Civil Rights Movement
Brown v. Board of Education
Supreme Court decision: segregated schools are unequal & must desegregateInclude Virginia case
Davis et al. v. County School Board of Prince William County, VA et al.Argued by Spotswood W. Robinson III along with Marshall on re-argumentDefended by J. Lindsay Almond Jr. AG of VA and T. Justin Moore
Key People
Thurgood Marshall – NAACP Legal Defense Team
Oliver Hill – NAACP Legal Defense Team in Virginia
Virginia Response
Massive Resistance—closing some schoolsEstablishment of private academiesWhite flight from urban school systems
Emmett Till
• 1954 – Chicago boy, went to visit relative in Money, Mississippi
• After saying something to a white store clerk, he was kidnapped and brutally killed
• Open casket funeral led to massive attention towards Civil Rights
Emmett Till
Emmett Till
• The Montgomery Bus Boycott (1956)– Rosa Parks refuses to give up her seat to a white
man– Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. calls for a boycott of the
bus system• African Americans boycott the buses for 381
days
Montgomery Bus Boycott, 1956
Little Rock Nine (1957)
• Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas was integrating
• Students were often spit on, humiliated, treated harshly
• President Eisenhower sent national guard to protect students throughout year
Sit-ins Challenge Segregation (1960s)
• Four college students in Greensboro, North Carolina challenge segregation in restaurants
• They ‘sit-in’ a white-only restaurant and face discrimination, harassment, arrest
• Sit-ins begin to take place throughout south
• The Freedom Rides (1960-62)– Designed to test whether or not southern states
would obey new anti-segregation laws– Riders are greeted with violence– Three freedom riders are murdered in Alabama;
KKK (1961)
Freedom Rides, Map
Freedom Rides
1963 March on WashingtonParticipants were inspired by the “I have a dream” speech given by Martin Luther King, Jr.Helped influence public opinion to support civil rights legislationDemonstrated the power of non-violent, mass protest
March on Washington
Civil Rights Act of 1964Prohibited discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, & genderDesegregated public accommodationsPresident Lyndon Johnson played an important role in passing the act
16th Street Church bombing
• 1964; four little girls die in bombing• Some of the criminals not convicted until
2000s• Birmingham was a city that experienced great
violence during movement
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Voting Rights Act of 1965Outlawed literacy testsFederal registrars were sent to the South to register votersResults in an increase of African American votersPresident Lyndon Johnson played important role in passing the act
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Voting Rights Act
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
Organization challenged segregation in the courts
Road to Civil Rights Poster
Create a poster with at least 5 people from the Civil Rights movement, and descriptions for each personAlso include at least 5 events from the movement, and descriptions.
Finally, add 5 pictures depicting the Civil Rights movement.
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