follow
Using visual aids.
d) Eliminate random noised) Eliminate random noise
No humming and hawing No humming and hawing
No interruption in thoughtNo interruption in thought
Stay on topicStay on topic
No mannerismsNo mannerisms
Vocal tone in harmony with messageVocal tone in harmony with message
S.NoS.No Myths Myths RealitiesRealities
1 Communicate consciously / deliberately
Communicate unconsciously all the time
2 Communicate primarily through words
Communicate through verbal as well as non-verbal signs
3 Words mean the same to everyone
Meaning of words lies more in perception of reality
4 Communication is a one-sided process
Communication is a two-way process
5 Message sent and message received are identical
Transmission and reception of message can never identical
Myths and Realities of CommunicationMyths and Realities of Communication
LISTENING SKILLS
(a problem with verbal communication)
We forget 50% of what we hear immediately after We forget 50% of what we hear immediately after
ten minutes. We forget 75% in 48 hoursten minutes. We forget 75% in 48 hours
Good listening improves retention level. Good listening improves retention level.
The biggest block to verbal communication The biggest block to verbal communication
is the difficulty in listening intelligently, is the difficulty in listening intelligently,
understandingly and skillfullyunderstandingly and skillfully
WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONWRITTEN COMMUNICATION
The saying that the pen is mightier than the sword, The saying that the pen is mightier than the sword,
imply the power of written communication.imply the power of written communication.
Good writing is an art.Good writing is an art.
A well written work gives credit and happiness to its A well written work gives credit and happiness to its
writer and a reader enjoys reading it.writer and a reader enjoys reading it.
Written communication is very important; as important Written communication is very important; as important
as verbal communication;as verbal communication; more important in safety
communication
Examples of Written Safety Communication :Examples of Written Safety Communication :
Safety Policy, Acts, Rules, Regulations, Lock Safety Policy, Acts, Rules, Regulations, Lock
out Procedures, Warning Signs, Notices & out Procedures, Warning Signs, Notices &
Posters, Handouts, Safety Manuals, Posters, Handouts, Safety Manuals,
Accident Statistics, Code of Practice, Accident Statistics, Code of Practice,
Articles, Essays, Safety Audit Reports, Articles, Essays, Safety Audit Reports,
Thesis, Technical reports, CVs., Memos, Thesis, Technical reports, CVs., Memos,
Letters, Circulars, Government orders, Letters, Circulars, Government orders,
MoUs, Financial statements etc.MoUs, Financial statements etc.
SKILL REQUIRED FOR GOOD WRITINGSKILL REQUIRED FOR GOOD WRITING
• Rich vocabulary (Word power) Rich vocabulary (Word power)
• Knowledge of language grammar, Knowledge of language grammar, composition, para-phrasingcomposition, para-phrasing
• Choosing right wordsChoosing right words
• Clarity of thinking and ideation Clarity of thinking and ideation
• Command of the languageCommand of the language
TO IMPROVE WRITTEN COMMUNICATION SKILLSTO IMPROVE WRITTEN COMMUNICATION SKILLS
• Read dictionaries Read dictionaries
• Improve grammar and language skills Improve grammar and language skills
• Read accredited news papersRead accredited news papers
• Read books on world wars, quotations, Read books on world wars, quotations, proverbs etc.proverbs etc.
• Read famous literary worksRead famous literary works
• Read editorials and book reviews Read editorials and book reviews
• Write articles, essays etc.Write articles, essays etc.
PRINCIPLES OF GOOD WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONPRINCIPLES OF GOOD WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
Free from grammar mistakesFree from grammar mistakes
Free from spelling mistakesFree from spelling mistakes
Correct punctuationCorrect punctuation
No redundancyNo redundancy
No wordinessNo wordiness
Simple and shortSimple and short
ADVANTAGES OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
More formalMore formal
AccurateAccurate
Permanent record Permanent record
Legal validity Legal validity
Can be consulted repeatedly Can be consulted repeatedly
Easy to fix responsibility Easy to fix responsibility
Definite attentionDefinite attention
Cannot be distortedCannot be distorted
DISADVANTAGES OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATIONDISADVANTAGES OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION
Time consuming Time consuming
Expensive Expensive
Quick clarification not possible Quick clarification not possible
Language barriers Language barriers
Cannot be used for communicating with Cannot be used for communicating with
unlettered personsunlettered persons
BODY LANGUAGEBODY LANGUAGE (KINESICS ) (KINESICS )
Body Language is a form of communication, in which Body Language is a form of communication, in which
messages, feelings, opinions, ideas etc. are expressed messages, feelings, opinions, ideas etc. are expressed
through through movements of body limbs.movements of body limbs.
