City Beautification Project Nanded City
ByProf. S. L. Dhingra
IIT Bombayhttp://www.civil.iitb.ac.in/~dhingra
Overview Introduction Beautification of City - Case Studies Road Side Amenities Traffic Management Traffic Control Devices Parking Management Conclusion References
Introduction Nanded, a well known Sikh Pilgrimage Center One of the Five Sikh Takhats is located here named
as Hazur Sahib A famous gurudwara at Nanded, a replica of the
golden temple of Amritsar will be celebrating 300 years in 2008
There will be expectancy of millions peoples to be arrive for this event
Proper event management should be done to complete this event successfully
Nanded City
Beautification of City – Case Studies
Chandigarh
Called The City Beautiful serves as a capital of two states: Punjab and Haryana
Le Corbusier produced a plan for Chandigarh that confirmed to the modern city planning principles, and a hierarchy of road and pedestrian networks
Divided the city into units called 'sectors', each representing a theoretically self-sufficient entity with space for living, working and leisure
Chandigarh The sectors were linked to each other by a road
and path network developed along the line of the 7 Vs, or a hierarchy of seven types of circulation patterns
The city plan is laid down in grid pattern The sectors were to act as self-sufficient
neighborhoods, each with its own market, places of worship, schools and colleges - all within 10 minutes walking distance from within the sector
Chandigarh The original two phases of the plan delineated
sectors from 1 to 47, with the exception of 13 The city was to be surrounded by a 16 kilometer
greenbelt that was to ensure that no development could take place in the immediate vicinity of the town, thus checking suburbs and urban sprawl
Chandigarh One of the unusual and popular features of
Chandigarh is the Rock Garden of Chandigarh Chandigarh IT Park (also called Kishangarh IT
Park) is the city's attempt to break into the IT world Divided into identical looking sectors, each sector
measures 800m x 1200m. The sectors were to act as self-sufficient neighborhoods, each with its own market, places of worship, schools and colleges
Chandigarh City Map
Sector 17: City’s Heart and Retail Centre
Nagpur
Winter capital of the state of Maharashtra
Affectionately called as “Orange city” and also declared as a second “Green city” of India
Planning process implemented by Dr. T. Chandrasekhar put the road network of Nagpur city in very good condition
To D
elhi
To B
anga
lore
To Surat
Thane – Landmark Development Received “Clean City“ Award from HUDCO
India for 1999-2000 Widened 133 city roads (195 kms) under the
IRDP Used “Bio-remediation” process for cleaning
two main lakes transforming them from dumping pools to scenic & beautiful picnic spots
Beautification of junctions by providing fountains, channelizers, green chowks, illuminations etc.
Thane City
Thane – Landmark Development (Cont…)
City’s health solid waste management development ensures cleanliness on roads, gutters & at the public places etc.
Independent Pollution Control Department to check air & water quality through its monitoring stations
Welcome Gates, Auditorium, swimming pools, stadium, open grounds, gardens, high mast lighting are some of the other areas where The TMC has created landmarks
Maintaining and creating green cover. More then 3 lakhs have been planted with a survival rate of 90%
Ujjain One of the seven sacred cities of the Hindus, and
the Kumbh Mela religious festival is held there every twelve years
Last Kumbh Mela was held at Ujjain in April, 2004
To In
dore
Location of Kumbh Mela
Event Management for April, 2004
At a time, for 6000 peoples on the ghats, with the help of volunteers, each pilgrims took bath to six minutes, meaning 250,000 took bath in one hour
For million peoples visited ujjain in 2004, artificial long roads were created in 20 hectres of field near the ghats for holding capacity of one million
With this plan, 1.4 million peoples were managed at a time, and 5 million peoples were handled during a day
Arrangement was made in such a way that individual pilgrim needs to walk at most one kilometer and wait at most 2 hours
All of this was observed through closed circuit video
In addition to all this, mass transit was arranged so pilgrims can get to the major points of interest in Ujjain itself after their bath
For big concern like Terrorism attack, 15000 police, that’s an entire army division, including 25 commando teams were provided
Event Management for April, 2004 (Cont…)
Solapur IRDP
MSRDC is executing works of construction of roads and junction improvement under IRDP
The VIP road constructed as a model road Plants which grow thick but not tall are provided to
avoid glare of headlights of incoming vehicles Also flowering plants which grow tall particularly on
either side of the road for improved aesthetics are also provided
Road Side Amenities
Road Side Amenities
Footpath
Arboriculture
Landscaping
Benches, Shelters, Drinking Water
Toilets, Dust bins, etc.
