CNGS Operation Results 2008
Edda Gschwendtner ABATB on behalf of the CNGS team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
2
E Gschwendtner ABATB
2
bull Introductionbull CNGS Facility
ndash Layout and Main Parametersndash Startup Issuesndash 2008 Performance
bull Highlights from the OPERA Experimentbull Outlook for 2009bull Summary
Outline
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
3
CERN Neutrinos to Gran SassoIntroduction
Experiments OPERA (1200 ton) ICARUS (600 ton)
~1 observed interaction with 21019 pot
451019 potyear (200 days nominal intensity)
221017 potday ~1017 day ~1011 day at detector in Gran Sasso
3600 interactionsyear in OPERA (charged current interactions)
2-3 interactions detectedyear in OPERA
CNGS Run 2008 1781019 pot
long base-line appearance experimentbull Produce muon neutrino beam at CERNbull Measure tau neutrinos in Gran Sasso Italy (732km)
CERN
Gran Sasso
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
4
CNGS Timeline2000-2005
Civil Engineering amp Installation
CERN
10 July-27 Oct
2006
Beam Commissioning CERN
008 1019 potDetector electronics commissioning
Gran Sasso
Shutdown
2006-2007Reflector Water Leak RepairImprovement
CERN
17 Sept-20 Oct
2007
Beam Commissioning at high intensity
CERN
008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks
Gran Sasso
Shutdown
2007-2008
Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement
CERN
Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso
18 June-3 Nov 2008
CNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot
Introduction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
5
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)
Produce pions and Kaons to make neutrinos
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector pit 1
muon detector pit 2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
6
Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beam
Nominal energy [GeV] 400
Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7
Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016
Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20
extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms
Batch length [s] 105
of bunches per pulse 2100
Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24
Bunch length [ns] (4) 2
Bunch spacing [ns] 5
Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20
Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm
Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target
500kW beam power
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
7
CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long
Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
27mm interaction length
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines
Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
8
CNGS Horn and Reflector
bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)
Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit
ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop
ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections
ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change
035 m
inner conductor
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
9
60cm
270cm
1125cm
bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)
bull 2 x 1 movable monitor
LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separation
bull N2 gas filling
CNGS
bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
Muon Monitors
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
10
Radiation Issues - 2007 CNGS Run
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the
CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence) radiation levels predicted by simulations too high for off the shelf components -COTS
High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Ventilation units in the service gallery
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
11
Modifications in Shutdown 200708 due to Radiation Issues
1 Move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel area2 Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS3 Add shielding concrete walls up to 6m thick in total ~53m3 concrete
ndash Movable shielding plugs in TSG4 and TSG41 remotely controlled connected to access system will be opened before any access to CNGS is granted
ndash Bypass of ventilation ducts decrease radiation by up to a factor 106
Side effectndash CNGS triggered a large campaign for rad-hardness for LHCndash CNGS serves as test bed for parasitic irradiations of LHC and others
Target Chamber
ServiceGallery
Proton Beam Line target horn He tube 1 reflector He tube 2 decay tube
hellipelectronics equipment
Radiation lsquosafersquo area for electronics
TCV4
Parasitic LHC Radiation Test Facility
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
12
Photo Gallery- Motorized Shielding PlugsPPP-TSG415 tons moves on 6 slope
PPP-TSG4120 tons moves on flat surface
Plugs connected to access system and remotely controlledOpen before an access to CNGS is granted
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
13
Junction to Target Chamber
2007
2008
View from ventilation chamber into target chamber
2008
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues ndash Photo Gallery
2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
15
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)
ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorMuon detectors very sensitive to any beam change ndashgive online feedback for neutrino beam quality
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
16
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute comparison within
5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
CNGS 2008 Performance and Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
18
CNGS Run 2008
Excellent performance of the CNGS FacilityCNGS modifications finished successfully
bull no radiation problemseffects in the electronics during the entire run 2008
bull excellent hornreflector performance during 2008 run
Beam line equipment bull Working well and stable (target horns detectorshellip)
18 June ndash 3 November 2008 178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentndash 10100 on-time eventsndash 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
19
Supercycle48s supercycleNorth Area 3 CNGS 1LHC1MD 375 CNGS duty cycle
504s supercycle7 CNGS 1 LHC 83 CNGS duty cycle
SFTPRO 3xCNGS LHC MD 4x CNGS2xCNGS MTECNGS
LHC
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
20
CNGS Run 2008 18 June- 03 Nov 2008
0
2E+18
4E+18
6E+18
8E+18
1E+19
12E+19
14E+19
16E+19
18E+19
18-J
un
28-J
un
8-J
ul
18-J
ul
28-J
ul
7-A
ug
17-A
ug
27-A
ug
6-S
ep
16-S
ep
26-S
ep
6-O
ct
16-O
ct
26-O
ct
5-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
po
t
Total 1781019 pot
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange septum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
CNGS maintenance
SPS extraction line Magnet ground fault MD
CNGS maintenance
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Nominal 45 1019 potyr for 5 years
Beam to CNGSLHC FT MD
Beam to CNGSLHC FT
Beam to CNGS MD
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
21
SPS Efficiency for CNGSCNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Integrated efficiency 6094
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
22
Beam Intensity
SPS beam intensityextraction
Error rms spread
RF problems
Number of extractions during 2008 run
Almost 1 million - 995000
Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF
Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 92Injection losses ~ 6
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Proton beam data courtesy of J Wenninger
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
Beam StabilityTarget Beam Positionbull Excellent position stability ~50microns over entire runbull No active position feedback is necessary
ndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Beam Stability seen in Muon Monitorsbull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~3cm rmsbull Beam position correlated to beam position on target
ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on T40
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
10
29
00
0
10
29
02
8
10
29
05
7
10
29
12
6
10
29
15
5
10
29
22
4
10
29
25
2
10
29
32
1
10
29
35
0
10
29
41
9
10
29
44
8
10
29
51
6
10
29
54
5
10
29
61
4
10
29
64
3
cm
5cm shift of muon profile centroid
~80m parallel beam shift
Centroid of horizontal profile pit2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
24
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Excellent agreement
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
pit 1 Horizontal
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 1
pit 1 Vertical
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 2
pit 2 Horizontal
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 2
P
Sal
a et
al
FLU
KA
sim
ulat
ion
s 20
08
MeasurementsSimulations
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
25
OPERA
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
26
bull Total target massndash 12 kton146621 emulsion-lead bricks
bull 2 super modules ndash Spectrometer 22 RPC planes in
magnetic field (15T) 6 Drift tube planes
ndash Target 27 lead emulsion brick walls alternated with scintillator planes
The OPERA DetectorOPERA Detector
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
2
E Gschwendtner ABATB
2
bull Introductionbull CNGS Facility
ndash Layout and Main Parametersndash Startup Issuesndash 2008 Performance
bull Highlights from the OPERA Experimentbull Outlook for 2009bull Summary
Outline
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
3
CERN Neutrinos to Gran SassoIntroduction
Experiments OPERA (1200 ton) ICARUS (600 ton)
~1 observed interaction with 21019 pot
451019 potyear (200 days nominal intensity)
221017 potday ~1017 day ~1011 day at detector in Gran Sasso
3600 interactionsyear in OPERA (charged current interactions)
2-3 interactions detectedyear in OPERA
CNGS Run 2008 1781019 pot
long base-line appearance experimentbull Produce muon neutrino beam at CERNbull Measure tau neutrinos in Gran Sasso Italy (732km)
CERN
Gran Sasso
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
4
CNGS Timeline2000-2005
Civil Engineering amp Installation
CERN
10 July-27 Oct
2006
Beam Commissioning CERN
008 1019 potDetector electronics commissioning
Gran Sasso
Shutdown
2006-2007Reflector Water Leak RepairImprovement
CERN
17 Sept-20 Oct
2007
Beam Commissioning at high intensity
CERN
008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks
Gran Sasso
Shutdown
2007-2008
Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement
CERN
Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso
18 June-3 Nov 2008
CNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot
Introduction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
5
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)
Produce pions and Kaons to make neutrinos
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector pit 1
muon detector pit 2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
6
Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beam
Nominal energy [GeV] 400
Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7
Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016
Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20
extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms
Batch length [s] 105
of bunches per pulse 2100
Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24
Bunch length [ns] (4) 2
Bunch spacing [ns] 5
Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20
Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm
Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target
500kW beam power
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
7
CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long
Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
27mm interaction length
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines
Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
8
CNGS Horn and Reflector
bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)
Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit
ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop
ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections
ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change
035 m
inner conductor
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
9
60cm
270cm
1125cm
bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)
bull 2 x 1 movable monitor
LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separation
bull N2 gas filling
CNGS
bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
Muon Monitors
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
10
Radiation Issues - 2007 CNGS Run
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the
CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence) radiation levels predicted by simulations too high for off the shelf components -COTS
High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Ventilation units in the service gallery
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
11
Modifications in Shutdown 200708 due to Radiation Issues
1 Move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel area2 Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS3 Add shielding concrete walls up to 6m thick in total ~53m3 concrete
ndash Movable shielding plugs in TSG4 and TSG41 remotely controlled connected to access system will be opened before any access to CNGS is granted
ndash Bypass of ventilation ducts decrease radiation by up to a factor 106
Side effectndash CNGS triggered a large campaign for rad-hardness for LHCndash CNGS serves as test bed for parasitic irradiations of LHC and others
Target Chamber
ServiceGallery
Proton Beam Line target horn He tube 1 reflector He tube 2 decay tube
hellipelectronics equipment
Radiation lsquosafersquo area for electronics
TCV4
Parasitic LHC Radiation Test Facility
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
12
Photo Gallery- Motorized Shielding PlugsPPP-TSG415 tons moves on 6 slope
PPP-TSG4120 tons moves on flat surface
Plugs connected to access system and remotely controlledOpen before an access to CNGS is granted
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
13
Junction to Target Chamber
2007
2008
View from ventilation chamber into target chamber
2008
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues ndash Photo Gallery
2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
15
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)
ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorMuon detectors very sensitive to any beam change ndashgive online feedback for neutrino beam quality
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
16
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute comparison within
5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
CNGS 2008 Performance and Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
18
CNGS Run 2008
Excellent performance of the CNGS FacilityCNGS modifications finished successfully
bull no radiation problemseffects in the electronics during the entire run 2008
bull excellent hornreflector performance during 2008 run
Beam line equipment bull Working well and stable (target horns detectorshellip)
18 June ndash 3 November 2008 178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentndash 10100 on-time eventsndash 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
19
Supercycle48s supercycleNorth Area 3 CNGS 1LHC1MD 375 CNGS duty cycle
504s supercycle7 CNGS 1 LHC 83 CNGS duty cycle
SFTPRO 3xCNGS LHC MD 4x CNGS2xCNGS MTECNGS
LHC
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
20
CNGS Run 2008 18 June- 03 Nov 2008
0
2E+18
4E+18
6E+18
8E+18
1E+19
12E+19
14E+19
16E+19
18E+19
18-J
un
28-J
un
8-J
ul
18-J
ul
28-J
ul
7-A
ug
17-A
ug
27-A
ug
6-S
ep
16-S
ep
26-S
ep
6-O
ct
16-O
ct
26-O
ct
5-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
po
t
Total 1781019 pot
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange septum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
