Combating Biofouling
A design experiment by Madison Evans
The Issue
source: Australian Government Dept. of Agriculture
1.Polymers2.Bacteria3.Algae, worms,
barnacles, mussels
Formation of Fouled Hulls
Michelle Hamel
Prevention● Slick silicon
coating● Copper bottom● Biocide paint
o tributyltino toxic
SolutionsClean Up● Scrub● Power Wash● Biocides
● invasiveo out-compete
natives for foodo sharp o damage
infrastructure● Eastern Europe →
Great Lakes o ballast water
Focus on Zebra Mussel
California Dept. of Fish and Wildlife
● Mussels use a group messaging system for mating and settlement
● Engineer Pelagibacter ubiqueo P. ubique to respond
to mussel serotonino express Grimontia
hollisae collagenase gene
My Solution
Mussel Structure
Cell Design
Serotonin Receptors
Collagenase
Quorum Sensing Molecules Serotonin Receptor Protein Synthesis
Biofilm Polymer Secretion
1 1 1
0 0 0
Muscle Serotonin Presence Collagenase Production GFP
0 0 0
1 1 1
● lab culturing-72 hourso nutritious
solution● dry dock
growth-48 hourso spray
Placement of Bacteria
Controlled tank environments● salt● freshwater● zebra mussels
o nutrients to reach reproductive age
Testing
● highly specific● possibility for evolution of mussels● other biofouling organisms
unaddressed● difficult to implement (growth on dry
boat)
Problems
● Multiple lines of bacterial spray● Universal signaling molecule of
mussels instead of just serotonin
Alternatives
Combating Invasive Zebra Mussels
A design experiment by Madison Evans
Brandelli, Adriano et al. “Production of an extracellular keratinase from Chryseobacterium sp. growing on raw feathers.” Electronic Journal of Biotechnology. 13 Jan 2005.<http://www.ejbiotechnology.info/index.php/ejbiotechnology/article/view/v8n1-6/428>
Proal, Amy. “Understanding Biofilms.” Bacterialty: Exploring Chronic Disease. 26 May 2008. <http://bacteriality.com/2008/05/26/biofilm/>
“Stopping the Mussel Invasion.” National Park Service. <http://www.nps.gov/cure/planyourvisit/mussel_facts.htm>Winner, Cherie. “Barnacles and Biofilms.” Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute. 5 Dec 2012.
<http://www.whoi.edu/oceanus/feature/barnacles-and-biofilms>Reid, D.C. et al. “Biofouling in Stirred Tank Reactors: Effect of Surface Finish.”
<http://books.google.com/booksid=g5miDB7M0WsC&pg=PA529&lpg=PA529&dq=do+biofilms+cause+drag&source=bl&ots=nGMKSiYnAV&sig=V4oho8Boac3GdoJfWf0w_dr6JZ8&hl=en&sa=X&ei=OL3VU7ezIIS3yASJqoDYDA&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAw#v=onepage&q=do%20biofilms%20cause%20drag&f=false
Teramura, Tamoko et al. “Cloning of a Novel Collagenase Gene from the Gram-Negative Bacterium Grimontia (Vibrio) hollisae1706B and
Its Efficient Expression in Brevibacillus choshinensis.” American Society for Microbiology. 22 Apr 2011. <http://jb.asm.org/content/193/12/3049.full>
Milne, Catherine T. et al. “A Comparison of Collagenase to Hydrogel Dressings in Wound Debridement.” Wounds Research. 1 Nov 2010.<http://www.woundsresearch.com/content/comparison-collagenase-hydrogel-dressings-wound-debridement>
Lucas, Jared M. et al. “A molecular, morphometric and mechanical comparison of the structural elements of byssus from Mytilus edulis and Mytilus galloprovincialis.” The Journal of Experimental Biology. 5 Apr 2012. <http://jeb.biologists.org/content/205/12/1807.full.pdf>
“Collagenase Guide” Sigma-Aldrich.<http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/life-science/metabolomics/enzyme-explorer/learning-center/collagenase-guide.html>Images Courtesy of the Australian Government Department of Agriculture and photographer Mila Zinkova.
References
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