Footpath or Side Walks Provided in urban areas when the vehicular as
well as pedestrian traffic are heavy, to provide protection to pedestrians and to decrease accidents
Side walks are generally provided on either side of the road and the minimum width should be 1.5 m and the width may be increased based on the pedestrian traffic volume
Provided with a surface as smooth as or even smoother than the adjacent traffic lane as to induce the pedestrian to keep on to the footpath
Typical Cross Section of Urban Road
Arboriculture
Important aspects in road side development Trees provided on both sides of urban and rural
road serve the following purposes:
To provide attractive landscape of road sidesTo provide shade to the road usersTo protect against moving sand in desert areasTo provide fruit bearing trees and timberTo intercept the annoying sound waves and fumes
from road vehicles
Arboriculture (Cont…) In urban areas, the road side planting is mainly for
the beauty or the landscape and therefore, tests of ornamental and flowering species are generally preferred
On wide urban roads, the planting of shrubs is done on the medians or separators besides providing trees on road sides
It is desired that the crowns of the trees planted on both sides of a road do not cover the complete carriageway
Landscaping
Landscape Planning is concerned with the demographic, aesthetic, ecological and functional aspects of land use
Includes architecture design, site planning, estate development, environmental restoration, park and recreation planning, and historic preservation
Principles of Landscaping
Should help to preserve pleasing and aesthetically valuable features
The road should follow the natural terrain and harmoniously blend with it
Medians and rotary islands should be provided with flowering shrubs and plants
Turfing or shoulders and slopes should be provided with flowering shrubs and plants
Typical Cross Section of Urban Road with Footpath and Landscaping
Mumbai Pune Expressway
Mumbai Pune Expressway
Traffic Management
Traffic Management Objectives of traffic management are to make
productive use of road capacity and maximize safety
It includes measures to manage the supply of road space aimed at improving road capacity and/or quality and/or safety
Seeks to adjust, adapt, manage and improve the transport system to meet specified objectives
Objectives of Traffic Management Facilitate and enable travel of people with ease,
efficiency and safety Optimize system capacity (road and operating
systems) Maximize safety Provide priority for public mass transport (bus)
system Facilitate convenient and safe movement of
pedestrians and non-motorised vehicles Minimize environmental pollution due to traffic
Traffic Management Techniques Traffic circulation system Traffic control system Priority for public transport Pedestrian facilities Parking policy Accident care and incident management Installation of traffic signs and lane markings Improved street lighting Road pricing
Traffic Circulation System
The master plan for road links is to be developed to required lane widths as per estimated traffic volumes
The circulation system along them need to be re-organized introducing one-ways, no way be mode type by time period, turning movements restrictions at intersections etc. to minimize conflicts, increase capacity and maximize safety
Traffic Control System
The directional movements of vehicles and pedestrians need to be regulated
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) need to be installed to regulate traffic based on real time flows
Control systems need to accord priority for public transport modes
They must be enable easy, convenient and safe movement of pedestrians
Use of ITS
For ensuring safetyUsing high resolution cameraRoad side detectorsVariable message signs
For improving the transport facilityBy providing real time arrival information system of
transit busesAccident avoidance systems at turning pointsIncident management systems
High Resolution Camera
Intelligent Traffic Lights
Priority for Public Mass Transport
High occupancy vehicles (HOVs), in particular buses, need to be given priority
Objectives are to improve operational efficiency of the bus system, reduce travel time to bus users, promote modal shift to bus system, increase safety and reduce environmental pollution
Parking Facilities
In roadway transportation system, parking facilities form the terminal