Effective use of body movements helps improving Effective use of body movements helps improving
effectiveness of verbal communicationeffectiveness of verbal communication..
Body Communication Examples :
Eye and facial movements / expressions, smile, hand
shake, touching: (healing, love, intimacy, sex),
gestures, appearance / dress, style, hair dressing
(sumo) / police hair cut, tattoos and marks, don’t point
fingers at me, V for victory;
Body Communication in safety : Particularly useful in
industries which are noisy and where working at
heights are involved;
Signaling, Warnings, Gestures, instructions
ADVANTAGES OF BODY LANGUAGEADVANTAGES OF BODY LANGUAGE
Is universal
Can be used simultaneously with verbal
communication
Is as structured as verbal
Very useful for people with speech & hearing
impairment and deaf.
DISADVANTAGES OF BODY LANGUAGEDISADVANTAGES OF BODY LANGUAGE
Different meaning (people, place & practice) Different meaning (people, place & practice)
May counter verbal communication (Lips say May counter verbal communication (Lips say
‘Yes’, eyes say ‘no’)‘Yes’, eyes say ‘no’)
Not useful for people with visual impairmentNot useful for people with visual impairment
Feedback is not possibleFeedback is not possible
Cannot be used for complicated ideasCannot be used for complicated ideas
AUDIO - VISUAL COMMUNICATIONAUDIO - VISUAL COMMUNICATION
It is communicating with light & sound, pictures, posters, It is communicating with light & sound, pictures, posters,
slides, film strips etc.slides, film strips etc.
ADVANTAGESADVANTAGES
Suitable to communicate elementary and simple ideasSuitable to communicate elementary and simple ideas
Effective use of body languageEffective use of body language
Very effective in teaching Very effective in teaching
Easy recall and good retentionEasy recall and good retention
Suitable for mass education Suitable for mass education
Can be used effectively with other media Can be used effectively with other media
Can be clear to illiterates Can be clear to illiterates
Sure and instantaneous Sure and instantaneous
DISADVANTAGES OF AUDIO VISUAL COMMUNICATIONDISADVANTAGES OF AUDIO VISUAL COMMUNICATION
Cannot be used for complicated ideas Cannot be used for complicated ideas
Effective only when used in combination with Effective only when used in combination with other mediaother media
Physical (external noise, poor lighting, poor Physical (external noise, poor lighting, poor eyesight, colour blindness, etc)eyesight, colour blindness, etc)
Distance and Time (face-to-face, different shifts)Distance and Time (face-to-face, different shifts)
Spatial arrangements (layout, furniture etc)Spatial arrangements (layout, furniture etc)
Organization distance (hierarchy)Organization distance (hierarchy)
Source (integrity, hidden messages)Source (integrity, hidden messages)
Distractions (external).Distractions (external).
Lack of concentration (internal)Lack of concentration (internal) Lack of common knowledge (jargon, shop-talk, Lack of common knowledge (jargon, shop-talk,
buzz-words, coined words, acronyms etc.)buzz-words, coined words, acronyms etc.)
BARRIERS BARRIERS (COMMUNICATION GAP) (COMMUNICATION GAP)
Perceptual difference (perception of receiver ; Perceptual difference (perception of receiver ; Distortions in perception, body language)Distortions in perception, body language)
Semantics (meanings of words keep changing)Semantics (meanings of words keep changing)
Badly expressed messageBadly expressed message
Faulty translation & interpretationFaulty translation & interpretation
Loss in transmission & poor retentionLoss in transmission & poor retention
In-attention and Un-clarified assumptionsIn-attention and Un-clarified assumptions
Insufficient adjustment periodInsufficient adjustment period
Distrust of communicatorDistrust of communicator
FearFear
Failure to communicateFailure to communicate
Barriers to Communication – In a Nutshell
S.No Barriers Causative Factors1 Loss in impact Badly expressed message
2 Ineffective grasp of message Loss in transmission
3 Dichotomy (duality) in reception and comprehension
Poor retention
4 Partial grasp of topic Inattentive listening
5 Distancing from the speaker Tendency to evaluate
6 Lack of interest Difference in interests & attitudes
7 Mental turbulence Conflicting information
8 Misunderstanding Semantic problem (study of the meaning)
9 Groping for the right message Over communication
10 Superior attitude Differing status/ position / self-experience
11 Biased listening Prejudices
12 Lack of collaborative effort ‘ I ‘ attitude
13 Mental block Resistance to change
14 Lack of provision of correct feed back Refutations and arguments
Rules for Overcoming Barriers
S.No Rules Methodology1 Plan and clarify ideas - Test thinking
- Compare ideas or suggestions of others - Support decision making- High level motivation
