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Cloud Computing Fundamentals
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Cluster ComputingCloud ComputingGrid Computing
The hype
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DEFINITIONS
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.. moving computing and data away from the desktop and the portable PC and simply displaying the results of computing that takes place in a centralized location and is then transmitted via the internet on the user's screen ..
- John Makroff
.. a computing paradigm shift where computing is moved away from personal computers or an individual application server to a "cloud" of computers ..
- Wikipedia
.. the idea of relying on Web-based applications and storing data in the "cloud" of the internet ..
- MIT Technology Review
.. the cloud is a smart, complex, powerful computing system in the sky that people can just plug into ..
- Marc Andreessen
DEFINITIONS
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Cloud computing comes into focus only when you think about what IT always needs: a way to increase capacity or add capabilities on the fly without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. Cloud computing encompasses any subscription-based or pay-per-use service that, in real time over the Internet, extends IT’s existing capabilities.
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• Common, Location-independent, Online Utility on Demand– Common implies multi-tenancy, not single or isolated tenancy – Utility implies pay-for-use pricing– on Demand implies ~infinite, ~immediate, ~invisible scalability
• Alternatively, a “Zero-One-Infinity” definition: 0 On-premise infrastructure
Acquisition costAdoption costSupport cost
1 Coherent and resilient environment – not a brittle “software stack” Scalability in response to changing need
Integrability/Interoperability with legacy assets and other servicesCustomizability/Programmability from data, through logic, up into theuser interface without compromising robust multi-tenancy
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The on-demand, self-service, pay-by-use model
Infrastructure is programmable
Applications are composed and are built to be composable
Services are delivered over the network
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Cloud Computing Infrastructure Models
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DEPLOYMENT MODELS
Public Cloud Private Cloud Hybrid Cloud
Public clouds are run by third parties, and applications from different customers are likely to be mixed together on the cloud’s servers, storage systems, and networks. Public clouds are most often hosted away from customer premises, and they provide a way to reduce customer risk and cost by providing a flexible, even temporary extension to enterprise infrastructure.
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DEPLOYMENT MODELS
Public Cloud Private Cloud Hybrid Cloud
Private clouds are built for the exclusive use of one client, providing the utmost control over data, security, and quality of service. The company owns the infrastructure and has control over how applications are deployed on it. Private clouds may be deployed in an enterprise datacenter, and they also may be deployed at a co-location facility.
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DEPLOYMENT MODELS
Public Cloud Private Cloud Hybrid Cloud
Hybrid clouds combine both public and private cloud models. They can help to provide on-demand, externally provisioned scale. The ability to augment a private cloud with the resources of a public cloud can be used to maintain service levels in the face of rapid workload fluctuations. A hybrid cloud also can be used to handle planned workload spikes. Sometimes called “surge computing,” a public cloud can be used to perform periodic tasks that can be deployed easily on a public cloud.
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Architectural Layers of Cloud Computing
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Software as a service (SaaS)
Software as a service features a complete application offered as a service on demand. A single instance of the software runs on the cloud and services multiple end users or client organizations.
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Software as a service (SaaS)
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Platform as a service (PaaS)
Platform as a service encapsulates a layer of software and provides it as a service that can be used to build higher-level services.
Someone producing PaaS might produce a platform by integrating an OS, middleware, application software, and even a development environment that is then provided to a customer as a service
Someone using PaaS would see an encapsulated service that is presented to them through an API. The customer interacts with the platform through the API, and the platform does what is necessary to manage and scale itself to provide a given level of service.
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Platform as a service (PaaS)
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Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
Infrastructure as a service delivers basic storage and compute capabilities as standardized services over the network. Servers, storage systems, switches, routers, and other systems are pooled and made available to handle workloads that range from application components to high-performance computing applications.