CNGS maintenance
SPS extraction line Magnet ground fault MD
CNGS maintenance
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Nominal 45 1019 potyr for 5 years
Beam to CNGSLHC FT MD
Beam to CNGSLHC FT
Beam to CNGS MD
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
21
SPS Efficiency for CNGSCNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Integrated efficiency 6094
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
22
Beam Intensity
SPS beam intensityextraction
Error rms spread
RF problems
Number of extractions during 2008 run
Almost 1 million - 995000
Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF
Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 92Injection losses ~ 6
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Proton beam data courtesy of J Wenninger
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
Beam StabilityTarget Beam Positionbull Excellent position stability ~50microns over entire runbull No active position feedback is necessary
ndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Beam Stability seen in Muon Monitorsbull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~3cm rmsbull Beam position correlated to beam position on target
ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on T40
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
10
29
00
0
10
29
02
8
10
29
05
7
10
29
12
6
10
29
15
5
10
29
22
4
10
29
25
2
10
29
32
1
10
29
35
0
10
29
41
9
10
29
44
8
10
29
51
6
10
29
54
5
10
29
61
4
10
29
64
3
cm
5cm shift of muon profile centroid
~80m parallel beam shift
Centroid of horizontal profile pit2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
24
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Excellent agreement
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
pit 1 Horizontal
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 1
pit 1 Vertical
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 2
pit 2 Horizontal
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 2
P
Sal
a et
al
FLU
KA
sim
ulat
ion
s 20
08
MeasurementsSimulations
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
25
OPERA
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
26
bull Total target massndash 12 kton146621 emulsion-lead bricks
bull 2 super modules ndash Spectrometer 22 RPC planes in
magnetic field (15T) 6 Drift tube planes
ndash Target 27 lead emulsion brick walls alternated with scintillator planes
The OPERA DetectorOPERA Detector
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
3
CERN Neutrinos to Gran SassoIntroduction
Experiments OPERA (1200 ton) ICARUS (600 ton)
~1 observed interaction with 21019 pot
451019 potyear (200 days nominal intensity)
221017 potday ~1017 day ~1011 day at detector in Gran Sasso
3600 interactionsyear in OPERA (charged current interactions)
2-3 interactions detectedyear in OPERA
CNGS Run 2008 1781019 pot
long base-line appearance experimentbull Produce muon neutrino beam at CERNbull Measure tau neutrinos in Gran Sasso Italy (732km)
CERN
Gran Sasso
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
4
CNGS Timeline2000-2005
Civil Engineering amp Installation
CERN
10 July-27 Oct
2006
Beam Commissioning CERN
008 1019 potDetector electronics commissioning
Gran Sasso
Shutdown
2006-2007Reflector Water Leak RepairImprovement
CERN
17 Sept-20 Oct
2007
Beam Commissioning at high intensity
CERN
008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks
Gran Sasso
Shutdown
2007-2008
Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement
CERN
Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso
18 June-3 Nov 2008
CNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot
Introduction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
5
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)
Produce pions and Kaons to make neutrinos
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector pit 1
muon detector pit 2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
6
Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beam
Nominal energy [GeV] 400
Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7
Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016
Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20
extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms
Batch length [s] 105
of bunches per pulse 2100
Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24
Bunch length [ns] (4) 2
Bunch spacing [ns] 5
Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20
Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm
Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target
500kW beam power
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
7
CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long
Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
27mm interaction length
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines
Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
8
CNGS Horn and Reflector
bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)
Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit
ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop
ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections
ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change
035 m
inner conductor
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
9
60cm
270cm
1125cm
bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)
bull 2 x 1 movable monitor
LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separation
bull N2 gas filling
CNGS
bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
Muon Monitors
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
10
Radiation Issues - 2007 CNGS Run
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the
CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence) radiation levels predicted by simulations too high for off the shelf components -COTS
High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Ventilation units in the service gallery
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
11
Modifications in Shutdown 200708 due to Radiation Issues
1 Move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel area2 Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS3 Add shielding concrete walls up to 6m thick in total ~53m3 concrete
ndash Movable shielding plugs in TSG4 and TSG41 remotely controlled connected to access system will be opened before any access to CNGS is granted
ndash Bypass of ventilation ducts decrease radiation by up to a factor 106
Side effectndash CNGS triggered a large campaign for rad-hardness for LHCndash CNGS serves as test bed for parasitic irradiations of LHC and others
Target Chamber
ServiceGallery
Proton Beam Line target horn He tube 1 reflector He tube 2 decay tube
hellipelectronics equipment
Radiation lsquosafersquo area for electronics
TCV4
Parasitic LHC Radiation Test Facility
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
12
Photo Gallery- Motorized Shielding PlugsPPP-TSG415 tons moves on 6 slope
PPP-TSG4120 tons moves on flat surface
Plugs connected to access system and remotely controlledOpen before an access to CNGS is granted
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
13
Junction to Target Chamber
2007
2008
View from ventilation chamber into target chamber
2008
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues ndash Photo Gallery
2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
15
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)
ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorMuon detectors very sensitive to any beam change ndashgive online feedback for neutrino beam quality
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
16
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute comparison within
5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
CNGS 2008 Performance and Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
18
CNGS Run 2008
Excellent performance of the CNGS FacilityCNGS modifications finished successfully
bull no radiation problemseffects in the electronics during the entire run 2008
bull excellent hornreflector performance during 2008 run
Beam line equipment bull Working well and stable (target horns detectorshellip)
18 June ndash 3 November 2008 178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentndash 10100 on-time eventsndash 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
19
Supercycle48s supercycleNorth Area 3 CNGS 1LHC1MD 375 CNGS duty cycle
504s supercycle7 CNGS 1 LHC 83 CNGS duty cycle
SFTPRO 3xCNGS LHC MD 4x CNGS2xCNGS MTECNGS
LHC
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
20
CNGS Run 2008 18 June- 03 Nov 2008
0
2E+18
4E+18
6E+18
8E+18
1E+19
12E+19
14E+19
16E+19
18E+19
18-J
un
28-J
un
8-J
ul
18-J
ul
28-J
ul
7-A
ug
17-A
ug
27-A
ug
6-S
ep
16-S
ep
26-S
ep
6-O
ct
16-O
ct
26-O
ct
5-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
po
t
Total 1781019 pot
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange septum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
CNGS maintenance
SPS extraction line Magnet ground fault MD
CNGS maintenance
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Nominal 45 1019 potyr for 5 years
Beam to CNGSLHC FT MD
Beam to CNGSLHC FT
Beam to CNGS MD
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
21
SPS Efficiency for CNGSCNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Integrated efficiency 6094
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
22
Beam Intensity
SPS beam intensityextraction
Error rms spread
RF problems
Number of extractions during 2008 run
Almost 1 million - 995000
Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF
Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 92Injection losses ~ 6
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Proton beam data courtesy of J Wenninger
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
Beam StabilityTarget Beam Positionbull Excellent position stability ~50microns over entire runbull No active position feedback is necessary
ndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Beam Stability seen in Muon Monitorsbull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~3cm rmsbull Beam position correlated to beam position on target
ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on T40
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
10
29
00
0
10
29
02
8
10
29
05
7
10
29
12
6
10
29
15
5
10
29
22
4
10
29
25
2
10
29
32
1
10
29
35
0
10
29
41
9
10
29
44
8
10
29
51
6
10
29
54
5
10
29
61
4
10
29
64
3
cm
5cm shift of muon profile centroid
~80m parallel beam shift
Centroid of horizontal profile pit2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
24
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Excellent agreement
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
pit 1 Horizontal
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 1
pit 1 Vertical
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 2
pit 2 Horizontal
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 2
P
Sal
a et
al
FLU
KA
sim
ulat
ion
s 20
08
MeasurementsSimulations
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
25
OPERA
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
26
bull Total target massndash 12 kton146621 emulsion-lead bricks
bull 2 super modules ndash Spectrometer 22 RPC planes in
magnetic field (15T) 6 Drift tube planes
ndash Target 27 lead emulsion brick walls alternated with scintillator planes
The OPERA DetectorOPERA Detector
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
4
CNGS Timeline2000-2005
Civil Engineering amp Installation
CERN
10 July-27 Oct
2006
Beam Commissioning CERN
008 1019 potDetector electronics commissioning
Gran Sasso
Shutdown
2006-2007Reflector Water Leak RepairImprovement
CERN
17 Sept-20 Oct
2007
Beam Commissioning at high intensity
CERN
008 1019potDetector commissioning with 60000 bricks
Gran Sasso
Shutdown
2007-2008
Additional shielding and electronics re-arrangement
CERN
Finishing OPERA bricks Gran Sasso
18 June-3 Nov 2008
CNGS Physics Run 178 1019pot
Introduction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
5
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)
Produce pions and Kaons to make neutrinos
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector pit 1
muon detector pit 2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
6
Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beam
Nominal energy [GeV] 400
Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7
Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016
Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20
extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms
Batch length [s] 105
of bunches per pulse 2100
Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24
Bunch length [ns] (4) 2
Bunch spacing [ns] 5
Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20
Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm
Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target
500kW beam power
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
7
CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long
Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
27mm interaction length
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines
Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
8
CNGS Horn and Reflector
bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)
Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit
ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop
ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections
ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change
035 m
inner conductor
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
9
60cm
270cm
1125cm
bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)
bull 2 x 1 movable monitor
LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separation
bull N2 gas filling
CNGS
bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
Muon Monitors
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
10
Radiation Issues - 2007 CNGS Run
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the
CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence) radiation levels predicted by simulations too high for off the shelf components -COTS
High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Ventilation units in the service gallery
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
11
Modifications in Shutdown 200708 due to Radiation Issues
1 Move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel area2 Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS3 Add shielding concrete walls up to 6m thick in total ~53m3 concrete
ndash Movable shielding plugs in TSG4 and TSG41 remotely controlled connected to access system will be opened before any access to CNGS is granted
ndash Bypass of ventilation ducts decrease radiation by up to a factor 106
Side effectndash CNGS triggered a large campaign for rad-hardness for LHCndash CNGS serves as test bed for parasitic irradiations of LHC and others
Target Chamber
ServiceGallery
Proton Beam Line target horn He tube 1 reflector He tube 2 decay tube
hellipelectronics equipment
Radiation lsquosafersquo area for electronics
TCV4
Parasitic LHC Radiation Test Facility
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
12
Photo Gallery- Motorized Shielding PlugsPPP-TSG415 tons moves on 6 slope
PPP-TSG4120 tons moves on flat surface
Plugs connected to access system and remotely controlledOpen before an access to CNGS is granted
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
13
Junction to Target Chamber
2007
2008
View from ventilation chamber into target chamber
2008
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues ndash Photo Gallery
2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
15
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)
ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorMuon detectors very sensitive to any beam change ndashgive online feedback for neutrino beam quality
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
16
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute comparison within