Parking facilities can be either on-street or off-streetOn street: spaces near the sides of the roads where
vehicles are allowed to parkOff street: spaces away from the main thoroughfare
and connected to it through a service road
On-street Parking: Straight Parking
On-street Parking: Skew Parking
Off-street Parking
Parking Demand Generated by the land use pattern in the vicinity This is an important variable as the average
duration of parking gives an idea as to how frequently the same parking space can be used for parking different vehicles
IRC:SP:12-1973 Recommendations:For shops and markets, one parking space
should be provided for every 80 sq.m of floor areaFor apartment houses (flats), one parking space
for every two flats of 50 to 99 sq.m area
Traffic Control Devices
Traffic Control Devices
Signs, including Variable Message Signs (VMS) Signals Markings Street lighting
Road signs
Proper road signs aid the drivers in reaching their destinations safely and efficiently
Properly designated road signs improve safety by:Instructing drivers on safe speedsInforming drivers on impending changes in road
geometryReducing driver confusion through clear signs on
allowable traffic movement patterns
Categories of Traffic signs
Regulatory signs: meant to inform the road users of certain laws, regulations and prohibitions
Warning signs: used to warn the road users to certain hazardous conditions that exist on or adjacent to the roadway
Informatory signs: used to guide the road users along routes, inform them of destination and distance and provide with information to make travel easier, safe and pleasant
Variable Message Signs (VMS) Traffic control devices used to provide motorists en-
route traveler information The information is most often displayed in real-time
and can be controlled either from a remote centralized location or locally at the site
designed to affect motorist behavior to improve traffic flow and operations
The objective of providing the information is to allow the motorist time to avoid an incident, prepare for unavoidable conditions, or to give travel directions
VMS
Highway VMS
Urban Signs
Traffic Signals Control devices which could alternatively direct the
traffic to sop and proceed at intersections Traffic control signals:
Fixed time signalManually operated signalSmart Traffic Signals – or technically “Intelligent
Transportation systems” – can actually sense when traffic volume are increasing and can adjust timing of their lights accordingly
Pedestrian signal Special traffic signal
Smart Traffic Signals
Road/traffic Markings Made of lines, patterns, words, symbols or
reflectors on the pavement, kerbs, sides of islands or on the fixed objects within or near the roadway
Also called special signs intended to control, warn, guide or regulate the traffic
The markings are made using paints in contrast with color and brightness of the pavement
Light reflecting paints are commonly used for traffic markings
Street Lighting
Street Lighting is an important way of increasing road safety at night
It also improves the quality of life for residents by deterring crime and making people more secure
For safe night driving, it may be considered as an added facility to the road users
Lighting Layouts Single side lighting: economical to install, but
suitable only for narrow roads Staggered lighting (both sides): adopted for wider
roads with three or more lanes Central lighting: adopted for wider roads with three
or more lanes
Note: spacing of the lights is decided based on location, lamp size, height of mounting and lighting requirements
Spacing 30 to 60m
Single Side Lighting
Staggered Lighting
Central Lighting
Parking Management
Parking Management
Includes a variety of strategies that encourage more efficient use of existing parking facilities, improve the quality of service provided to parking facility users and improve parking facility design
Address a wide range of transportation problems, and help achieve a variety of transportation, land use development, economic, environmental objectives. Specific Parking Management strategies
Parking Management Strategies Shared parking: parking spaces are shared by
more than one user, allowing facilities to be used more efficiently
Regulate parking facility use: More convenient and visible parking spaces are managed and regulated to give priority to higher-value trips, increase efficiency and user convenience
