CLASSROOM TECHNIQUES USED TO IMPROVE STUDENTS
SPEAKING SKILL: A NATURALISTIC STUDY AT ENGLISH TUTORIAL
PROGRAM AT UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
RESEARCH PAPER
Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements
for Getting Bachelor Degree of Education
in English Department
by
KHORI NUR LAELA
A320130054
ENGLISH EDUCATION DEPARTMENT
SCHOOL OF TEACHER TRAINING AND EDUCATION
UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
2017
ii
APPROVAL
CLASSROOM TECHNIQUES USED TO IMPROVE STUDENTS
SPEAKING SKILL: A NATURALISTIC STUDY AT ENGLISH TUTORIAL
PROGRAM AT UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
RESEARCH PAPER
By
KHORI NUR LAELA
A320130054
Approved to be Examined by Consultant
First Consultant
( Prof.Dr. Endang Fauziati, M.Hum )
iii
NIK : 274
ACCEPTANCE
CLASSROOM TECHNIQUES USED TO IMPROVE STUDENTS
SPEAKING SKILL: A NATURALISTIC STUDY AT ENGLISH TUTORIAL
PROGRAM AT UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
By
KHORI NUR LAELA
A320130054
Accepted and Approved by Board of Examiners School of Teacher Training
and Education Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta on June 2017
Team of Examiners:
1. Prof Endang Fauziati, M. Hum ( )
(First Examiner)
iv
TESTIMONY
Herewith, I testify that in this research paper there is no plagiarism of the
previous literary work which has been raised to obtain bachelor degrees of
univercity, nor there are opstion or masterpiece which have been written or published
by others, except those in which the writting are referred manuscript and mentioned
in the literary review and bibliography. Hence, later, if it is proven that there are
some untrue statements in this testimony, I will hold fully responsible.
Surakarta, June 2016
The writter
KHORI NUR LAELA
A320130054
v
MOTTO
“As good as Humans are always useful for others”
(HR. Thabrani)
vi
DEDICATION
This research paper is especially dedicated to:
My beloved father
(Drs. Haris Hariawan)
My beloved mother
(Dra. Murtiningsih, M.M.)
My Gorgeous Fiance &Family
(Shofyan Aji Utama, S.T)
My Brother, Sister, best friends and big Family
vii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
In the name of Allah, the most powerful and merciful, His blessing can never be
calculated or measured, so that the researcher can finish this research paper entitled
“CLASSROOM TECHNIQUES USED TO IMPROVE STUDENTS
SPEAKING SKILL: A NATURALISTIC STUDY AT ENGLISH TUTORIAL
PROGRAM AT UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA”.This
research paper is one of the requirements to finish studying in English Department of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
This research paper cannot be finished without help and supporting from several
people. Therefore, the researcher would like to express big thanks to:
1. Allah SWT and Rasulullah.
2. Prof. Dr. Harun Joko Prayitno, the Dean of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta.
3. Mauly Halwat Hikmat, Ph.D. the Head of English Department of
Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
4. Prof. Dr. Hj. Endang Fauziati, as the consultant, who has given her time to
guide, advice, and share much knowledge to the researcher until this
researcher paper is finished.
5. All lecturers in English Department of Muhammadiyah University of
Surakarta for all the beneficial knowledge that has received by the researcher.
6. Her beloved family, her beloved father and mother who always give advice,
support, attention, and motivation for her life.
7. Her gorgeous fiancé and family, “thanks for your support, love, patience,
helps, guide and everything at any time”.
8. Her Borther and Sister who always accompany when she down.
viii
9. Her best friends Afelia, Erlita, Mei, Fety, “thanks for your support every
time.”
10. Her Company F1 Communication, Google, which help her to get many
experience in life.
11. Everybody who has helped the researcher in this process that cannot be
mentioned one by one.
The writer really wishes that this research paper would help the other researchers
who are interested in analyzing tectbook in the future. The writer also realizes that
this research paper still need constructive criticism and suggestion. The writer
welcomes for it.
Wassalamu’alaikum Wr. Wb.