5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
CNGS 2008 Performance and Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
18
CNGS Run 2008
Excellent performance of the CNGS FacilityCNGS modifications finished successfully
bull no radiation problemseffects in the electronics during the entire run 2008
bull excellent hornreflector performance during 2008 run
Beam line equipment bull Working well and stable (target horns detectorshellip)
18 June ndash 3 November 2008 178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentndash 10100 on-time eventsndash 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
19
Supercycle48s supercycleNorth Area 3 CNGS 1LHC1MD 375 CNGS duty cycle
504s supercycle7 CNGS 1 LHC 83 CNGS duty cycle
SFTPRO 3xCNGS LHC MD 4x CNGS2xCNGS MTECNGS
LHC
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
20
CNGS Run 2008 18 June- 03 Nov 2008
0
2E+18
4E+18
6E+18
8E+18
1E+19
12E+19
14E+19
16E+19
18E+19
18-J
un
28-J
un
8-J
ul
18-J
ul
28-J
ul
7-A
ug
17-A
ug
27-A
ug
6-S
ep
16-S
ep
26-S
ep
6-O
ct
16-O
ct
26-O
ct
5-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
po
t
Total 1781019 pot
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange septum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
CNGS maintenance
SPS extraction line Magnet ground fault MD
CNGS maintenance
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Nominal 45 1019 potyr for 5 years
Beam to CNGSLHC FT MD
Beam to CNGSLHC FT
Beam to CNGS MD
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
21
SPS Efficiency for CNGSCNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Integrated efficiency 6094
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
22
Beam Intensity
SPS beam intensityextraction
Error rms spread
RF problems
Number of extractions during 2008 run
Almost 1 million - 995000
Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF
Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 92Injection losses ~ 6
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Proton beam data courtesy of J Wenninger
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
Beam StabilityTarget Beam Positionbull Excellent position stability ~50microns over entire runbull No active position feedback is necessary
ndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Beam Stability seen in Muon Monitorsbull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~3cm rmsbull Beam position correlated to beam position on target
ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on T40
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
10
29
00
0
10
29
02
8
10
29
05
7
10
29
12
6
10
29
15
5
10
29
22
4
10
29
25
2
10
29
32
1
10
29
35
0
10
29
41
9
10
29
44
8
10
29
51
6
10
29
54
5
10
29
61
4
10
29
64
3
cm
5cm shift of muon profile centroid
~80m parallel beam shift
Centroid of horizontal profile pit2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
24
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Excellent agreement
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
pit 1 Horizontal
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 1
pit 1 Vertical
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 2
pit 2 Horizontal
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 2
P
Sal
a et
al
FLU
KA
sim
ulat
ion
s 20
08
MeasurementsSimulations
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
25
OPERA
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
26
bull Total target massndash 12 kton146621 emulsion-lead bricks
bull 2 super modules ndash Spectrometer 22 RPC planes in
magnetic field (15T) 6 Drift tube planes
ndash Target 27 lead emulsion brick walls alternated with scintillator planes
The OPERA DetectorOPERA Detector
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
5
434m100m
1095m 18m 5m 5m67m
27m
TBID
CNGS Conventional Neutrino Beams
p + C (interactions) K+ (decay in flight)
Produce pions and Kaons to make neutrinos
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
targetmagnetichorns
decay tunnel
hadron absorber
muon detector pit 1
muon detector pit 2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
6
Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beam
Nominal energy [GeV] 400
Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7
Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016
Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20
extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms
Batch length [s] 105
of bunches per pulse 2100
Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24
Bunch length [ns] (4) 2
Bunch spacing [ns] 5
Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20
Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm
Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target
500kW beam power
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
7
CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long
Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
27mm interaction length
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines
Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
8
CNGS Horn and Reflector
bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)
Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit
ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop
ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections
ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change
035 m
inner conductor
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
9
60cm
270cm
1125cm
bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)
bull 2 x 1 movable monitor
LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separation
bull N2 gas filling
CNGS
bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
Muon Monitors
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
10
Radiation Issues - 2007 CNGS Run
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the
CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence) radiation levels predicted by simulations too high for off the shelf components -COTS
High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Ventilation units in the service gallery
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
11
Modifications in Shutdown 200708 due to Radiation Issues
1 Move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel area2 Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS3 Add shielding concrete walls up to 6m thick in total ~53m3 concrete
ndash Movable shielding plugs in TSG4 and TSG41 remotely controlled connected to access system will be opened before any access to CNGS is granted
ndash Bypass of ventilation ducts decrease radiation by up to a factor 106
Side effectndash CNGS triggered a large campaign for rad-hardness for LHCndash CNGS serves as test bed for parasitic irradiations of LHC and others
Target Chamber
ServiceGallery
Proton Beam Line target horn He tube 1 reflector He tube 2 decay tube
hellipelectronics equipment
Radiation lsquosafersquo area for electronics
TCV4
Parasitic LHC Radiation Test Facility
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
12
Photo Gallery- Motorized Shielding PlugsPPP-TSG415 tons moves on 6 slope
PPP-TSG4120 tons moves on flat surface
Plugs connected to access system and remotely controlledOpen before an access to CNGS is granted
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
13
Junction to Target Chamber
2007
2008
View from ventilation chamber into target chamber
2008
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues ndash Photo Gallery
2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
15
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)
ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorMuon detectors very sensitive to any beam change ndashgive online feedback for neutrino beam quality
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
16
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute comparison within
5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
CNGS 2008 Performance and Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
18
CNGS Run 2008
Excellent performance of the CNGS FacilityCNGS modifications finished successfully
bull no radiation problemseffects in the electronics during the entire run 2008
bull excellent hornreflector performance during 2008 run
Beam line equipment bull Working well and stable (target horns detectorshellip)
18 June ndash 3 November 2008 178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentndash 10100 on-time eventsndash 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
19
Supercycle48s supercycleNorth Area 3 CNGS 1LHC1MD 375 CNGS duty cycle
504s supercycle7 CNGS 1 LHC 83 CNGS duty cycle
SFTPRO 3xCNGS LHC MD 4x CNGS2xCNGS MTECNGS
LHC
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
20
CNGS Run 2008 18 June- 03 Nov 2008
0
2E+18
4E+18
6E+18
8E+18
1E+19
12E+19
14E+19
16E+19
18E+19
18-J
un
28-J
un
8-J
ul
18-J
ul
28-J
ul
7-A
ug
17-A
ug
27-A
ug
6-S
ep
16-S
ep
26-S
ep
6-O
ct
16-O
ct
26-O
ct
5-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
po
t
Total 1781019 pot
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange septum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
CNGS maintenance
SPS extraction line Magnet ground fault MD
CNGS maintenance
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Nominal 45 1019 potyr for 5 years
Beam to CNGSLHC FT MD
Beam to CNGSLHC FT
Beam to CNGS MD
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
21
SPS Efficiency for CNGSCNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Integrated efficiency 6094
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
22
Beam Intensity
SPS beam intensityextraction
Error rms spread
RF problems
Number of extractions during 2008 run
Almost 1 million - 995000
Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF
Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 92Injection losses ~ 6
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Proton beam data courtesy of J Wenninger
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
Beam StabilityTarget Beam Positionbull Excellent position stability ~50microns over entire runbull No active position feedback is necessary
ndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Beam Stability seen in Muon Monitorsbull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~3cm rmsbull Beam position correlated to beam position on target
ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on T40
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
10
29
00
0
10
29
02
8
10
29
05
7
10
29
12
6
10
29
15
5
10
29
22
4
10
29
25
2
10
29
32
1
10
29
35
0
10
29
41
9
10
29
44
8
10
29
51
6
10
29
54
5
10
29
61
4
10
29
64
3
cm
5cm shift of muon profile centroid
~80m parallel beam shift
Centroid of horizontal profile pit2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
24
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Excellent agreement
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
pit 1 Horizontal
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 1
pit 1 Vertical
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 2
pit 2 Horizontal
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 2
P
Sal
a et
al
FLU
KA
sim
ulat
ion
s 20
08
MeasurementsSimulations
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
25
OPERA
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
26
bull Total target massndash 12 kton146621 emulsion-lead bricks
bull 2 super modules ndash Spectrometer 22 RPC planes in
magnetic field (15T) 6 Drift tube planes
ndash Target 27 lead emulsion brick walls alternated with scintillator planes
The OPERA DetectorOPERA Detector
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
6
Beam parameters Nominal CNGS beam
Nominal energy [GeV] 400
Normalized emittance [m] H=12 V=7
Emittance [m] H=0028 V= 0016
Momentum spread pp 007 +- 20
extractions per cycle 2 separated by 50 ms
Batch length [s] 105
of bunches per pulse 2100
Intensity per extraction [1013 p] 24
Bunch length [ns] (4) 2
Bunch spacing [ns] 5
Beta at focus [m] hor 10 vert 20
Beam sizes at 400 GeV [mm] 05 mm
Beam divergence [mrad] hor 005 vert 003
CNGS Proton Beam Parameters
Expected beam performance 45 x 1019 protonsyear on target
500kW beam power
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
7
CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long
Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
27mm interaction length
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines
Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
8
CNGS Horn and Reflector
bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)
Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit
ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop
ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections
ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change
035 m
inner conductor
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
9
60cm
270cm
1125cm
bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)
bull 2 x 1 movable monitor
LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separation
bull N2 gas filling
CNGS
bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
Muon Monitors
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
10
Radiation Issues - 2007 CNGS Run
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the
CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence) radiation levels predicted by simulations too high for off the shelf components -COTS
High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Ventilation units in the service gallery
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
11
Modifications in Shutdown 200708 due to Radiation Issues
1 Move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel area2 Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS3 Add shielding concrete walls up to 6m thick in total ~53m3 concrete
ndash Movable shielding plugs in TSG4 and TSG41 remotely controlled connected to access system will be opened before any access to CNGS is granted
ndash Bypass of ventilation ducts decrease radiation by up to a factor 106
Side effectndash CNGS triggered a large campaign for rad-hardness for LHCndash CNGS serves as test bed for parasitic irradiations of LHC and others
Target Chamber
ServiceGallery
Proton Beam Line target horn He tube 1 reflector He tube 2 decay tube
hellipelectronics equipment
Radiation lsquosafersquo area for electronics
TCV4
Parasitic LHC Radiation Test Facility
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
12
Photo Gallery- Motorized Shielding PlugsPPP-TSG415 tons moves on 6 slope
PPP-TSG4120 tons moves on flat surface
Plugs connected to access system and remotely controlledOpen before an access to CNGS is granted
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
13
Junction to Target Chamber
2007
2008
View from ventilation chamber into target chamber
2008
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues ndash Photo Gallery
2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
15
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)
ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorMuon detectors very sensitive to any beam change ndashgive online feedback for neutrino beam quality
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
16
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute comparison within
5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
CNGS 2008 Performance and Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
18
CNGS Run 2008
Excellent performance of the CNGS FacilityCNGS modifications finished successfully
bull no radiation problemseffects in the electronics during the entire run 2008
bull excellent hornreflector performance during 2008 run
Beam line equipment bull Working well and stable (target horns detectorshellip)
18 June ndash 3 November 2008 178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentndash 10100 on-time eventsndash 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
19
Supercycle48s supercycleNorth Area 3 CNGS 1LHC1MD 375 CNGS duty cycle
504s supercycle7 CNGS 1 LHC 83 CNGS duty cycle
SFTPRO 3xCNGS LHC MD 4x CNGS2xCNGS MTECNGS