Parking maximums: Establish maximum in addition or instead of minimum parking standards to avoid excessive parking supply
Parking Management Strategies (Cont…)
Remote parking: Encouraging longer-term parkers to use off-site or fringe parking facilities, so more convenient spaces are available for priority users
Improving User Information and Marketing: Provide convenient and accurate information on parking availability and price, using maps, signs, brochures and electronic communication
Improved Walkability: Improve pedestrian conditions to allow parkers to conveniently access more parking facilities, increasing the functional supply in an area
Increase Capacity of Existing Parking Facilities: More parking spaces can sometimes be provided by using currently wasted space, sizing spaces for smaller vehicles and motorcycles, and using car stackers
Parking Management Strategies (Cont…)
Parking pricing: Charge motorists directly for using parking facilities, and set fees to encourage efficient use of parking facilities
Parking Facility Design and Management: Improved parking facility design to address safety, stormwater management, user comfort, security and aesthetic objectives
Parking Management Strategies (Cont…)
Typical Traffic Management PracticesLarge City Small City Town/Suburb
Commercial center, on-street
Priced: high hourly ratesRegulation: some loading
spaces with short time limits
Priced: medium ratesRegulation: 1-2 hour time
limit
Regulation: 1-3 hour time limit
Commercial center, Public off-street
Priced: high hourly, daily and monthly rates
Priced: medium hourly, daily and monthly rates
Regulation: sometimes 1 hour free to customers
Priced: low monthly ratesRegulation: 2-3 hour time
limit
Commercial center, Private off-street
Priced: High daily and monthly rates
Priced: Medium daily and monthly rates
Regulation: free to qualifying customers and
employees
Priced: low monthly ratesRegulation: free to
customers and employees
Near commercial center, On-street
Regulation: 1-3 hour Regulation: 1-4 hour Unregulated
Residential Neighborhood, On-
street
Regulation: “Residents only”, which may involve
permits
Unregulated Unregulated
Near special attractions (schools, parks,
theatres, etc
Regulation: “Residents only”, Special
management and enforcement during busy
time periods
Regulation: “Residents only”, Special
management and enforcement during busy
time periods
Regulation: “Residents only”, Special
management and enforcement during busy
time periods
Conclusion
ConclusionFor event which is going to happen in Nanded in 2008
Identify the corridors which is leading to the centre of major events
Increase the capacity of these corridors by widening the roads based on expected traffic and with proper geometric design
Do proper parking management with increasing capacity the existing parking facilities and also provide new parking facilities by considering parking demand
Conclusion (Cont…) Provide suitable traffic controlling devices to control,
regulate, and guide traffic and pedestrians Wherever possible, provide variable message signs
(VMS) at important locations Provide facilities like benches, shelters, drinking
water, toilets, dust bins, etc. for the pilgrims who are visiting the event
Also to take care of terrorist attack, adequate police force should be provided along with commando teams (can take help from army divisions)
References
References
IRC:93-1985 Guidelines on Design and Installation of Road Traffic Signals
IRC:SP:32-1988 Road Safety for Children IRC:SP:44-1994 Highway Safety Code MORT&H Manual for Safety in Road Design IRC:67-2001 Code of Practice for Road Signs IRC:79-1981 Recommended Practice for Road
Delineators
References
IRC:SP:31-1992 New Traffic Signs IRC:30-1968 Standard Letters and Numerals of
Different Heights for Use on Highway Signs IRC:35-1997 Code of Practice for Road Markings
(with paints) IRC:SP:43-1994 Guidelines on Low-Cost Traffic
Management Technique for Urban Areas IRC:11-1962 Recommended Practice for the Design
and Layout of Bicycles
References
IRC:99-1988 Tentative Guidelines on the Provision of Speed Breakers for Control of Vehicular Speeds on Minor roads
IRC:103-1988 Guidelines for Pedestrian Facilities IRC:SP:12-1973 Tentative Recommendations on the
Provision of Parking Spaces for Urban Areas
Transportation Systems EngineeringDepartment of Civil Engineering
IIT Bombay
Thank You
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