CIPHERTEXT
GROUP MEMBERSM. USMAN AHMED
HUMZA KHAN MUBEEN
CIPHERTEXT
In cryptography, ciphertext is the result of encryption performed on plaintext using an algorithm, called a cipher.
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
Cryptography began thousands of years ago.
Early 20th century, the invention of complex mechanical and electromechanical machines.
CONTRIBUTION OF MUSLIMS
Throughout history, the need for secrecy has been important.Abu Yusuf Ya’qub ibn e Ishaaq Al-Kindi was the first to De-Cipher an encrypted message.
TYPES OF CIPHERSHistorical pen and paper ciphers used in the past are
sometimes known as classical ciphers. They include:Substitution cipher: the units of plaintext are replaced
with ciphertext (Caesar cipher)Transposition cipher: the ciphertext is
a permutation of the plaintext (Rail fence cipher)Polyalphabetic substitution cipher: a substitution
cipher using multiple substitution alphabets (Vigenère cipher and Enigma machine)
Permutation cipher: a transposition cipher in which the key is a permutation
Private-key cryptography (symmetric key algorithm): the same key is used for encryption and decryption
Public-key cryptography (asymmetric key algorithm): two different keys are used for encryption and decryption
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