LHC
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
20
CNGS Run 2008 18 June- 03 Nov 2008
0
2E+18
4E+18
6E+18
8E+18
1E+19
12E+19
14E+19
16E+19
18E+19
18-J
un
28-J
un
8-J
ul
18-J
ul
28-J
ul
7-A
ug
17-A
ug
27-A
ug
6-S
ep
16-S
ep
26-S
ep
6-O
ct
16-O
ct
26-O
ct
5-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
po
t
Total 1781019 pot
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange septum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
CNGS maintenance
SPS extraction line Magnet ground fault MD
CNGS maintenance
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Nominal 45 1019 potyr for 5 years
Beam to CNGSLHC FT MD
Beam to CNGSLHC FT
Beam to CNGS MD
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
21
SPS Efficiency for CNGSCNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Integrated efficiency 6094
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
22
Beam Intensity
SPS beam intensityextraction
Error rms spread
RF problems
Number of extractions during 2008 run
Almost 1 million - 995000
Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF
Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 92Injection losses ~ 6
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Proton beam data courtesy of J Wenninger
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
Beam StabilityTarget Beam Positionbull Excellent position stability ~50microns over entire runbull No active position feedback is necessary
ndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Beam Stability seen in Muon Monitorsbull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~3cm rmsbull Beam position correlated to beam position on target
ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on T40
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
10
29
00
0
10
29
02
8
10
29
05
7
10
29
12
6
10
29
15
5
10
29
22
4
10
29
25
2
10
29
32
1
10
29
35
0
10
29
41
9
10
29
44
8
10
29
51
6
10
29
54
5
10
29
61
4
10
29
64
3
cm
5cm shift of muon profile centroid
~80m parallel beam shift
Centroid of horizontal profile pit2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
24
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Excellent agreement
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
pit 1 Horizontal
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 1
pit 1 Vertical
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 2
pit 2 Horizontal
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 2
P
Sal
a et
al
FLU
KA
sim
ulat
ion
s 20
08
MeasurementsSimulations
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
25
OPERA
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
26
bull Total target massndash 12 kton146621 emulsion-lead bricks
bull 2 super modules ndash Spectrometer 22 RPC planes in
magnetic field (15T) 6 Drift tube planes
ndash Target 27 lead emulsion brick walls alternated with scintillator planes
The OPERA DetectorOPERA Detector
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
7
CNGS Target13 graphite rods each 10cm long
Oslash = 5mm andor 4mm
27mm interaction length
Ten targets (+1 prototype) have been built Assembled in two magazines
Target magazine 1 unit used 4 in-situ spares CNGS Facility ndash Layout
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
8
CNGS Horn and Reflector
bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)
Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit
ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop
ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections
ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change
035 m
inner conductor
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
9
60cm
270cm
1125cm
bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)
bull 2 x 1 movable monitor
LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separation
bull N2 gas filling
CNGS
bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
Muon Monitors
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
10
Radiation Issues - 2007 CNGS Run
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the
CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence) radiation levels predicted by simulations too high for off the shelf components -COTS
High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Ventilation units in the service gallery
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
11
Modifications in Shutdown 200708 due to Radiation Issues
1 Move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel area2 Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS3 Add shielding concrete walls up to 6m thick in total ~53m3 concrete
ndash Movable shielding plugs in TSG4 and TSG41 remotely controlled connected to access system will be opened before any access to CNGS is granted
ndash Bypass of ventilation ducts decrease radiation by up to a factor 106
Side effectndash CNGS triggered a large campaign for rad-hardness for LHCndash CNGS serves as test bed for parasitic irradiations of LHC and others
Target Chamber
ServiceGallery
Proton Beam Line target horn He tube 1 reflector He tube 2 decay tube
hellipelectronics equipment
Radiation lsquosafersquo area for electronics
TCV4
Parasitic LHC Radiation Test Facility
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
12
Photo Gallery- Motorized Shielding PlugsPPP-TSG415 tons moves on 6 slope
PPP-TSG4120 tons moves on flat surface
Plugs connected to access system and remotely controlledOpen before an access to CNGS is granted
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
13
Junction to Target Chamber
2007
2008
View from ventilation chamber into target chamber
2008
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues ndash Photo Gallery
2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
15
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)
ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorMuon detectors very sensitive to any beam change ndashgive online feedback for neutrino beam quality
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
16
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute comparison within
5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
CNGS 2008 Performance and Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
18
CNGS Run 2008
Excellent performance of the CNGS FacilityCNGS modifications finished successfully
bull no radiation problemseffects in the electronics during the entire run 2008
bull excellent hornreflector performance during 2008 run
Beam line equipment bull Working well and stable (target horns detectorshellip)
18 June ndash 3 November 2008 178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentndash 10100 on-time eventsndash 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
19
Supercycle48s supercycleNorth Area 3 CNGS 1LHC1MD 375 CNGS duty cycle
504s supercycle7 CNGS 1 LHC 83 CNGS duty cycle
SFTPRO 3xCNGS LHC MD 4x CNGS2xCNGS MTECNGS
LHC
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
20
CNGS Run 2008 18 June- 03 Nov 2008
0
2E+18
4E+18
6E+18
8E+18
1E+19
12E+19
14E+19
16E+19
18E+19
18-J
un
28-J
un
8-J
ul
18-J
ul
28-J
ul
7-A
ug
17-A
ug
27-A
ug
6-S
ep
16-S
ep
26-S
ep
6-O
ct
16-O
ct
26-O
ct
5-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
po
t
Total 1781019 pot
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange septum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
CNGS maintenance
SPS extraction line Magnet ground fault MD
CNGS maintenance
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Nominal 45 1019 potyr for 5 years
Beam to CNGSLHC FT MD
Beam to CNGSLHC FT
Beam to CNGS MD
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
21
SPS Efficiency for CNGSCNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Integrated efficiency 6094
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
22
Beam Intensity
SPS beam intensityextraction
Error rms spread
RF problems
Number of extractions during 2008 run
Almost 1 million - 995000
Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF
Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 92Injection losses ~ 6
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Proton beam data courtesy of J Wenninger
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
Beam StabilityTarget Beam Positionbull Excellent position stability ~50microns over entire runbull No active position feedback is necessary
ndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Beam Stability seen in Muon Monitorsbull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~3cm rmsbull Beam position correlated to beam position on target
ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on T40
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
10
29
00
0
10
29
02
8
10
29
05
7
10
29
12
6
10
29
15
5
10
29
22
4
10
29
25
2
10
29
32
1
10
29
35
0
10
29
41
9
10
29
44
8
10
29
51
6
10
29
54
5
10
29
61
4
10
29
64
3
cm
5cm shift of muon profile centroid
~80m parallel beam shift
Centroid of horizontal profile pit2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
24
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Excellent agreement
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
pit 1 Horizontal
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 1
pit 1 Vertical
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 2
pit 2 Horizontal
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 2
P
Sal
a et
al
FLU
KA
sim
ulat
ion
s 20
08
MeasurementsSimulations
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
25
OPERA
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
26
bull Total target massndash 12 kton146621 emulsion-lead bricks
bull 2 super modules ndash Spectrometer 22 RPC planes in
magnetic field (15T) 6 Drift tube planes
ndash Target 27 lead emulsion brick walls alternated with scintillator planes
The OPERA DetectorOPERA Detector
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
8
CNGS Horn and Reflector
bull 150kA180kA pulsedbull 7m long inner conductor 18mm thickbull Designed for 2107 pulsesbull Water cooling to evacuate 26kWbull 1 spare horn (no reflector yet)
Design featuresbull Water cooling circuit
ndash In situ spare easy switchbull ltlt1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1w stop
ndash Remote water connectionbull Remote handling amp electrical connections
ndash ltlt 1mSv total dose after 1y beam 1m stopbull Remote and quick polarity change
035 m
inner conductor
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
9
60cm
270cm
1125cm
bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)
bull 2 x 1 movable monitor
LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separation
bull N2 gas filling
CNGS
bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
Muon Monitors
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
10
Radiation Issues - 2007 CNGS Run
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the
CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence) radiation levels predicted by simulations too high for off the shelf components -COTS
High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Ventilation units in the service gallery
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
11
Modifications in Shutdown 200708 due to Radiation Issues
1 Move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel area2 Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS3 Add shielding concrete walls up to 6m thick in total ~53m3 concrete
ndash Movable shielding plugs in TSG4 and TSG41 remotely controlled connected to access system will be opened before any access to CNGS is granted
ndash Bypass of ventilation ducts decrease radiation by up to a factor 106
Side effectndash CNGS triggered a large campaign for rad-hardness for LHCndash CNGS serves as test bed for parasitic irradiations of LHC and others
Target Chamber
ServiceGallery
Proton Beam Line target horn He tube 1 reflector He tube 2 decay tube
hellipelectronics equipment
Radiation lsquosafersquo area for electronics
TCV4
Parasitic LHC Radiation Test Facility
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
12
Photo Gallery- Motorized Shielding PlugsPPP-TSG415 tons moves on 6 slope
PPP-TSG4120 tons moves on flat surface
Plugs connected to access system and remotely controlledOpen before an access to CNGS is granted
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
13
Junction to Target Chamber
2007
2008
View from ventilation chamber into target chamber
2008
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues ndash Photo Gallery
2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
15
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)
ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorMuon detectors very sensitive to any beam change ndashgive online feedback for neutrino beam quality
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
16
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute comparison within
5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
CNGS 2008 Performance and Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
18
CNGS Run 2008
Excellent performance of the CNGS FacilityCNGS modifications finished successfully
bull no radiation problemseffects in the electronics during the entire run 2008
bull excellent hornreflector performance during 2008 run
Beam line equipment bull Working well and stable (target horns detectorshellip)
18 June ndash 3 November 2008 178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentndash 10100 on-time eventsndash 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
19
Supercycle48s supercycleNorth Area 3 CNGS 1LHC1MD 375 CNGS duty cycle
504s supercycle7 CNGS 1 LHC 83 CNGS duty cycle
SFTPRO 3xCNGS LHC MD 4x CNGS2xCNGS MTECNGS
LHC
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
20
CNGS Run 2008 18 June- 03 Nov 2008
0
2E+18
4E+18
6E+18
8E+18
1E+19
12E+19
14E+19
16E+19
18E+19
18-J
un
28-J
un
8-J
ul
18-J
ul
28-J
ul
7-A
ug
17-A
ug
27-A
ug
6-S
ep
16-S
ep
26-S
ep
6-O
ct
16-O
ct
26-O
ct
5-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
po
t
Total 1781019 pot
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange septum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
CNGS maintenance
SPS extraction line Magnet ground fault MD
CNGS maintenance
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Nominal 45 1019 potyr for 5 years
Beam to CNGSLHC FT MD
Beam to CNGSLHC FT
Beam to CNGS MD
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
21
SPS Efficiency for CNGSCNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Integrated efficiency 6094
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
22
Beam Intensity
SPS beam intensityextraction
Error rms spread
RF problems
Number of extractions during 2008 run
Almost 1 million - 995000
Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF
Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 92Injection losses ~ 6
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Proton beam data courtesy of J Wenninger
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
Beam StabilityTarget Beam Positionbull Excellent position stability ~50microns over entire runbull No active position feedback is necessary
ndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Beam Stability seen in Muon Monitorsbull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~3cm rmsbull Beam position correlated to beam position on target
ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on T40
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
10
29
00
0
10
29
02
8
10
29
05
7
10
29
12
6
10
29
15
5
10
29
22
4
10
29
25
2
10
29
32
1
10
29
35
0
10
29
41
9
10
29
44
8
10
29
51
6
10
29
54
5
10
29
61
4
10
29
64
3
cm
5cm shift of muon profile centroid
~80m parallel beam shift
Centroid of horizontal profile pit2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
24
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Excellent agreement
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
pit 1 Horizontal
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 1
pit 1 Vertical
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 2
pit 2 Horizontal
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 2