2 Create a climate of trust and confidence
Win trust and confidence
3 Time your message carefully What, where, why, who, when and how.
4 Reinforce words with action Practice what you preach
5 Communicate efficiently Use feed back
6 Clarity in message Use of simple and meaning language
7 Purposeful communication Direct it to a purpose or person
7 Steps to Successful Communication
S.No Steps Purpose
1 Decide upon the objective Make specific ideas
2 Manner of presentation Meet the demands of the audience
3 Mode of presentation Secures the attention of the receivers
4 Preparation of script Confident presentation
5 Preparation of(a) Visual aids(b) Handouts(c) Feedback forms
Generate interestIncreases retentionAssesses competence
6 RehearseBrings perfectionInstills confidence
7 Presentation Sharing ideas, information and knowledge
ATTRIBUTES OF GOOD COMMUNICATIONATTRIBUTES OF GOOD COMMUNICATION
Good communication will,Good communication will,
be fair, open and straight with no distortion.be fair, open and straight with no distortion.
encourage feedbackencourage feedback
lead to effective listeninglead to effective listening
use as many channels as possible.use as many channels as possible.
use words carefully avoiding emotional use words carefully avoiding emotional
overtones, which make the receiver overtones, which make the receiver
misunderstand them.misunderstand them.
repeat important points. (Military people often say: repeat important points. (Military people often say:
"tell them what you are going to tell them, tell them "tell them what you are going to tell them, tell them
and then tell them what you told them.“)and then tell them what you told them.“)
recognize several psychological prerequisites.recognize several psychological prerequisites.
evoke questions & responses.evoke questions & responses.
HINTS FOR GOOD COMMUNICATIONHINTS FOR GOOD COMMUNICATION
Keep it simple, short (KISS)Keep it simple, short (KISS)
Keep it neat and cleanKeep it neat and clean
Listen to others, as you would like them to listen to Listen to others, as you would like them to listen to
youyou
Remember that "feedback" is critical and it should run Remember that "feedback" is critical and it should run
in both directionsin both directions
Try to eliminate surprisesTry to eliminate surprises
Think before you speakThink before you speak
1. Don't present what you can't interpret
2. Give only the amount of information that can be digested
in the time available for digestion
3. Supply only enough information and data to support
your point or accomplish your purpose
4. Get to the "point“, as soon as possible
5. summarise information whenever it is appropriate
6. Present the complete picture
7. Concentrate on important points
8. Do not mix-up ideas. Don’t present accounting 8. Do not mix-up ideas. Don’t present accounting
concepts when presenting financial conceptsconcepts when presenting financial concepts
9.9. Present skillfully Present skillfully
10.10. Time your communicationTime your communication
RememberRemember : ‘Anything that can be misunderstood : ‘Anything that can be misunderstood
will be misunderstood’will be misunderstood’
PROBLEMS IN COMMUNICATIONPROBLEMS IN COMMUNICATION
Failure toFailure to
getting ready to communicategetting ready to communicate
recognition of barriersrecognition of barriers
principles of communication.principles of communication.
choice of techniques / media / channelchoice of techniques / media / channel
Special problems of verbal & written Special problems of verbal & written
communicationcommunication
The Six Behaviour Modes that encourage Communication (Jack Gibb) – Supportive Climate
1.Description1.Description : :
2. 2. EqualityEquality : :
3. 3. OpennessOpenness : :
4. Problem Orientation :4. Problem Orientation :
5. Positive Intent :5. Positive Intent :
6. Empathy : 6. Empathy :
"I see it this way""I see it this way"
"We are in this together""We are in this together"
"Let me hear your ideas""Let me hear your ideas"
'We are going to workout a 'We are going to workout a solution if there is one’solution if there is one’
"Here are my motives in this "Here are my motives in this case". case". Spontaneous & free of Spontaneous & free of Deception.Deception.
"/ "/ appreciate your concern: I get appreciate your concern: I get your point" - feeling of respect.your point" - feeling of respect.
