CLIMATE
UNIT TWO| March 2019
OUTCOME
9.2.1Demonstrate an understanding of the basic features of
Canada’s landscape and climate.
• identify and locate major climatic regions of Canada
• explain the characteristics of Canada’s climatic regions and account for the
variation among them
TEXTBOOKS
You will need a textbook today.
Share with the person sitting next to you.
WEATHER & CLIMATE
• Weather: the
combination of events
in the atmosphere
(day-to-day).
• Meteorology: the
science of weather
WEATHER & CLIMATE
• Climate: the average
patterns of weather
conditions over the long
term.
Summer Days
Rainy
Warm
Sunny
Canadian Climate
Hot and sunny in summer
(40°C)
Cold and snowy in winter
VIDEO
• A History of Earth’s Climate (11:19)|
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dC_2WXyORGA
PRACTICE
• Which of the following examples are weather? Which are climate?
1. An early frost damaged the
strawberries.
2. Spring usually begins much later
in New Brunswick than in
Ontario.
3. The snow melted during a
January thaw this year.
4. High summer humidity causes
a lot of summer
thunderstorms.
5. Yesterday there were two
thunderstorms.
6. A July heatwave last year made
it almost 40°C for a week.
WEATHER & CLIMATE
Climate is what we expect.
Hot
Dry
Cold
Humid
Weather is what we
get.
RainFrost
Storm
Wind
ELEMENTS OF CLIMATE
• Latitude
• The sun shines on the earth most
directly at the equator.
• The farther north or south you go,
the less directly the sun reaches the
earth.
• This means higher latitudes are
cooler.
ELEMENTS OF CLIMATE
• Air Masses & Winds
• Canada’s weather changes as a result
of the changing pattern of air masses.
• Air masses tend to move west
east in Canada.
• Handout| Air Masses
ELEMENTS OF CLIMATE
• Use p. 32 of your
textbook to label and add
information to your
handout.
ELEMENTS OF CLIMATE
• Maritime Tropical: warm water
makes the air warm and moist.
• Maritime Polar: cold water makes
the air cold and moist.
• Continental Arctic: cold land makes
the air cold and dry.
• Continental Tropical: desert makes
the air hot and dry.
FOUR ELEMENTS OF CLIMATE
• Ocean Currents & Landforms
• Ocean currents move heat and cold
around the world.
• When air passes over an ocean current,
the temperature of the air is influenced
by the temperature of the water below.
FOUR ELEMENTS OF CLIMATE
• Clouds & Precipitation
• Clouds: masses of suspended solid or
liquid particles.
• Precipitation: any form of water,
either liquid or solid, that falls from the
clouds and reaches the ground.
FOUR ELEMENTS OF CLIMATE
• What causes precipitation?
• The air cools and reaches its dew point.
• Dew point: temperature at which
condensation occurs.
• Water vapor condenses into water droplets –
cloud forms.
• Particles inside cloud collide – increase in size.
• Heavy particles fall to earth.
CLIMATE REGIONS IN CANADA
• Use the textbook to find information
about the following climate regions
in Canada (p. 36-37).
• A – Tropical
• B – Dry Climates
• C – Warm, moist climates
• D – Cool, moist climates
• E – Polar Climates
CLIMATE REGIONS IN CANADA
• A –Tropical: Canada does not have any.
• B – Dry Climates: more evaporation than precipitation. Some are warm,
and some are cool.
• C –Warm, moist climates: warm, humid summers and mild winters.
Precipitation throughout the year, but some areas are cool and dry in the
summer.
• D – Cool, moist climates: most of Canada. Western parts have warm,
humid summers. Eastern have cooler summers and more precipitation.
Northern parts have very short summers.
• E – Polar Climates: two types, both very cold and dry.
REGIONAL FACTORS
• Use p. 34-35 (Regional Factors) to add the following elements of climate to
your notes:
• Altitude
• Bodies of Water
• Mountain Barriers
• For each, explain:
A. What is it?
B. How does it affect climate?
CLIMATE RESPONSE
• Write a paragraph that discusses the following:
• What is your favourite season in Canada? Why?
• Provide convincing evidence to get me to agree with you.
• Refer to at least two elements of climate in your response.
Value: 10 marks
END
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