P
Sal
a et
al
FLU
KA
sim
ulat
ion
s 20
08
MeasurementsSimulations
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
25
OPERA
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
26
bull Total target massndash 12 kton146621 emulsion-lead bricks
bull 2 super modules ndash Spectrometer 22 RPC planes in
magnetic field (15T) 6 Drift tube planes
ndash Target 27 lead emulsion brick walls alternated with scintillator planes
The OPERA DetectorOPERA Detector
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
9
60cm
270cm
1125cm
bull 2 x 41 fixed monitors (Ionization Chambers)
bull 2 x 1 movable monitor
LHC type Beam Loss Monitorsbull Stainless steel cylinder bull Al electrodes 05cm separation
bull N2 gas filling
CNGS
bull Muon Intensityndash Up to 8 107 cm2105s
CNGS Facility ndash Layout and Main Parameters
Muon Monitors
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
10
Radiation Issues - 2007 CNGS Run
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the
CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence) radiation levels predicted by simulations too high for off the shelf components -COTS
High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Ventilation units in the service gallery
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
11
Modifications in Shutdown 200708 due to Radiation Issues
1 Move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel area2 Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS3 Add shielding concrete walls up to 6m thick in total ~53m3 concrete
ndash Movable shielding plugs in TSG4 and TSG41 remotely controlled connected to access system will be opened before any access to CNGS is granted
ndash Bypass of ventilation ducts decrease radiation by up to a factor 106
Side effectndash CNGS triggered a large campaign for rad-hardness for LHCndash CNGS serves as test bed for parasitic irradiations of LHC and others
Target Chamber
ServiceGallery
Proton Beam Line target horn He tube 1 reflector He tube 2 decay tube
hellipelectronics equipment
Radiation lsquosafersquo area for electronics
TCV4
Parasitic LHC Radiation Test Facility
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
12
Photo Gallery- Motorized Shielding PlugsPPP-TSG415 tons moves on 6 slope
PPP-TSG4120 tons moves on flat surface
Plugs connected to access system and remotely controlledOpen before an access to CNGS is granted
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
13
Junction to Target Chamber
2007
2008
View from ventilation chamber into target chamber
2008
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues ndash Photo Gallery
2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
15
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)
ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorMuon detectors very sensitive to any beam change ndashgive online feedback for neutrino beam quality
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
16
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute comparison within
5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
CNGS 2008 Performance and Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
18
CNGS Run 2008
Excellent performance of the CNGS FacilityCNGS modifications finished successfully
bull no radiation problemseffects in the electronics during the entire run 2008
bull excellent hornreflector performance during 2008 run
Beam line equipment bull Working well and stable (target horns detectorshellip)
18 June ndash 3 November 2008 178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentndash 10100 on-time eventsndash 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
19
Supercycle48s supercycleNorth Area 3 CNGS 1LHC1MD 375 CNGS duty cycle
504s supercycle7 CNGS 1 LHC 83 CNGS duty cycle
SFTPRO 3xCNGS LHC MD 4x CNGS2xCNGS MTECNGS
LHC
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
20
CNGS Run 2008 18 June- 03 Nov 2008
0
2E+18
4E+18
6E+18
8E+18
1E+19
12E+19
14E+19
16E+19
18E+19
18-J
un
28-J
un
8-J
ul
18-J
ul
28-J
ul
7-A
ug
17-A
ug
27-A
ug
6-S
ep
16-S
ep
26-S
ep
6-O
ct
16-O
ct
26-O
ct
5-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
po
t
Total 1781019 pot
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange septum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
CNGS maintenance
SPS extraction line Magnet ground fault MD
CNGS maintenance
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Nominal 45 1019 potyr for 5 years
Beam to CNGSLHC FT MD
Beam to CNGSLHC FT
Beam to CNGS MD
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
21
SPS Efficiency for CNGSCNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Integrated efficiency 6094
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
22
Beam Intensity
SPS beam intensityextraction
Error rms spread
RF problems
Number of extractions during 2008 run
Almost 1 million - 995000
Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF
Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 92Injection losses ~ 6
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Proton beam data courtesy of J Wenninger
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
Beam StabilityTarget Beam Positionbull Excellent position stability ~50microns over entire runbull No active position feedback is necessary
ndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Beam Stability seen in Muon Monitorsbull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~3cm rmsbull Beam position correlated to beam position on target
ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on T40
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
10
29
00
0
10
29
02
8
10
29
05
7
10
29
12
6
10
29
15
5
10
29
22
4
10
29
25
2
10
29
32
1
10
29
35
0
10
29
41
9
10
29
44
8
10
29
51
6
10
29
54
5
10
29
61
4
10
29
64
3
cm
5cm shift of muon profile centroid
~80m parallel beam shift
Centroid of horizontal profile pit2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
24
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Excellent agreement
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
pit 1 Horizontal
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 1
pit 1 Vertical
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 2
pit 2 Horizontal
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 2
P
Sal
a et
al
FLU
KA
sim
ulat
ion
s 20
08
MeasurementsSimulations
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
25
OPERA
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
26
bull Total target massndash 12 kton146621 emulsion-lead bricks
bull 2 super modules ndash Spectrometer 22 RPC planes in
magnetic field (15T) 6 Drift tube planes
ndash Target 27 lead emulsion brick walls alternated with scintillator planes
The OPERA DetectorOPERA Detector
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
10
Radiation Issues - 2007 CNGS Run
bull During CNGS run 2007 ndash Failure in ventilation system installed in the
CNGS Service gallery due to radiation effects in electronics (SEU ndash Single Event Upsets- due to high energy hadron fluence) radiation levels predicted by simulations too high for off the shelf components -COTS
High-energy (gt20MeV) hadrons fluence (hcm2) for 45E19 pots
CNGS no surface building above CNGS target area large fraction of electronics in tunnel area
Ventilation units in the service gallery
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
A Ferrari L Sarchiapone et al FLUKA simulations 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
11
Modifications in Shutdown 200708 due to Radiation Issues
1 Move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel area2 Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS3 Add shielding concrete walls up to 6m thick in total ~53m3 concrete
ndash Movable shielding plugs in TSG4 and TSG41 remotely controlled connected to access system will be opened before any access to CNGS is granted
ndash Bypass of ventilation ducts decrease radiation by up to a factor 106
Side effectndash CNGS triggered a large campaign for rad-hardness for LHCndash CNGS serves as test bed for parasitic irradiations of LHC and others
Target Chamber
ServiceGallery
Proton Beam Line target horn He tube 1 reflector He tube 2 decay tube
hellipelectronics equipment
Radiation lsquosafersquo area for electronics
TCV4
Parasitic LHC Radiation Test Facility
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
12
Photo Gallery- Motorized Shielding PlugsPPP-TSG415 tons moves on 6 slope
PPP-TSG4120 tons moves on flat surface
Plugs connected to access system and remotely controlledOpen before an access to CNGS is granted
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
13
Junction to Target Chamber
2007
2008
View from ventilation chamber into target chamber
2008
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues ndash Photo Gallery
2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
15
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)
ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorMuon detectors very sensitive to any beam change ndashgive online feedback for neutrino beam quality
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
16
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute comparison within
5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
CNGS 2008 Performance and Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
18
CNGS Run 2008
Excellent performance of the CNGS FacilityCNGS modifications finished successfully
bull no radiation problemseffects in the electronics during the entire run 2008
bull excellent hornreflector performance during 2008 run
Beam line equipment bull Working well and stable (target horns detectorshellip)
18 June ndash 3 November 2008 178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentndash 10100 on-time eventsndash 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
19
Supercycle48s supercycleNorth Area 3 CNGS 1LHC1MD 375 CNGS duty cycle
504s supercycle7 CNGS 1 LHC 83 CNGS duty cycle
SFTPRO 3xCNGS LHC MD 4x CNGS2xCNGS MTECNGS
LHC
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
20
CNGS Run 2008 18 June- 03 Nov 2008
0
2E+18
4E+18
6E+18
8E+18
1E+19
12E+19
14E+19
16E+19
18E+19
18-J
un
28-J
un
8-J
ul
18-J
ul
28-J
ul
7-A
ug
17-A
ug
27-A
ug
6-S
ep
16-S
ep
26-S
ep
6-O
ct
16-O
ct
26-O
ct
5-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
po
t
Total 1781019 pot
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange septum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
CNGS maintenance
SPS extraction line Magnet ground fault MD
CNGS maintenance
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Nominal 45 1019 potyr for 5 years
Beam to CNGSLHC FT MD
Beam to CNGSLHC FT
Beam to CNGS MD
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
21
SPS Efficiency for CNGSCNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Integrated efficiency 6094
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
22
Beam Intensity
SPS beam intensityextraction
Error rms spread
RF problems
Number of extractions during 2008 run
Almost 1 million - 995000
Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF
Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 92Injection losses ~ 6
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Proton beam data courtesy of J Wenninger
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
Beam StabilityTarget Beam Positionbull Excellent position stability ~50microns over entire runbull No active position feedback is necessary
ndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Beam Stability seen in Muon Monitorsbull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~3cm rmsbull Beam position correlated to beam position on target
ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on T40
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
10
29
00
0
10
29
02
8
10
29
05
7
10
29
12
6
10
29
15
5
10
29
22
4
10
29
25
2
10
29
32
1
10
29
35
0
10
29
41
9
10
29
44
8
10
29
51
6
10
29
54
5
10
29
61
4
10
29
64
3
cm
5cm shift of muon profile centroid
~80m parallel beam shift
Centroid of horizontal profile pit2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
24
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Excellent agreement
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
pit 1 Horizontal
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 1
pit 1 Vertical
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 2
pit 2 Horizontal
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 2
P
Sal
a et
al
FLU
KA
sim
ulat
ion
s 20
08
MeasurementsSimulations
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
25
OPERA
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
26
bull Total target massndash 12 kton146621 emulsion-lead bricks
bull 2 super modules ndash Spectrometer 22 RPC planes in
magnetic field (15T) 6 Drift tube planes
ndash Target 27 lead emulsion brick walls alternated with scintillator planes
The OPERA DetectorOPERA Detector
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
11
Modifications in Shutdown 200708 due to Radiation Issues
1 Move as much electronics as possible out of CNGS tunnel area2 Create radiation safe area for electronics which needs to stay in CNGS3 Add shielding concrete walls up to 6m thick in total ~53m3 concrete
ndash Movable shielding plugs in TSG4 and TSG41 remotely controlled connected to access system will be opened before any access to CNGS is granted
ndash Bypass of ventilation ducts decrease radiation by up to a factor 106
Side effectndash CNGS triggered a large campaign for rad-hardness for LHCndash CNGS serves as test bed for parasitic irradiations of LHC and others
Target Chamber
ServiceGallery
Proton Beam Line target horn He tube 1 reflector He tube 2 decay tube
hellipelectronics equipment
Radiation lsquosafersquo area for electronics
TCV4
Parasitic LHC Radiation Test Facility
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
12
Photo Gallery- Motorized Shielding PlugsPPP-TSG415 tons moves on 6 slope
PPP-TSG4120 tons moves on flat surface
Plugs connected to access system and remotely controlledOpen before an access to CNGS is granted
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
13
Junction to Target Chamber
2007
2008
View from ventilation chamber into target chamber
2008
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues ndash Photo Gallery
2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
15
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)
ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorMuon detectors very sensitive to any beam change ndashgive online feedback for neutrino beam quality
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
16
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute comparison within
5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
CNGS 2008 Performance and Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
18
CNGS Run 2008
Excellent performance of the CNGS FacilityCNGS modifications finished successfully
bull no radiation problemseffects in the electronics during the entire run 2008
bull excellent hornreflector performance during 2008 run
Beam line equipment bull Working well and stable (target horns detectorshellip)
18 June ndash 3 November 2008 178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentndash 10100 on-time eventsndash 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
19
Supercycle48s supercycleNorth Area 3 CNGS 1LHC1MD 375 CNGS duty cycle
504s supercycle7 CNGS 1 LHC 83 CNGS duty cycle
SFTPRO 3xCNGS LHC MD 4x CNGS2xCNGS MTECNGS
LHC
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
20
CNGS Run 2008 18 June- 03 Nov 2008
0
2E+18
4E+18
6E+18
8E+18
1E+19
12E+19
14E+19
16E+19
18E+19
18-J
un
28-J
un
8-J
ul
18-J
ul
28-J
ul
7-A
ug
17-A
ug
27-A
ug
6-S
ep
16-S
ep
26-S
ep
6-O
ct
16-O
ct
26-O
ct
5-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
po
t
Total 1781019 pot
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange septum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
CNGS maintenance
SPS extraction line Magnet ground fault MD
CNGS maintenance
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Nominal 45 1019 potyr for 5 years
