04PLANT SPECIES

01 Historical Background

VegetablesTomatoes

CucumbersPeppers

BasilMint

Thyme

HerbsLettuceSpinachArugula

Leafy greensEchinacea

Medicinal plants

02INPUT

SubstrateWater

Hoagland - formulated what is today the most known

nutrient solution

12,000 B.C.

1699

1860

1900

1935

1940-45 2010

1984

Transition from humter gatherersto agrarian sociey

Sachs and Knop made the first nutrient solution

for plants

First known multilayered Vertical Farm

John Woodward - mint plants in a hydroponic system

Interest in hydroponicsexperiments with nutrient solutions

instead of soil

WWII - hydroponic food production

to supply the U.S.A. army

The book “The Vertical Farm: Feeding the World in the 21st Century:

by Dr. Dickson Despommier added vision

to the use of the technology

- Climate computers monitoring nutrient solution, humidity, CO2, temperature and light.

- Broad light recipe: a steady 150 to 200μmol/m2/s of photons. Broad recipe: 75% red (630nm), 15% blue (450nm), 10% far red (730nm).

- Substrates: clay aggregates, rockwool, coco and many more...

Automation

CO2

Carbon DioxideSeeds

- Plants filter water, what they transpire is almost deionized water.- The LED technology has a long life span, it can be used during many cultivation cycles.

03 OUTPUT

Used Substrate

O2

Oxygen

CropsHeat

Nutrients

Energy

05 OVERVIEW

CO2

O2

II

Plants

Circular Economy and Vertical Farming