Surakarta, June 2017
The Writer,
Khori Nur Laela
A320130054
ix
TABLE OF CONTENT
COVER ............................................................................................................ i
APPROVAL............................................................................. ........................ ii
ACCEPTANCE........................................................................ ....................... iii
TESTIMONY........................................................................... ........................ iv
MOTTO.................................................................................... ....................... v
DEDICATION.......................................................................... ....................... vi
ACKNOWLEDGMENT........................................................... ....................... vii
TABLE OF CONTENT........................................................... ........................ ix
LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................... xii
ABSTRACT............................................................................... ...................... xiii
ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................... xiv
CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION .................................................................... 1
A. Background of the Study ................................................... 1
B. Limitation of the Study ...................................................... 4
C. Problem Statement ............................................................ 4
D. Objectives of the Study ..................................................... 4
E. Benefits of the Study ......................................................... 5
F. Research Paper Organization........................... ................. 5
CHAPTER II: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE .............................. 7
A. Previous Study ................................................................... 7
B. Underlying Theory ............................................................ 14
1. Approach, method, and Technique ................................ 14
2. Teaching Speaking ........................................................ 15
3. Notion of Speaking ........................................................ 16
4. Component of Speaking ................................................ 16
5. Micro and Macro Skills of Speaking ............................ 18
6. Technique for Teaching Speaking ................................. 19
x
7. Teacher’s Role ............................................................... 21
8. Student’s Roles .............................................................. 23
9. Instructional Material .................................................... 24
CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHOD .......................................................... 26
A. Type of the Research .......................................................... 26
B. Setting of the research ........................................................ 27
C. Subject of the research ........................................................ 27
D. Object of the Study ............................................................. 27
E. Data and Sources of Data ................................................... 28
F. Method of Collecting Data.................................................. 28
G. Techniques for Analyzing Data .......................................... 30
CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDING AND DISCUSSION ......................... 32
A. Research Finding ................................................................ 32
1. The Types of Classroom Techniques Used by Tutor’s
To Develop Student’s Speaking Skill Used In English
Tutorial Programs ......................................................... 32
2. The Purposes of Using Each ClassroomTechnique of
Teaching Speaking ........................................................ 36
3. Teacher’s Roles ............................................................ 40
4. Student’s Roles .............................................................. 42
5. The Roles of Instructional Material ............................... 45
B. Discussion of Research Findings ........................................ 50
1. Types of Classroom Techniques in Teaching
Speaking ........................................................................ 50
2. The Purposes in Each Classroom Techniques of
Teaching Speaking ........................................................ 51
3. Tutor’s Roles ................................................................. 53
4. Student’s Roles .............................................................. 54
5. Instructional Material .................................................... 55
xi
CHAPTER V CONCLUSION, PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATION, AND
SUGGESTION .......................................................................... 57
A. Conclusion .......................................................................... 57
B. Pedagogical Implication ..................................................... 58
C. Suggestion .......................................................................... 59
BIBILIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX
xii
LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.1 Schedule for Studying Activity ........................................................ 29
Table 3.2 Schedule for interview with English Tutors .................................... 29
Table 4.1 Types of Classroom Techniques in Teaching Speaking .................. 35
Table 4.2 Purposes of Using Each Classroom Technique ............................... 39
Table 4.3 Teacher’s Roles ................................................................................ 42
Table 4.4 Student’s Roles ................................................................................ 45
Table 4.5 The Roles of Instructional Materials ................................................ 48
Table 4.6 The Relation between Classroom Techniques, Purposes of Each
Technique, Teacher’s Roles, Student’s Roles, and Instructional
Material ............................................................................................ 48
xiii
ABSTRACT
KHORI NUR LAELA. A320130054
CLASSROOM TECHNIQUES USED TO IMPROVE STUDENTS SPEAKING
SKILL: A NATURALISTIC STUDY AT ENGLISH TUTORIAL PROGRAM
AT UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
RESEARCH PAPER. 2017. Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta.