Beam to CNGSLHC FT MD
Beam to CNGSLHC FT
Beam to CNGS MD
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
21
SPS Efficiency for CNGSCNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Integrated efficiency 6094
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
22
Beam Intensity
SPS beam intensityextraction
Error rms spread
RF problems
Number of extractions during 2008 run
Almost 1 million - 995000
Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF
Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 92Injection losses ~ 6
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Proton beam data courtesy of J Wenninger
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
Beam StabilityTarget Beam Positionbull Excellent position stability ~50microns over entire runbull No active position feedback is necessary
ndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Beam Stability seen in Muon Monitorsbull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~3cm rmsbull Beam position correlated to beam position on target
ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on T40
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
10
29
00
0
10
29
02
8
10
29
05
7
10
29
12
6
10
29
15
5
10
29
22
4
10
29
25
2
10
29
32
1
10
29
35
0
10
29
41
9
10
29
44
8
10
29
51
6
10
29
54
5
10
29
61
4
10
29
64
3
cm
5cm shift of muon profile centroid
~80m parallel beam shift
Centroid of horizontal profile pit2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
24
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Excellent agreement
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
pit 1 Horizontal
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 1
pit 1 Vertical
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 2
pit 2 Horizontal
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 2
P
Sal
a et
al
FLU
KA
sim
ulat
ion
s 20
08
MeasurementsSimulations
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
25
OPERA
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
26
bull Total target massndash 12 kton146621 emulsion-lead bricks
bull 2 super modules ndash Spectrometer 22 RPC planes in
magnetic field (15T) 6 Drift tube planes
ndash Target 27 lead emulsion brick walls alternated with scintillator planes
The OPERA DetectorOPERA Detector
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
12
Photo Gallery- Motorized Shielding PlugsPPP-TSG415 tons moves on 6 slope
PPP-TSG4120 tons moves on flat surface
Plugs connected to access system and remotely controlledOpen before an access to CNGS is granted
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
13
Junction to Target Chamber
2007
2008
View from ventilation chamber into target chamber
2008
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues ndash Photo Gallery
2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
15
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)
ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorMuon detectors very sensitive to any beam change ndashgive online feedback for neutrino beam quality
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
16
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute comparison within
5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
CNGS 2008 Performance and Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
18
CNGS Run 2008
Excellent performance of the CNGS FacilityCNGS modifications finished successfully
bull no radiation problemseffects in the electronics during the entire run 2008
bull excellent hornreflector performance during 2008 run
Beam line equipment bull Working well and stable (target horns detectorshellip)
18 June ndash 3 November 2008 178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentndash 10100 on-time eventsndash 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
19
Supercycle48s supercycleNorth Area 3 CNGS 1LHC1MD 375 CNGS duty cycle
504s supercycle7 CNGS 1 LHC 83 CNGS duty cycle
SFTPRO 3xCNGS LHC MD 4x CNGS2xCNGS MTECNGS
LHC
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
20
CNGS Run 2008 18 June- 03 Nov 2008
0
2E+18
4E+18
6E+18
8E+18
1E+19
12E+19
14E+19
16E+19
18E+19
18-J
un
28-J
un
8-J
ul
18-J
ul
28-J
ul
7-A
ug
17-A
ug
27-A
ug
6-S
ep
16-S
ep
26-S
ep
6-O
ct
16-O
ct
26-O
ct
5-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
po
t
Total 1781019 pot
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange septum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
CNGS maintenance
SPS extraction line Magnet ground fault MD
CNGS maintenance
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Nominal 45 1019 potyr for 5 years
Beam to CNGSLHC FT MD
Beam to CNGSLHC FT
Beam to CNGS MD
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
21
SPS Efficiency for CNGSCNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Integrated efficiency 6094
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
22
Beam Intensity
SPS beam intensityextraction
Error rms spread
RF problems
Number of extractions during 2008 run
Almost 1 million - 995000
Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF
Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 92Injection losses ~ 6
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Proton beam data courtesy of J Wenninger
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
Beam StabilityTarget Beam Positionbull Excellent position stability ~50microns over entire runbull No active position feedback is necessary
ndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Beam Stability seen in Muon Monitorsbull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~3cm rmsbull Beam position correlated to beam position on target
ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on T40
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
10
29
00
0
10
29
02
8
10
29
05
7
10
29
12
6
10
29
15
5
10
29
22
4
10
29
25
2
10
29
32
1
10
29
35
0
10
29
41
9
10
29
44
8
10
29
51
6
10
29
54
5
10
29
61
4
10
29
64
3
cm
5cm shift of muon profile centroid
~80m parallel beam shift
Centroid of horizontal profile pit2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
24
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Excellent agreement
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
pit 1 Horizontal
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 1
pit 1 Vertical
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 2
pit 2 Horizontal
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 2
P
Sal
a et
al
FLU
KA
sim
ulat
ion
s 20
08
MeasurementsSimulations
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
25
OPERA
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
26
bull Total target massndash 12 kton146621 emulsion-lead bricks
bull 2 super modules ndash Spectrometer 22 RPC planes in
magnetic field (15T) 6 Drift tube planes
ndash Target 27 lead emulsion brick walls alternated with scintillator planes
The OPERA DetectorOPERA Detector
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
13
Junction to Target Chamber
2007
2008
View from ventilation chamber into target chamber
2008
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues ndash Photo Gallery
2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
15
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)
ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorMuon detectors very sensitive to any beam change ndashgive online feedback for neutrino beam quality
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
16
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute comparison within
5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
CNGS 2008 Performance and Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
18
CNGS Run 2008
Excellent performance of the CNGS FacilityCNGS modifications finished successfully
bull no radiation problemseffects in the electronics during the entire run 2008
bull excellent hornreflector performance during 2008 run
Beam line equipment bull Working well and stable (target horns detectorshellip)
18 June ndash 3 November 2008 178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentndash 10100 on-time eventsndash 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
19
Supercycle48s supercycleNorth Area 3 CNGS 1LHC1MD 375 CNGS duty cycle
504s supercycle7 CNGS 1 LHC 83 CNGS duty cycle
SFTPRO 3xCNGS LHC MD 4x CNGS2xCNGS MTECNGS
LHC
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
20
CNGS Run 2008 18 June- 03 Nov 2008
0
2E+18
4E+18
6E+18
8E+18
1E+19
12E+19
14E+19
16E+19
18E+19
18-J
un
28-J
un
8-J
ul
18-J
ul
28-J
ul
7-A
ug
17-A
ug
27-A
ug
6-S
ep
16-S
ep
26-S
ep
6-O
ct
16-O
ct
26-O
ct
5-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
po
t
Total 1781019 pot
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange septum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
CNGS maintenance
SPS extraction line Magnet ground fault MD
CNGS maintenance
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Nominal 45 1019 potyr for 5 years
Beam to CNGSLHC FT MD
Beam to CNGSLHC FT
Beam to CNGS MD
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
21
SPS Efficiency for CNGSCNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Integrated efficiency 6094
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
22
Beam Intensity
SPS beam intensityextraction
Error rms spread
RF problems
Number of extractions during 2008 run
Almost 1 million - 995000
Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF
Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 92Injection losses ~ 6
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Proton beam data courtesy of J Wenninger
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
Beam StabilityTarget Beam Positionbull Excellent position stability ~50microns over entire runbull No active position feedback is necessary
ndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Beam Stability seen in Muon Monitorsbull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~3cm rmsbull Beam position correlated to beam position on target
ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on T40
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
10
29
00
0
10
29
02
8
10
29
05
7
10
29
12
6
10
29
15
5
10
29
22
4
10
29
25
2
10
29
32
1
10
29
35
0
10
29
41
9
10
29
44
8
10
29
51
6
10
29
54
5
10
29
61
4
10
29
64
3
cm
5cm shift of muon profile centroid
~80m parallel beam shift
Centroid of horizontal profile pit2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
24
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Excellent agreement
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
pit 1 Horizontal
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 1
pit 1 Vertical
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 2
pit 2 Horizontal
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 2
P
Sal
a et
al
FLU
KA
sim
ulat
ion
s 20
08
MeasurementsSimulations
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
25
OPERA
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
26
bull Total target massndash 12 kton146621 emulsion-lead bricks
bull 2 super modules ndash Spectrometer 22 RPC planes in
magnetic field (15T) 6 Drift tube planes
ndash Target 27 lead emulsion brick walls alternated with scintillator planes
The OPERA DetectorOPERA Detector
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
ABMB 14 Oct 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
14
target
muon detectors pit 1
muon detectors pit 2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
15
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)
ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorMuon detectors very sensitive to any beam change ndashgive online feedback for neutrino beam quality
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
16
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute comparison within
5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
CNGS 2008 Performance and Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
18
CNGS Run 2008
Excellent performance of the CNGS FacilityCNGS modifications finished successfully
bull no radiation problemseffects in the electronics during the entire run 2008
bull excellent hornreflector performance during 2008 run
Beam line equipment bull Working well and stable (target horns detectorshellip)
18 June ndash 3 November 2008 178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentndash 10100 on-time eventsndash 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
19
Supercycle48s supercycleNorth Area 3 CNGS 1LHC1MD 375 CNGS duty cycle
504s supercycle7 CNGS 1 LHC 83 CNGS duty cycle
SFTPRO 3xCNGS LHC MD 4x CNGS2xCNGS MTECNGS
LHC
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
20
CNGS Run 2008 18 June- 03 Nov 2008
0
2E+18
4E+18
6E+18
8E+18
1E+19
12E+19
14E+19
16E+19
18E+19
18-J
un
28-J
un
8-J
ul
18-J
ul
28-J
ul
7-A
ug
17-A
ug
27-A
ug
6-S
ep
16-S
ep
26-S
ep
6-O
ct
16-O
ct
26-O
ct
5-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
po
t
Total 1781019 pot
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange septum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
CNGS maintenance
SPS extraction line Magnet ground fault MD
CNGS maintenance
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Nominal 45 1019 potyr for 5 years
Beam to CNGSLHC FT MD
Beam to CNGSLHC FT
Beam to CNGS MD
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
21
SPS Efficiency for CNGSCNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Integrated efficiency 6094
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
22
Beam Intensity
SPS beam intensityextraction
Error rms spread
RF problems
Number of extractions during 2008 run
Almost 1 million - 995000
Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF
Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 92Injection losses ~ 6
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Proton beam data courtesy of J Wenninger
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
Beam StabilityTarget Beam Positionbull Excellent position stability ~50microns over entire runbull No active position feedback is necessary
ndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Beam Stability seen in Muon Monitorsbull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~3cm rmsbull Beam position correlated to beam position on target
ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on T40
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
10
29
00
0
10
29
02
8
10
29
05
7
10
29
12
6
10
29
15
5
10
29
22
4
10
29
25
2
10
29
32
1
10
29
35
0
10
29
41
9
10
29
44
8
10
29
51
6
10
29
54
5
10
29
61
4
10
29
64
3
cm
5cm shift of muon profile centroid
~80m parallel beam shift
Centroid of horizontal profile pit2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
24
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Excellent agreement
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
pit 1 Horizontal
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 1
pit 1 Vertical
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 2
pit 2 Horizontal
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 2
P
Sal
a et
al
FLU
KA
sim
ulat
ion
s 20
08
MeasurementsSimulations
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
25
OPERA
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
26
bull Total target massndash 12 kton146621 emulsion-lead bricks
bull 2 super modules ndash Spectrometer 22 RPC planes in
magnetic field (15T) 6 Drift tube planes
ndash Target 27 lead emulsion brick walls alternated with scintillator planes
The OPERA DetectorOPERA Detector
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
15
CNGS Polarity Puzzle
bull Observation of asymmetry in horizontal direction between
ndash Neutrino (focusing of mesons with positive charge)
ndash Anti-neutrino (focusing of mesons with negative charge)
270cm
1125cm
Muon DetectorMuon detectors very sensitive to any beam change ndashgive online feedback for neutrino beam quality
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
16
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute comparison within
5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
CNGS 2008 Performance and Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