Behaviour that discourages CommunicationBehaviour that discourages Communication
((Jack GibbJack Gibb) )
Judging :Judging :
Superiority :Superiority :
Certainty :Certainty :
Controlling :Controlling :
Manipulating :Manipulating :
Indifference :Indifference :
"You are wrong""You are wrong"
““I know better”I know better”
"Don't confuse me: I have made up "Don't confuse me: I have made up my mind". my mind".
"Let me tell you, how.…”"Let me tell you, how.…”
"I am really counting on you; but if "I am really counting on you; but if you cannot handle it”you cannot handle it”
"What you say is of no matter”"What you say is of no matter”
CORRECT THE MISPELLED WORDS
(Not all are incorrect !)
absense _________________
accessable _________________
accomotiation _________________
achievment _________________
analyse _________________
argueing _________________
asisstant _________________
benifit _________________
changable _________________
comparative _________________
concensus _________________
consistant _________________
coroborate _________________
criticism _________________
definate _________________
desireable _________________
disipline _________________
disatisfied _________________
embarass _________________
foriegn _________________
fourty _________________
likelihodd _________________
manoeuver _________________
medecine _________________
necessarily _________________
occurence _______________
ommiired _______________
panicularily _______________
permissible _______________
persistent _________________
phenomenan _________________
preceeding _________________
prefered _________________
privilige _________________
questionnaire_________________
recommend _________________
rythym _________________
undoubiably _________________
usage _________________
Not all of the sentences need additional punctuation.1. The executive watched the competition but the competition went
ahead with the takeover.
2. During our meeting she was genial but shrewd.
3. Today more women are becoming executives in corporations
4. The job was difficult therefore he quit.
5. My suitcase included files pencils books and paper. 6. We thought we would have to work late consequently we were
happy to be home before dark.
7. My boss car was in the shop however she borrowed her husbands. 8. In preparation for the meeting Mr. Jones asked us to do three
things set up the equipment dust the chairs and empty the ashtrays.
9. We wanted to go to the partners meeting but we were unable to leave before the weekend.
10. Lois resume arrived yesterday moreover she phoned for an interview next week.
PUNCTUATION EXERCISEPUNCTUATION EXERCISE
A USAGE QUIZ
1. Which is correct ?
a. Affect / effect
b. Effect / effect
c. Effect / affect
d. Affect / affect
The______ of wearing seatbelts can __________the number of people
injured in automobile accidents.
INSTRUCTIONS : Read each item below and circle or fill in the correct answer(s).
2. Which is correct ?
a. The party pledges not to raise taxes, which would be harmful to the
economy
b. The party pledges not to raise taxes that would be harmful to the
economy.
3. Which is correct in business writing ? (Circle the correct one in each pair.)
a. 6 or six
b. 14 or fourteen
c. 500 years ago ... or Five-hundred years ago . . .
d. 4.5 million or 4,500,000
4. Which is correct ?
a. Was 22 July 19XX the date of ball game?
b. On July 22, 19XX I graduated from business school.
c. On July 22, 19XX, I'm leaving on vacation.
5. Which is correct ?
a. An historic choice
b. A historic choice.
6. Which is correct ?
a. He implied that we were not to blame.
b. He inferred that we were not to blame.
7. Which is correct ?
The boss can _____ all the files _________ the ones we receive today.
a. Except / except
b. Accept / except
c. Accept / accept
d. Except / accept
8. Which is correct ?
I would _________ you to follow the ________________ of your supervisor.
a. Advice / advise
b. Advise / advice
c. Advise / advise
d. Advice / advice
9. Which is correct ? We were _______ to leave when Mrs. Smith asked us if we had
_____________ been given a copy of the agenda.a. all ready / alreadyb. Already / alreadyc. all ready / all readyd. Already / all ready
10. Complete each sentence using either capital or capital.a. Austin is the ______________ of Texasb. The company tried to raise enough _______ to buy new equipment.c. Paris is the ________ of France.d. The first word in a sentence should begin with a ______ lettere. If you want to watch state government in action, visit the
____________ Sacramento, California.
APOSTROPHESAPOSTROPHES
1. The birds beak is as dull as the scissors in Freds' desk.
2. Is'nt your car ready for it's new paint job ?3. All the teachers books contain difficult math problems for the students
enjoyment.
4. Haven't you seen his' three cows near the side of the Church Road ?
5. Their book was more interesting than our's.6. It's concern is very important, but Johns solutions' should be ready in a
moment.7. Any ones car would be good enough to drive a short distance from the
bosses house.8. Both doctor's gowns were ruined when the fires' flames were out of control.