Abstract
This study is aimed to describe classroom techniques used by English tutors
to develop student’s speaking skill at English Tutorial Program at Universitas
Muhamadiyah Surakarta. The type of this research is descriptive qualitative research
especially naturalistic study. The methods of collecting data in this study are
interview, observation, and document. The result of the research showed that there
are several classroom techniques used by English tutor at English Tutorial Program
such as: discussion, role play, and game. There are several classroom techniques
used by the teacher and each classroom technique has purpose. Discussion technique
is to improve fluency of the students and to improve grammar of the students. Role
play technique is to improve vocabulary of the students and to make the students
more concentrate. Game technique is to encourage student to think and express their
ideas, to make student pay attention to the teacher and the material, and to make the
student enjoy on teaching learning process. The teacher has roles as explainer,
facilitator, inquiry controller, and empowered. The students have some roles such as
subject learning, the learner is member of a group and learn by interacting with
others, the learner is the planner of his or her own learning program, the learner is a
tutor for others learners, the learner is monitor and evaluator of his or her own
progress, and the learners learn from the teacher, from the other students and other
teaching sources. There are some materials used by English teacher, such as: book,
textbook, and another source from internet as supplementary material. The roles of
instructional materials are as a resource for presentation materials (spoken or
written), as a reference source for learners on grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation,
and so on, and a source of stimulation and ideas for classroom activities. The writer
concluded that English tutors at English Tutorial Program at Universitas
Muhammadiyah Surakarta used some classroom techniques to develop students’
English speaking skills. Some classroom techniques can make the students more
interested when teaching speaking process.
Key words: Classroom techniques of teaching speaking, teachers’ role, students’
role, instructional material.
xiv
Abstrak
Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mendeskripsikan tehnik kelas yang digunakan
oleh tutor Bahasa Inggris untuk mengembangkan kemampuan speaking siwa di
English Tutorial Program di Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta. Tipe penelitian
ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif khususnya menggunakan pendekatan naturalistik.
Metode pengumpulan data di studi ini yaitu wawancara, observasi, dan dokumen.
Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan beberapa teknik kelas yang digunakan oleh
tutor Bahasa Inggris seperti diskusi, role play, dan game atau permainan. Beberapa
tehnik kelas yang digunakan mempunyai tujuan masing-masing. Tehnik diskusi
untuk meningkatkan kefasihan siswa dan untuk meningkatkan tata bahasa siswa.
Tehnik role play untuk meningkatkan kosa kata siswa dan untuk membuat siswa
lebih berkonsentrasi. Tehnik permainan untuk mendorong siswa untuk berfikir cepat
dan mengekspresikan ide mereka, untuk membuat siswa memperhatikan guru dan
materi, dan untuk membuat siswa menikamati proses pembelajaran. Guru
mempunyai peran sebagai penjelas, fasilitator, pengontrol, dan penguasaan. Siswa
mempunyai beberapa peran seperti sebagai subyek pembelajaran, sebagai anggota
grup dan belajar dengan berinteraksi dengan yang lain, sebagai perencana program
pembelajaran, sebagai tutor untuk pelajar lain, sebagai monitor dan evaluator dar
perkembangannya sendiri, dan belajar dari guru, dari pelajar lain dan sumber
pembelajaran yang lain. Ada beberapa materi yang digunakan oleh tutor Bahasa
Inggris seperti buku dan modul, dan sumber yang lain dari internet sebagai materi
tambahan. Peran dari materi pembelajaran sebagai sumber untuk presentasi materi
(berbicara atau menulis), sebagai sebuah sumber referensi untuk siswa dalam tata
bahasa, kosa kata, cara pengucapan, dan sebagai sumber pendorong dan ide dari
aktifitas kelas. Penulis menyimpulkan bahwa tutor Bahasa Inggris di English Tutorial
Program menggunakan beberapa teknik kelas yang dapat mengembangkan
keterampilan berbicara Bahasa Inggris siswa. Beberapa teknik kelas dapat membuat
siswa lebih tertarik ketika proses mengajar berbicara.
Kata kunci: Teknik kelas dari mengajar berbicara, peran guru, peran siswa, materi
pembelajaran.
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