18
CNGS Run 2008
Excellent performance of the CNGS FacilityCNGS modifications finished successfully
bull no radiation problemseffects in the electronics during the entire run 2008
bull excellent hornreflector performance during 2008 run
Beam line equipment bull Working well and stable (target horns detectorshellip)
18 June ndash 3 November 2008 178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentndash 10100 on-time eventsndash 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
19
Supercycle48s supercycleNorth Area 3 CNGS 1LHC1MD 375 CNGS duty cycle
504s supercycle7 CNGS 1 LHC 83 CNGS duty cycle
SFTPRO 3xCNGS LHC MD 4x CNGS2xCNGS MTECNGS
LHC
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
20
CNGS Run 2008 18 June- 03 Nov 2008
0
2E+18
4E+18
6E+18
8E+18
1E+19
12E+19
14E+19
16E+19
18E+19
18-J
un
28-J
un
8-J
ul
18-J
ul
28-J
ul
7-A
ug
17-A
ug
27-A
ug
6-S
ep
16-S
ep
26-S
ep
6-O
ct
16-O
ct
26-O
ct
5-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
po
t
Total 1781019 pot
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange septum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
CNGS maintenance
SPS extraction line Magnet ground fault MD
CNGS maintenance
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Nominal 45 1019 potyr for 5 years
Beam to CNGSLHC FT MD
Beam to CNGSLHC FT
Beam to CNGS MD
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
21
SPS Efficiency for CNGSCNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Integrated efficiency 6094
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
22
Beam Intensity
SPS beam intensityextraction
Error rms spread
RF problems
Number of extractions during 2008 run
Almost 1 million - 995000
Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF
Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 92Injection losses ~ 6
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Proton beam data courtesy of J Wenninger
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
Beam StabilityTarget Beam Positionbull Excellent position stability ~50microns over entire runbull No active position feedback is necessary
ndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Beam Stability seen in Muon Monitorsbull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~3cm rmsbull Beam position correlated to beam position on target
ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on T40
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
10
29
00
0
10
29
02
8
10
29
05
7
10
29
12
6
10
29
15
5
10
29
22
4
10
29
25
2
10
29
32
1
10
29
35
0
10
29
41
9
10
29
44
8
10
29
51
6
10
29
54
5
10
29
61
4
10
29
64
3
cm
5cm shift of muon profile centroid
~80m parallel beam shift
Centroid of horizontal profile pit2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
24
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Excellent agreement
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
pit 1 Horizontal
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 1
pit 1 Vertical
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 2
pit 2 Horizontal
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 2
P
Sal
a et
al
FLU
KA
sim
ulat
ion
s 20
08
MeasurementsSimulations
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
25
OPERA
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
26
bull Total target massndash 12 kton146621 emulsion-lead bricks
bull 2 super modules ndash Spectrometer 22 RPC planes in
magnetic field (15T) 6 Drift tube planes
ndash Target 27 lead emulsion brick walls alternated with scintillator planes
The OPERA DetectorOPERA Detector
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
16
CNGS Polarity PuzzleExplanation Earth magnetic field in 1km long decay tube
ndash calculate B components in CNGS reference systemndash Partially shielding of magnetic field due to decay tube steel Results in shifts of the observed magnitude Measurements and simulations agree very well (absolute comparison within
5 in first muon pit)
Lines simulated fluxPoints measurementsNormalized to max=1
NeutrinoFocusing on
positive charge
Anti-neutrino Focusing on
negative charge
FL
UK
A s
imu
lati
on
s P
Sal
a et
al 2
008
CNGS Facility ndash Beam Startup Issues
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
CNGS 2008 Performance and Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
18
CNGS Run 2008
Excellent performance of the CNGS FacilityCNGS modifications finished successfully
bull no radiation problemseffects in the electronics during the entire run 2008
bull excellent hornreflector performance during 2008 run
Beam line equipment bull Working well and stable (target horns detectorshellip)
18 June ndash 3 November 2008 178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentndash 10100 on-time eventsndash 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
19
Supercycle48s supercycleNorth Area 3 CNGS 1LHC1MD 375 CNGS duty cycle
504s supercycle7 CNGS 1 LHC 83 CNGS duty cycle
SFTPRO 3xCNGS LHC MD 4x CNGS2xCNGS MTECNGS
LHC
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
20
CNGS Run 2008 18 June- 03 Nov 2008
0
2E+18
4E+18
6E+18
8E+18
1E+19
12E+19
14E+19
16E+19
18E+19
18-J
un
28-J
un
8-J
ul
18-J
ul
28-J
ul
7-A
ug
17-A
ug
27-A
ug
6-S
ep
16-S
ep
26-S
ep
6-O
ct
16-O
ct
26-O
ct
5-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
po
t
Total 1781019 pot
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange septum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
CNGS maintenance
SPS extraction line Magnet ground fault MD
CNGS maintenance
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Nominal 45 1019 potyr for 5 years
Beam to CNGSLHC FT MD
Beam to CNGSLHC FT
Beam to CNGS MD
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
21
SPS Efficiency for CNGSCNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Integrated efficiency 6094
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
22
Beam Intensity
SPS beam intensityextraction
Error rms spread
RF problems
Number of extractions during 2008 run
Almost 1 million - 995000
Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF
Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 92Injection losses ~ 6
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Proton beam data courtesy of J Wenninger
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
Beam StabilityTarget Beam Positionbull Excellent position stability ~50microns over entire runbull No active position feedback is necessary
ndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Beam Stability seen in Muon Monitorsbull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~3cm rmsbull Beam position correlated to beam position on target
ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on T40
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
10
29
00
0
10
29
02
8
10
29
05
7
10
29
12
6
10
29
15
5
10
29
22
4
10
29
25
2
10
29
32
1
10
29
35
0
10
29
41
9
10
29
44
8
10
29
51
6
10
29
54
5
10
29
61
4
10
29
64
3
cm
5cm shift of muon profile centroid
~80m parallel beam shift
Centroid of horizontal profile pit2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
24
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Excellent agreement
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
pit 1 Horizontal
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 1
pit 1 Vertical
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 2
pit 2 Horizontal
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 2
P
Sal
a et
al
FLU
KA
sim
ulat
ion
s 20
08
MeasurementsSimulations
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
25
OPERA
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
26
bull Total target massndash 12 kton146621 emulsion-lead bricks
bull 2 super modules ndash Spectrometer 22 RPC planes in
magnetic field (15T) 6 Drift tube planes
ndash Target 27 lead emulsion brick walls alternated with scintillator planes
The OPERA DetectorOPERA Detector
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
17
CNGS 2008 Performance and Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
18
CNGS Run 2008
Excellent performance of the CNGS FacilityCNGS modifications finished successfully
bull no radiation problemseffects in the electronics during the entire run 2008
bull excellent hornreflector performance during 2008 run
Beam line equipment bull Working well and stable (target horns detectorshellip)
18 June ndash 3 November 2008 178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentndash 10100 on-time eventsndash 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
19
Supercycle48s supercycleNorth Area 3 CNGS 1LHC1MD 375 CNGS duty cycle
504s supercycle7 CNGS 1 LHC 83 CNGS duty cycle
SFTPRO 3xCNGS LHC MD 4x CNGS2xCNGS MTECNGS
LHC
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
20
CNGS Run 2008 18 June- 03 Nov 2008
0
2E+18
4E+18
6E+18
8E+18
1E+19
12E+19
14E+19
16E+19
18E+19
18-J
un
28-J
un
8-J
ul
18-J
ul
28-J
ul
7-A
ug
17-A
ug
27-A
ug
6-S
ep
16-S
ep
26-S
ep
6-O
ct
16-O
ct
26-O
ct
5-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
po
t
Total 1781019 pot
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange septum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
CNGS maintenance
SPS extraction line Magnet ground fault MD
CNGS maintenance
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Nominal 45 1019 potyr for 5 years
Beam to CNGSLHC FT MD
Beam to CNGSLHC FT
Beam to CNGS MD
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
21
SPS Efficiency for CNGSCNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Integrated efficiency 6094
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
22
Beam Intensity
SPS beam intensityextraction
Error rms spread
RF problems
Number of extractions during 2008 run
Almost 1 million - 995000
Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF
Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 92Injection losses ~ 6
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Proton beam data courtesy of J Wenninger
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
Beam StabilityTarget Beam Positionbull Excellent position stability ~50microns over entire runbull No active position feedback is necessary
ndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Beam Stability seen in Muon Monitorsbull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~3cm rmsbull Beam position correlated to beam position on target
ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on T40
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
10
29
00
0
10
29
02
8
10
29
05
7
10
29
12
6
10
29
15
5
10
29
22
4
10
29
25
2
10
29
32
1
10
29
35
0
10
29
41
9
10
29
44
8
10
29
51
6
10
29
54
5
10
29
61
4
10
29
64
3
cm
5cm shift of muon profile centroid
~80m parallel beam shift
Centroid of horizontal profile pit2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
24
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Excellent agreement
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
pit 1 Horizontal
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 1
pit 1 Vertical
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 2
pit 2 Horizontal
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 2
P
Sal
a et
al
FLU
KA
sim
ulat
ion
s 20
08
MeasurementsSimulations
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
25
OPERA
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
26
bull Total target massndash 12 kton146621 emulsion-lead bricks
bull 2 super modules ndash Spectrometer 22 RPC planes in
magnetic field (15T) 6 Drift tube planes
ndash Target 27 lead emulsion brick walls alternated with scintillator planes
The OPERA DetectorOPERA Detector
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
18
CNGS Run 2008
Excellent performance of the CNGS FacilityCNGS modifications finished successfully
bull no radiation problemseffects in the electronics during the entire run 2008
bull excellent hornreflector performance during 2008 run
Beam line equipment bull Working well and stable (target horns detectorshellip)
18 June ndash 3 November 2008 178middot1019 protons on target
OPERA experimentndash 10100 on-time eventsndash 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
19
Supercycle48s supercycleNorth Area 3 CNGS 1LHC1MD 375 CNGS duty cycle
504s supercycle7 CNGS 1 LHC 83 CNGS duty cycle
SFTPRO 3xCNGS LHC MD 4x CNGS2xCNGS MTECNGS
LHC
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
20
CNGS Run 2008 18 June- 03 Nov 2008
0
2E+18
4E+18
6E+18
8E+18
1E+19
12E+19
14E+19
16E+19
18E+19
18-J
un
28-J
un
8-J
ul
18-J
ul
28-J
ul
7-A
ug
17-A
ug
27-A
ug
6-S
ep
16-S
ep
26-S
ep
6-O
ct
16-O
ct
26-O
ct
5-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
po
t
Total 1781019 pot
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange septum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
CNGS maintenance
SPS extraction line Magnet ground fault MD
CNGS maintenance
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Nominal 45 1019 potyr for 5 years
Beam to CNGSLHC FT MD
Beam to CNGSLHC FT
Beam to CNGS MD
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
21
SPS Efficiency for CNGSCNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Integrated efficiency 6094
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
22
Beam Intensity
SPS beam intensityextraction
Error rms spread
RF problems
Number of extractions during 2008 run
Almost 1 million - 995000
Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF
Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 92Injection losses ~ 6
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Proton beam data courtesy of J Wenninger
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
Beam StabilityTarget Beam Positionbull Excellent position stability ~50microns over entire runbull No active position feedback is necessary
ndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Beam Stability seen in Muon Monitorsbull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~3cm rmsbull Beam position correlated to beam position on target
ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on T40
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
10
29
00
0
10
29
02
8
10
29
05
7
10
29
12
6
10
29
15
5
10
29
22
4
10
29
25
2
10
29
32
1
10
29
35
0
10
29
41
9
10
29
44
8
10
29
51
6
10
29
54
5
10
29
61
4
10
29
64
3
cm
5cm shift of muon profile centroid
~80m parallel beam shift
Centroid of horizontal profile pit2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
24
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Excellent agreement
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
pit 1 Horizontal
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 1
pit 1 Vertical
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 2
pit 2 Horizontal
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 2
P
Sal
a et
al
FLU
KA
sim
ulat
ion
s 20
08
MeasurementsSimulations
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
25
OPERA
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
26
bull Total target massndash 12 kton146621 emulsion-lead bricks
bull 2 super modules ndash Spectrometer 22 RPC planes in
magnetic field (15T) 6 Drift tube planes
ndash Target 27 lead emulsion brick walls alternated with scintillator planes
The OPERA DetectorOPERA Detector
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
19
Supercycle48s supercycleNorth Area 3 CNGS 1LHC1MD 375 CNGS duty cycle
504s supercycle7 CNGS 1 LHC 83 CNGS duty cycle
SFTPRO 3xCNGS LHC MD 4x CNGS2xCNGS MTECNGS
LHC
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
20
CNGS Run 2008 18 June- 03 Nov 2008
0
2E+18
4E+18
6E+18
8E+18
1E+19
12E+19
14E+19
16E+19
18E+19
18-J
un
28-J
un
8-J
ul
18-J
ul
28-J
ul
7-A
ug
17-A
ug
27-A
ug
6-S
ep
16-S
ep
26-S
ep
6-O
ct
16-O
ct
26-O
ct
5-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
po
t
Total 1781019 pot
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange septum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
CNGS maintenance
SPS extraction line Magnet ground fault MD
CNGS maintenance
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Nominal 45 1019 potyr for 5 years
Beam to CNGSLHC FT MD
Beam to CNGSLHC FT
Beam to CNGS MD