9. Havent you seen the flowers which she sent to the house ?
10.All the nurses patients will be ready for release tomorrow.
11.Turn the lights out so the barnyard chickens can go to sleep.
12.Charles errors were'nt very important to anyones success.
Place apostrophes in the correct places. If an apostrophe is incorrect, fix it.
CAPITAL LETTERSCAPITAL LETTERS
1. Last Saturday the teachers went to madurai.2. The month of June is pleasant, if you are staying at a hill station for the
summer.
3. Driving on beach road you can see the pandian building on your left.
4. We are studying french, english and accounting.5. The Cochin polytechnic has remained closed because of the holy day
celebrations.
6. The President said, "we must come to Madurai for a Conference.“7. The approach taken to western ghats reminded me of hannibal crossing
the alps
8. His horse was named fast fred. It ran at the race course in Bangalore.9. Later hi the day, professor rao joined with the other professors who were
also modes scholars.
10.Janhingar Singh was president of Worldwide Shipping inc., and also served as secretary of the Linkway development corporation.
11.Every king, queen and other member of royalty should be respected, as is the case of the prince of gastonia and prince edward of england.
Capitalize where appropriate. Circle incorrect capitals.
FUN WITH ENGLISHFUN WITH ENGLISH An employee applied for leave as follows :An employee applied for leave as follows :
“Since I have to go to my village to sell my “Since I have to go to my village to sell my land along with my wife, please sanction me land along with my wife, please sanction me one-week leave”.one-week leave”.
From an employee who was going to Tirupati with From an employee who was going to Tirupati with his 10 year old son:his 10 year old son:“…“…as I want to shave my son's head, please as I want to shave my son's head, please leave me for two days”.leave me for two days”.
Leave-letter from an employee who was performing Leave-letter from an employee who was performing his daughter's wedding:his daughter's wedding:“…“…as I am marrying my daughter, please as I am marrying my daughter, please grant a week's leave…”grant a week's leave…”
“…“…As my mother-in-law has expired and I As my mother-in-law has expired and I am only one responsible for it, please grant am only one responsible for it, please grant me 10 days leave…”me 10 days leave…”
“…“…Since I've to go to the cremation ground Since I've to go to the cremation ground at 10 o-clock and I may not return, please at 10 o-clock and I may not return, please grant me half day casual leave…”grant me half day casual leave…”
“…“…I am suffering from fever, please declare I am suffering from fever, please declare one-day holiday…”one-day holiday…”
“…“…As I am studying in this school I am As I am studying in this school I am suffering from headache. I request you to suffering from headache. I request you to leave me today…”leave me today…”
“…“…As my headache is paining, please grant As my headache is paining, please grant me leave for the day…”me leave for the day…”
Covering note : Covering note : “…“…I am enclosed herewith...”I am enclosed herewith...”
Another one :Another one :“Dear Sir: with reference to the above, “Dear Sir: with reference to the above, please refer to my below...”please refer to my below...”
““This has reference to your advertisement This has reference to your advertisement calling for a ' Typist and an Accountant - Male calling for a ' Typist and an Accountant - Male or Female‘. As I am both(!! )for the past or Female‘. As I am both(!! )for the past several years and I can handle both with several years and I can handle both with good experience, I am applying for the post”good experience, I am applying for the post”
BEFORE WE CLOSE…. .BEFORE WE CLOSE…. . THE JOURNEY TO 100 MILES BEGINS WITH ONE THE JOURNEY TO 100 MILES BEGINS WITH ONE
SINGLE STEPSINGLE STEP
NOTHING GREAT HAS EVER BEEN ACHIEVED NOTHING GREAT HAS EVER BEEN ACHIEVED WITHOUT ENTHUSIASM / ZEAL TO LEARN & WITHOUT ENTHUSIASM / ZEAL TO LEARN & COMMUNICATECOMMUNICATE
YOU CANNOT CHANGE THE DIRECTION OF THE YOU CANNOT CHANGE THE DIRECTION OF THE WIND, BUT YOU CAN ALWAYS ADJUST YOUR WIND, BUT YOU CAN ALWAYS ADJUST YOUR SAILS.SAILS.
IT IS THE ATTITUDE WHICH MAKES THE IT IS THE ATTITUDE WHICH MAKES THE DIFFERENCEDIFFERENCE
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