2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures
Classes of Microorganism
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Pathogenic Aerobic
Non-pathogenic
Anaero
bic
Bacteria
Protozoa
Fungi
Rickettsiae
Viruses
Helminths
Remember Remember
What may be non-pathogenic in one What may be non-pathogenic in one body system could be pathogenic body system could be pathogenic in another in another
Example: E. coliExample: E. coli
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2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures
Classes of MicroorganismsClasses of Microorganisms
Non-pathogenicNon-pathogenic– normalnormal– do not produce diseasedo not produce disease– beneficial beneficial
PathogenicPathogenic– cause infection and diseasecause infection and disease
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2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures
Classes of MicroorganismsClasses of Microorganisms
AerobicAerobic– requires oxygen to liverequires oxygen to live
AnaerobicAnaerobic– does not require oxygen to livedoes not require oxygen to live
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2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures
6 Classes of Microorganisms6 Classes of Microorganisms
–BacteriaBacteria ProtozoaProtozoa–FungiFungi RickettsiaeRickettsiae–VirusesViruses HelminthsHelminths
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2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures
BacteriaBacteria
Often considered the causes of Often considered the causes of diseasedisease
Classified by shape and Classified by shape and arrangementarrangement
Treated with antibioticsTreated with antibiotics
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Certain BacteriaCertain Bacteria
– produce antibioticsproduce antibiotics– live in the body live in the body
without problemswithout problems– live on the roots of live on the roots of
certain plants, certain plants, converting nitrogen converting nitrogen into a usable form into a usable form
– help break down help break down dead organic matterdead organic matter
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BacteriaBacteria
Cocci
SpirillaBacilli
2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures
BacteriaBacteria
Cocci- Cocci- round in shaperound in shape
–diplococcidiplococci–streptococcistreptococci–staphylococcistaphylococci
Streptococci
Staphylococcal clusters
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BacteriaBacteria
BacilliBacilli rod shaperod shape
–singlesingle–pairspairs–chainschains
may have flagella -may have flagella -aids in movementaids in movement may form sporesmay form spores
–difficult to treat difficult to treat
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2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures
BacteriaBacteria
SpirillaSpirilla spiral or corkscrew shapespiral or corkscrew shape
–vibrio - vibrio - spirochetespirochete
Treponema pallidumCholera
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BacteriaBacteria
Some develop resistance to antibioticsSome develop resistance to antibiotics Very difficult to cureVery difficult to cure
– Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA)Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus (MRSA)– Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus (MDSA)Multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus (MDSA)
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ProtozoaProtozoa
– One celled, animal-like organismOne celled, animal-like organism– Contain a nucleus and other defined Contain a nucleus and other defined
organellesorganelles – Example: Malaria, amebic dysenteryExample: Malaria, amebic dysentery
Malaria invades RBC and causes them to Malaria invades RBC and causes them to rupturerupture
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FungiFungi
– enjoys a symbiotic, but sometimes parasitic enjoys a symbiotic, but sometimes parasitic relationship with their host relationship with their host
– provide numerous drugs and foods provide numerous drugs and foods – provide bubbles in bread, champagne, and beerprovide bubbles in bread, champagne, and beer– cause a number of plant and animal diseasescause a number of plant and animal diseases– fungal diseases are very difficult to treat fungal diseases are very difficult to treat
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Classes of MicroorganismsClasses of Microorganisms
FungiFungi
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RickettsiaeRickettsiae
– rod-shaped, parasitic bacteria rod-shaped, parasitic bacteria – live in the tissues of ticks, fleas, and live in the tissues of ticks, fleas, and
licelice– transmitted to humans through bitestransmitted to humans through bites– invade the new host from withininvade the new host from within
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures
VirusesViruses
–small infectious agentsmall infectious agent
–requires a host for survivalrequires a host for survival
– Seen with electron microscopeSeen with electron microscope–over 5,000 typesover 5,000 types
–can combine in multiple ways to can combine in multiple ways to produce a wide range of diseasesproduce a wide range of diseases
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VirusesViruses produce immune response in humansproduce immune response in humans treated with antiviral drugstreated with antiviral drugs Common cold, measles, mumps, Common cold, measles, mumps,
chicken pox, AIDSchicken pox, AIDS
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2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures
HelminthsHelminths
– Parasitic worm-like organismsParasitic worm-like organisms– Live inside the hostLive inside the host– Feed off their hostFeed off their host– Disrupt nutrient absorptionDisrupt nutrient absorption
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HelminthsHelminths
Lead to weaknessLead to weakness Excrete toxins making host susceptible to other Excrete toxins making host susceptible to other
diseasesdiseases Approximately 30 billion people globally are Approximately 30 billion people globally are
infectedinfected
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2.02 Understand infection control 2.02 Understand infection control proceduresprocedures
Classes of MicroorganismsClasses of Microorganisms
Any Questions?Any Questions?
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