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
21
SPS Efficiency for CNGSCNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Integrated efficiency 6094
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
22
Beam Intensity
SPS beam intensityextraction
Error rms spread
RF problems
Number of extractions during 2008 run
Almost 1 million - 995000
Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF
Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 92Injection losses ~ 6
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Proton beam data courtesy of J Wenninger
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
Beam StabilityTarget Beam Positionbull Excellent position stability ~50microns over entire runbull No active position feedback is necessary
ndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Beam Stability seen in Muon Monitorsbull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~3cm rmsbull Beam position correlated to beam position on target
ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on T40
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
10
29
00
0
10
29
02
8
10
29
05
7
10
29
12
6
10
29
15
5
10
29
22
4
10
29
25
2
10
29
32
1
10
29
35
0
10
29
41
9
10
29
44
8
10
29
51
6
10
29
54
5
10
29
61
4
10
29
64
3
cm
5cm shift of muon profile centroid
~80m parallel beam shift
Centroid of horizontal profile pit2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
24
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Excellent agreement
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
pit 1 Horizontal
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 1
pit 1 Vertical
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 2
pit 2 Horizontal
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 2
P
Sal
a et
al
FLU
KA
sim
ulat
ion
s 20
08
MeasurementsSimulations
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
25
OPERA
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
26
bull Total target massndash 12 kton146621 emulsion-lead bricks
bull 2 super modules ndash Spectrometer 22 RPC planes in
magnetic field (15T) 6 Drift tube planes
ndash Target 27 lead emulsion brick walls alternated with scintillator planes
The OPERA DetectorOPERA Detector
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
20
CNGS Run 2008 18 June- 03 Nov 2008
0
2E+18
4E+18
6E+18
8E+18
1E+19
12E+19
14E+19
16E+19
18E+19
18-J
un
28-J
un
8-J
ul
18-J
ul
28-J
ul
7-A
ug
17-A
ug
27-A
ug
6-S
ep
16-S
ep
26-S
ep
6-O
ct
16-O
ct
26-O
ct
5-N
ov
inte
gra
ted
po
t
Total 1781019 pot
18kV cable repair
MD
PS magnet exchange septum bakeout
MD
SPS timing faultvacuum leak amp magnet exchange
CNGS maintenance
SPS extraction line Magnet ground fault MD
CNGS maintenance
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Nominal 45 1019 potyr for 5 years
Beam to CNGSLHC FT MD
Beam to CNGSLHC FT
Beam to CNGS MD
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
21
SPS Efficiency for CNGSCNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Integrated efficiency 6094
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
22
Beam Intensity
SPS beam intensityextraction
Error rms spread
RF problems
Number of extractions during 2008 run
Almost 1 million - 995000
Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF
Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 92Injection losses ~ 6
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Proton beam data courtesy of J Wenninger
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
Beam StabilityTarget Beam Positionbull Excellent position stability ~50microns over entire runbull No active position feedback is necessary
ndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Beam Stability seen in Muon Monitorsbull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~3cm rmsbull Beam position correlated to beam position on target
ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on T40
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
10
29
00
0
10
29
02
8
10
29
05
7
10
29
12
6
10
29
15
5
10
29
22
4
10
29
25
2
10
29
32
1
10
29
35
0
10
29
41
9
10
29
44
8
10
29
51
6
10
29
54
5
10
29
61
4
10
29
64
3
cm
5cm shift of muon profile centroid
~80m parallel beam shift
Centroid of horizontal profile pit2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
24
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Excellent agreement
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
pit 1 Horizontal
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 1
pit 1 Vertical
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 2
pit 2 Horizontal
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 2
P
Sal
a et
al
FLU
KA
sim
ulat
ion
s 20
08
MeasurementsSimulations
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
25
OPERA
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
26
bull Total target massndash 12 kton146621 emulsion-lead bricks
bull 2 super modules ndash Spectrometer 22 RPC planes in
magnetic field (15T) 6 Drift tube planes
ndash Target 27 lead emulsion brick walls alternated with scintillator planes
The OPERA DetectorOPERA Detector
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
21
SPS Efficiency for CNGSCNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Integrated efficiency 6094
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
22
Beam Intensity
SPS beam intensityextraction
Error rms spread
RF problems
Number of extractions during 2008 run
Almost 1 million - 995000
Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF
Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 92Injection losses ~ 6
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Proton beam data courtesy of J Wenninger
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
Beam StabilityTarget Beam Positionbull Excellent position stability ~50microns over entire runbull No active position feedback is necessary
ndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Beam Stability seen in Muon Monitorsbull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~3cm rmsbull Beam position correlated to beam position on target
ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on T40
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
10
29
00
0
10
29
02
8
10
29
05
7
10
29
12
6
10
29
15
5
10
29
22
4
10
29
25
2
10
29
32
1
10
29
35
0
10
29
41
9
10
29
44
8
10
29
51
6
10
29
54
5
10
29
61
4
10
29
64
3
cm
5cm shift of muon profile centroid
~80m parallel beam shift
Centroid of horizontal profile pit2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
24
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Excellent agreement
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
pit 1 Horizontal
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 1
pit 1 Vertical
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 2
pit 2 Horizontal
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 2
P
Sal
a et
al
FLU
KA
sim
ulat
ion
s 20
08
MeasurementsSimulations
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
25
OPERA
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
26
bull Total target massndash 12 kton146621 emulsion-lead bricks
bull 2 super modules ndash Spectrometer 22 RPC planes in
magnetic field (15T) 6 Drift tube planes
ndash Target 27 lead emulsion brick walls alternated with scintillator planes
The OPERA DetectorOPERA Detector
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
22
Beam Intensity
SPS beam intensityextraction
Error rms spread
RF problems
Number of extractions during 2008 run
Almost 1 million - 995000
Intensity limitsbull Losses in the PSbull SPS RF
Typical transmission of the CNGS beam through the SPS cycle ~ 92Injection losses ~ 6
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Proton beam data courtesy of J Wenninger
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
Beam StabilityTarget Beam Positionbull Excellent position stability ~50microns over entire runbull No active position feedback is necessary
ndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Beam Stability seen in Muon Monitorsbull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~3cm rmsbull Beam position correlated to beam position on target
ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on T40
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
10
29
00
0
10
29
02
8
10
29
05
7
10
29
12
6
10
29
15
5
10
29
22
4
10
29
25
2
10
29
32
1
10
29
35
0
10
29
41
9
10
29
44
8
10
29
51
6
10
29
54
5
10
29
61
4
10
29
64
3
cm
5cm shift of muon profile centroid
~80m parallel beam shift
Centroid of horizontal profile pit2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
24
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Excellent agreement
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
pit 1 Horizontal
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 1
pit 1 Vertical
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 2
pit 2 Horizontal
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 2
P
Sal
a et
al
FLU
KA
sim
ulat
ion
s 20
08
MeasurementsSimulations
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
25
OPERA
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
26
bull Total target massndash 12 kton146621 emulsion-lead bricks
bull 2 super modules ndash Spectrometer 22 RPC planes in
magnetic field (15T) 6 Drift tube planes
ndash Target 27 lead emulsion brick walls alternated with scintillator planes
The OPERA DetectorOPERA Detector
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
23
Beam StabilityTarget Beam Positionbull Excellent position stability ~50microns over entire runbull No active position feedback is necessary
ndash 1-2 small steeringsweek only
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
Beam Stability seen in Muon Monitorsbull Position stability of muon beam in pit 2 is ~3cm rmsbull Beam position correlated to beam position on target
ndash Parallel displacement of primary beam on T40
-8
-7
-6
-5
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
10
29
00
0
10
29
02
8
10
29
05
7
10
29
12
6
10
29
15
5
10
29
22
4
10
29
25
2
10
29
32
1
10
29
35
0
10
29
41
9
10
29
44
8
10
29
51
6
10
29
54
5
10
29
61
4
10
29
64
3
cm
5cm shift of muon profile centroid
~80m parallel beam shift
Centroid of horizontal profile pit2
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
24
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Excellent agreement
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
pit 1 Horizontal
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 1
pit 1 Vertical
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 2
pit 2 Horizontal
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 2
P
Sal
a et
al
FLU
KA
sim
ulat
ion
s 20
08
MeasurementsSimulations
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
25
OPERA
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
26
bull Total target massndash 12 kton146621 emulsion-lead bricks
bull 2 super modules ndash Spectrometer 22 RPC planes in
magnetic field (15T) 6 Drift tube planes
ndash Target 27 lead emulsion brick walls alternated with scintillator planes
The OPERA DetectorOPERA Detector
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
24
Muon Monitors Measurements vs Simulations
Excellent agreement
CNGS Facility ndash Performance 2008
pit 1 Horizontal
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 1
pit 1 Vertical
0
005
01
015
02
025
03
035
04
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 1 pit 2 Vertical
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575
cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Vertical Profile Pit 2
pit 2 Horizontal
0
0002
0004
0006
0008
001
0012
0014
-1575 -135 -1125 -90 -675 -45 -225 0 225 45 675 90 1125 135 1575cm
ch
po
t
measurement
simulation
Horizontal Profile Pit 2
P
Sal
a et
al
FLU
KA
sim
ulat
ion
s 20
08
MeasurementsSimulations
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
25
OPERA
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
26
bull Total target massndash 12 kton146621 emulsion-lead bricks
bull 2 super modules ndash Spectrometer 22 RPC planes in
magnetic field (15T) 6 Drift tube planes
ndash Target 27 lead emulsion brick walls alternated with scintillator planes
The OPERA DetectorOPERA Detector
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
25
OPERA
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
26
bull Total target massndash 12 kton146621 emulsion-lead bricks
bull 2 super modules ndash Spectrometer 22 RPC planes in
magnetic field (15T) 6 Drift tube planes
ndash Target 27 lead emulsion brick walls alternated with scintillator planes
The OPERA DetectorOPERA Detector
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
26
bull Total target massndash 12 kton146621 emulsion-lead bricks
bull 2 super modules ndash Spectrometer 22 RPC planes in
magnetic field (15T) 6 Drift tube planes
ndash Target 27 lead emulsion brick walls alternated with scintillator planes
The OPERA DetectorOPERA Detector
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
27
OPERA Results 2008bull 10100 on-time eventsbull 1700 candidate interactions in bricks
Handling of 100 bricksweek
Up to 65 CSd scannedweek
CS delivered to the Scanning Stations
CS scanned
CS with a positive results
OPERA Results
Courtesy of D Autiero
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
28
Backward going charged particle(interesting as will allow to benchmark the MC simulation of back-scattering)
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
29
Outlook 2009bull 2009 Schedule CNGS physics start on 7 May 2009 total 175 days
Outlook
Protons on target in 2009 ~27middot1019 to ~5middot1019 potyr
Depends mainly on bull CNGS duty cyclebull beam intensityextraction
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
30
Multi-Turn-Extractionbull Novel extraction scheme from PS to SPS
ndash Beam is separated in the transverse phase space usingbull Nonlinear magnetic elements (sextupoles and octupoles) to create stable islandsbull Slow (adiabatic) tune-variation to cross an appropriate resonance
ndash Beneficial effectsbull No mechanical device to slice the beam losses are reducedbull The phase space matching is improved bull The beamlets have the same emittance and optical parameters
Five beamlets separated by 1 PS turn
Result of the first extraction test in the PS extraction line (TT2) with one bunch
Courtesy MTE project - M Giovannozzi et al
Evolution of the horizontal beam distribution during the splitting
MTE extracted beam has been provided to the SPS for the last night of CNGS run2009 Start with classical extraction parallel prepare MTE provide first SFTPRO then CNGS
Outlook
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
31
Summarybull Start-up issues of CNGS have been
overcomendash a lot of work
bull CNGS 2008 run was very successfulndash 178 1019 pot ndash 1700 candidate events in OPERAndash exploring limits of CNGS facility
bull 2009 ndash full year of high intensity operationndash First tau neutrino events
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
32
Thank You to all the colleagues for their effort to make CNGS a
success this year
AB Department TS Department SCRPCNGS Secondary Beam Working Group MTE Project Team
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
33
CNGS Radiation SimulationsHigh-E (gt20 MeV) hadron fluence for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
A
Fe
rra
ri
L
Sa
rch
iap
on
e e
t a
l F
LU
KA
sim
ula
tio
ns
20
08
CNGS Facility ndash Startup Issues
Dose in Gray for a nominal year (45 E19 pot)
2007 no shielding
2008++lt 10 Gry
F 106
~10 Gry2007 no shielding
F 104
lt 106 hcm2yr2008++
~1010 hcm2yr
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
34
3 prong vertex in the bottom layer of the emulsion
Event GalleryOPERA Results
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
BENE08 2 Dec 2008E Gschwendtner ABATB
35
kink=0204 rad
Event GalleryOPERA Results
Other particles with very short life-time Charmed mesons produced by interactions Can contribute to background in case the muon from charm decay is missed
21 expected charm events during 2007-2008Seen 2 charm-like topologies
D+
neutrals
- (undetected)
h+
Top Related