Download - Collaborative Mapping and the Reliability of Volunteered Data

Collabora'veMappingandtheReliabilityofVolunteeredDataChris'anVoigt*,SusuDobner*,ManuelaSchmidt

*CentreforSocialInnova'on(TechnologyandKnowledge)

CentreforSocialInnova'on|Dr.Chris'anVoigt

Background:Growingpar'cipa'oncultures

•  Increaseofpar'cipa'onplaFormssuchas– Wikipedia.com(crea'ngknowledgecollec'vely)

–  Thingiverse.com(sharingdigitaldesigns)

– Wheelmap.org(collec'ngaccessibility)

•  Newopportuni'estoaddresscurrentsocietalproblems...

CentreforSocialInnova'on|C.Voigt,S.Dobner

Collabora'veMapping:QualityandQuan'ty 2

Whatisthechallenge?•  Problem(quan'ty–qualitytradeoff):Ongoingengagementofexis'ngandnewci'zensinpar'cipa'onplaForms,whichisneededinordertoensurequan'tyofcontribu'onsaswellasqualityandconsistencyofcontribu'ons(i.e.thereliabilityofindicatedaccessibilitycondi'ons).



ResearchQues'ons

a) Whichopera'onalanconceptualpiFallsneedtobeaddressedinordertoimprovemappingoutcomes?

b) Towhatdegreecanweinscribe‘MappingKnowledge’intothedesignsofmappingtools?…e.g.categoricalversusfunc-onalmapping



CategoricalMapping:Thecoloryellow

•  Trafficlightmetaphor•  ViennaCaseStudy:

55volunteeringstudents(47%ofclass),‘Thema'cCartography(OctobertoDecember2014),



Mappingambigui'es

49%ofrevisited‘yellowplaces’changed!

Changingaccessibilitystatuses

(1)  aplacecontainedmul'ple,aggregatedbarriers

(2)  themapperexpandedhisorherveryno'onofwhatabarrieris



Approach:Cri'calCartography

•  ‚Cri'cal‘=reflectaboutfunc'onalityandpurposeofamap[10]

•  useofsemi-structuredmappingprotocolsincluding– abriefcommentonthecondi'onsthatmo'vatedacategoriza'on,

– photographsofmappedplaces– areflec'ononhowthemappingimpactedtheirpercep'onofurbanaccessibility



Methodology

•  DiscussingurbanaccessibilityandOSM•  Mappingincludingreflec'veprotocols•  Tworesearcherscodedtheprotocols–  numberofbarriersconsidered–  typeofbarriersconsidered–  valueofphotos(addi'onal,non-verbalinforma'on)



Mappingac'vi'es–  mappedtheaccessibilityofnewplaces(n=279),–  revisitedplacesthathadbeencategorizedas'par'allywheelchairaccessible'(n=166)andtookphotos



Aggrega'onofbarriers•  thelikelihoodofaplacetochangeto'notaccessible'isalmost

twiceashigh(25%versus47%)ifmapperstakeintoaccountmul'plebarriers.



Figure: Impact of aggregated barriers on categorization changes (n=127).

Ourconceptualiza'onsofbarriersmaSer

•  'Steps'ismen'onedonWheelmap'smobileappinterface,hencea'pre-scrip've'category

•  'Narrowness'isanemerging,descrip'vecategory•  Bothcategorieshavesimilareffects,inturningplacesfrom

'par'allyaccessible'to'notaccessible'(31%vs.39%)



Amplifiedno'onsofbarriers



Outlook:Par'cipatoryDesignandProjectTango(Google)



PD-WorkingDefini'on

•  Defini'on:Par'cipatorydesignaimsformutuallearningsitua'ons,basedoncollec'vereflec'on[5]

•  Leverage:users'prac'ce-basedknowledgetocreatesustainablechanges[4].



GoogleTango:3DSensing•  trialingnewhardware,aspart

oftheGoogleTangoProject(3DSensorsandMo'onTracking)

•  Integra'onwithexis'ngWheelmapApp

•  newHardware:3DSensoren,Mo'onTrackingCameras

•  Tes'ngrobustnessofmeassures(speciallyslopes)



•  App:Measure-It•  OSM-tag“width=0.9”?

Summary•  Par'cipatorymappingisamutuallearningsitua'on,hencecrea'ngawarenessforhowimportantaccessibilityis

•  Volunteersaddlocalknowledgeand‘livedexperiences’

•  Par'cipatorymapping,i.e.theworkofvolunteers,isnotmeantasareplacementforneededinforma'ongatheringac'vi'esfrommunicipalityworkers



References1. Fischer,G.:Understanding,fostering,andsuppor'ngculturesofpar'cipa'on.interac'ons.18,42–53(2011).2. Gonçalves,J.,Kostakos,V.,Karapanos,E.,Barreto,M.,Camacho,T.,Tomasic,A.,Zimmerman,J.:Ci'zen

mo'va'ononthego:Theroleofpsychologicalempowerment.Interact.Comput.iwt035(2013).3. Spinuzzi,C.:Themethodologyofpar'cipatorydesign.Tech.Commun.52,163–174(2005).4. Kensing,F.,Blomberg,J.:Par'cipatorydesign:Issuesandconcerns.Comput.Support.Coop.WorkCSCW.7,

167–185(1998).5. Simonsen,J.,Hertzum,M.:Par'cipa'vedesignandthechallengesoflarge-scalesystems:Extendingtheitera've

PDapproach.In:Proceedingsofthetenthanniversaryconferenceonpar'cipatorydesign2008.pp.1–10.IndianaUniversity(2008).

6. Kostakis,V.,Niaros,V.,Gio'tsas,C.:Produc'onandgovernanceinhackerspaces:Amanifesta'onofCommons-basedpeerproduc'oninthephysicalrealm?Int.J.Cult.Stud.1367877913519310(2014).

7. Goodchild,M.F.:Ci'zensassensors:theworldofvolunteeredgeography.GeoJournal.69,211–221(2007).8. Spindler,R.:OpenStreetMapWheelchairHistory:AsubsetofwheelchairtaggednodesofaPlanetOSM-Full-

History.In:UnpublishedDatabase(2015).9.  Star,S.L.,Griesemer,J.R.:Ins'tu'onalEcology,`Transla'ons’andBoundaryObjects:AmateursandProfessionals

inBerkeley’sMuseumofVertebrateZoology,1907-39.Soc.Stud.Sci.19,387–420(1989).10.  J.W.CramptonandJ.Krygier,‘Anintroduc'ontocri'calcartography’,ACME:anInterna'onalE-journalfor

Cri'calGeographies,vol.4,no.1,pp.11–33,2005.

