Conference on Quality in the Space and Defense Industries
Cape Canaveral, FloridaMarch 15, 2011
Mark ErmingerChief Safety and Mission Assurance OfficerCommercial Crew & Cargo ProgramExploration Systems Mission DirectorateJohnson Space Center
Commercial Crew & Cargo Program Status
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Program Objectives
The Commercial Crew & Cargo Program was established in November 2005 to accomplish the following objectives: Implement U.S. Space Exploration policy with
investments to stimulate the commercial space industry Facilitate U.S. private industry demonstration of cargo
and crew space transportation capabilities with the goal of achieving safe, reliable, cost effective access to low-Earth orbit
Create a market environment where commercial space transportation services are available to Government and private sector customers
Extending human presence in space by enabling an expanding and robust U.S. commercial space transportation industry
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Safety is Built Into the Design and Development Process
NASA Reviews S&MA Products During Partner Design Reviews Safety and Mission Assurance Plan Quality Plan Hazard Analysis Safety Assessments Risk Assessments Probabilistic Risk Assessment Software Assurance
COTS partners are required to obtain an Federal Aviation Administration license for all of the demonstration missions
COTS partners are required to meet all Space Station visiting vehicle requirements and be approved by the Space Station Safety Review Panel (SRP) before being allowed to rendezvous and berth with the ISS
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Falcon 9Rocket
Description and Features: Falcon 9 Medium Class Launch Vehicle
Dragon Crew/Cargo Spacecraft Recoverable launch vehicle and spacecraft Cape Canaveral LC-40 Launch Site ISS Flight Demonstration NASA Investment:
Cargo Demonstration – up to $278 M Crew Demonstration Option– up to $308 M
(not funded)
SpaceX COTS System
SpaceX Launch Site at Cape SLC 40
DragonCargo Capsule
DragonCrew Capsule
DragonCrew Capsule
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SpaceX COTS Demo Mission 1
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Orbital COTS System
Description & Features: Taurus II Launch Vehicle – derivative of
Taurus I with Aerojet AJ-26 engines (2) & Castor 30 2nd stage
Cygnus Service Module used for all missions – derived from STAR™ & Dawn spacecrafts
Pressurized Cargo Module (PCM): Heritage - ISS MPLM
Wallops Flight Facility Launch Site ISS Flight Demonstration NASA Investment:
Cargo Demonstration – up to $170 M
Pressurized Cargo Module& Service Module
Taurus II
Pad 0BPad 0A
Horizontal IntegrationFacility (HIF) Site
Wallops Flight Facility (WFF)Launch Site & Key Facilities
Atlantic Ocean
Bldg H-100(WFF Main Base)
COTS Visiting Vehicle& Payload Processing
Bldg H-100(7 Miles)794’
Pad 0A Taurus-IILaunch Site
Bldg H-100
Virginia Eastern Shore
Launch Pad 0A
Pad 0BPad 0A
Horizontal IntegrationFacility (HIF) Site
Wallops Flight Facility (WFF)Launch Site & Key Facilities
Atlantic Ocean
Bldg H-100(WFF Main Base)
COTS Visiting Vehicle& Payload Processing
Bldg H-100(7 Miles)794’
Pad 0A Taurus-IILaunch Site
Bldg H-100
Virginia Eastern Shore
Launch Pad 0A
Taurus II Rocket
MARS/Wallops Launch Site
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Orbital COTS Mission Visualization
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WFF Pad 0A Construction Progresses
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Taurus II First Stage Test Article Arrives at WFF
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PCM Integration & Testing
PCM 0
PCM 1PCM 2
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AJ-26 Engine at Stennis for Testing
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Partners & Subs
Pratt & WhitneySAS
• Developed a modular Emergency Detection System (EDS) which can be used with Atlas V, Delta IV, and other LVs
• CCDev1 tasks:• EDS definition• Identified LV failure modes and how measured• Algorithm development, software coding,
validation• Crew interface design• Prototype EDS tested and demonstrated• Real-time monitoring demonstration
• NASA invested $6.7M
ULA CCDev1 Project
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ULA Emergency Detection System
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Blue Origin CCDev Project
• System concept is bi-conic space vehicle launched on Atlas V 402
• Matured Pusher Escape System• Conducted TVC ground testing
• Matured Composite Pressure Vessel• Manufactured structural test article of a
suborbital capsule as a subscale demonstrator for the orbital Space Vehicle
• Over-pressurized the test article• Conducted pressure vessel drop test• NASA investment $3.7M
Blue Origin Composite Crew Pressure Vessel and Thrust Vector Control Testing
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Partners & Subs
Micropore TDA ResearchPerma Pure
Barber NicholsVista Photonics
• Developed Air Revitalization System (ARS) for commercial crew
• Matured its ARS concept under CCDev • Requirements development with 4 potential
vehicle providers• Designed through PDR level• Manufactured and tested an engineering
development unit• NASA investment $1.44M
Paragon CCDev Project
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Paragon CCDev 1 Air Revitalization System Engineering Development Unit
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Partners & Subs
Bigelow AerospaceAerojet
Airborne SystemsATK
Spincraft
• Commercial Crew Transportation System concept:
¨ Flexible crewed vehicle concept with maximum of seven crew¨ Light-weight design compatible with Atlas, Delta, and Falcon 9 ¨ Integrated operations & crew training center
• Matured system architecture and design through SDR and demonstrated key technologies and capabilities via 9 tasks
¨ SDR¨ Abort System Hardware Demonstration¨ Base Heat Shield Fabrication Demonstration¨ Avionics Systems Integration Facility Demonstration¨ CM Pressure Vessel Fabrication Demonstration¨ Landing System Demonstration¨ Life Support Demonstration¨ AR&D Integrated GNC Demonstration¨ Crew Module Mockup Demonstration
•NASA investment $18M
Boeing CCDev1 Project
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CST-100 CM Pressurized Structure Fabrication & Test
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Partners & Subs
Boeing Draper LabULA Aerojet
AdamWorks MDA University of Colorado
• Commercial STS based on NASA HL-20 launched on Atlas V
• Requirements defined for Dream Chaser systems design & major subsystems
• Built & Tested Spacecraft Primary Structure• Integrated Loads Defined & CFD studied• Main Propulsion Motor Built & Tested• RCS Thruster Prototype Built & Tested• Developed Atmospheric and Orbital GN&C
architecture• Flight Algorithms & Software Assurance Plan• TPS Trades completed• Atlas V Integration analyses• Scale Dynamic Model Flight Tested• NASA investment $20M
Sierra Nevada CCDev1 Project
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SNC Dream Chaser Structural & Propulsion System Testing
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