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Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
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Cloud Infrastructure
IaaS
PaaS
SaaS
Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) Architectures
Platform as a Service (PaaS)Architectures
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Architectures
Cloud Infrastructure
SaaS
Cloud Infrastructure
PaaS
SaaS
Cloud Infrastructure
IaaS
PaaS
Cloud Infrastructure
PaaS
Cloud Infrastructure
IaaS
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SINGLE TENANT vs. MULTI-TENANT ARCHITECTURE
ServerOS
DatabaseApp Server
StorageNetwork
App 1
ServerOS
DatabaseApp Server
StorageNetwork
App 2
ServerOS
DatabaseApp Server
StorageNetwork
App 3
Other apps
Shared infrastructure
Single tenancy gives each customer a dedicated software stack – and each layer in each stack still requires configuration, monitoring, upgrades, security updates, patches, tuning and disaster recovery.
On a multi-tenant platform, all applications run in a single logical environment: faster, more secure, more available, automatically upgraded and maintained. Any improvement appears to all customers at once.
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Cloud computing often leverages:
Massive scale
Virtualization
Non-stop computing
Free software
Geographic distribution
Service oriented software
Autonomic computing
Advanced security technologies
CLOUD COMPUTING CHARACTERISTICS
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Purchase softwarePurchase hardwareFind space in data centerCreate migration planSetup development & testConfigure systemsConfigure databasesConfigure networks
more…
TRADITIONAL SOFTWARE PURCHASE
CLOUD COMPUTING – THE EASY WAY
Get a login
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Reduce run time and response timeFor applications that use the cloud essentially for running batch jobs, cloud computing makes it straightforward to use 1000 servers to
accomplish a task in 1/1000 the time that a single server would require
Minimize infrastructure riskWhen pushing an application out to the cloud, scalability and the risk of purchasing too much or too little infrastructure becomes the cloud
provider’s issue
Lower cost of entryBecause infrastructure is rented, not purchased, the cost is controlled, and the capital investment can be zero.
Increased pace of innovationThe low cost of entry to new markets helps to level the playing field,
allowing start-up companies to deploy new products quickly and at low cost.
CLOUD COMPUTING BENEFITS
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Scalability
Availability
Reliability
Security
Flexibility and agility
Serviceability
Efficiency
GOALS OF CLOUD COMPUTING
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IS THIS GRID COMPUTING ?
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A computer cluster is a group of linked computers, working together closely so that in many respects they form a single computer. The components of a cluster are commonly, but not always, connected to each other through fast local area networks. Clusters are usually deployed to improve performance and/or availability over that of a single computer, while typically being much more cost-effective than single computers of comparable speed or availability
High-availability (HA) clustersLoad-balancing clustersCompute clusters
CLUSTERS
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Grid computing (or the use of computational grids) is the combination of computer resources from multiple administrative domains applied to a common task, usually to a scientific, technical or business problem that requires a great number of computer processing cycles or the need to process large amounts of data.
One of the main strategies of grid computing is using software to divide and apportion pieces of a program among several computers, sometimes up to many thousands. Grid computing is distributed, large-scale cluster computing, as well as a form of network-distributed parallel processing
GRID COMPUTING
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Grid computing has been used in environments where users make few but large allocation requests
Cloud computing really is about lots of small allocation requests.
CLOUD COMPUTING vs. GRID COMPUTING
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Grid computing has been used in environments where users make few but large allocation requests
Cloud computing really is about lots of small allocation requests.
CLOUD COMPUTING vs. GRID COMPUTING
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Stored data might not be secure: With cloud computing, all your data is stored on the cloud. How secure is the cloud? Can unauthorized users gain access to your confidential data? Cloud computing companies say that data is secure, but it's too early in the game to be completely sure of that.
Dependent on internet connection: Internet connectivity isn’t completely stable and reliable. For cloud computing to be completely accessible anywhere, we’ll probably need to wait a few more years for the internet service providers to step up to the plate.
It’s not platform agnostic: Most clouds force participants to rely on a single platform or host only one type of product. If you need to support multiple platforms, as most enterprises do, then you’re looking at multiple clouds. That can be a nightmare to manage.
Can be slow: Even on a fast connection, web-based applications can sometimes be slower than accessing a similar software program on your desktop PC.
DISADVANTAGES OF CLOUD COMPUTING
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Thank you
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