ChordatesChordates
ChordatesChordates
◊ What is a chordate?•1. Has either a backbone or a notochord (vertebrate)
•2. Can either be an ectotherm or an endotherm
◊ What is a chordate?•1. Has either a backbone or a notochord (vertebrate)
•2. Can either be an ectotherm or an endotherm
ChordatesChordates
◊Endotherm (warmblooded)•Has a stable body temperature
◊Ectotherm (coldblooded)•Can change body temperature due to the environment
◊Endotherm (warmblooded)•Has a stable body temperature
◊Ectotherm (coldblooded)•Can change body temperature due to the environment
ChordatesChordates
◊ 5 Major Catagories of Chordates• Fish• Amphibians• Reptiles• Birds• Mammals
◊ 5 Major Catagories of Chordates• Fish• Amphibians• Reptiles• Birds• Mammals
AmphibiansAmphibians
◊ Amphibian- means “double life”• Why?
◊ After beginning their lives in water, most amphibians spend their adulthood on land, returning to water to reproduce. (Lose gills and acquire lungs)
◊ Amphibian- means “double life”• Why?
◊ After beginning their lives in water, most amphibians spend their adulthood on land, returning to water to reproduce. (Lose gills and acquire lungs)
◊ http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/amphibians-animals/frogs-and-toads/frog_greentree_lifecycle.html
◊ http://video.nationalgeographic.com/video/player/animals/amphibians-animals/frogs-and-toads/frog_greentree_lifecycle.html
AmphibiansAmphibians◊ 3 types/orders:
• Anura (frogs and toads), • Caudata (salamanders and newts),
and• Gymnophiona (caecilians, limbless
amphibians that resemble snakes)
◊ 3 types/orders:• Anura (frogs and toads), • Caudata (salamanders and newts),
and• Gymnophiona (caecilians, limbless
amphibians that resemble snakes)
AmphibiansAmphibians
◊ What’s the difference between a frog and a toad?• 1. Many toads have lumps behind
their eyes that contain poison that oozes out when they are attacked.
• 2. Skin- ◊ Frogs are moist and smooth◊ Toads are dry and bumpy
◊ What’s the difference between a frog and a toad?• 1. Many toads have lumps behind
their eyes that contain poison that oozes out when they are attacked.
• 2. Skin- ◊ Frogs are moist and smooth◊ Toads are dry and bumpy
Frog DissectionFrog Dissection
◊ What are the rules of lab?◊ How should we behave?
◊ http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs/BL_16/BL_16.html
◊ What are the rules of lab?◊ How should we behave?
◊ http://www.mhhe.com/biosci/genbio/virtual_labs/BL_16/BL_16.html
Frog Dissection- MouthFrog Dissection- Mouth
ReptilesReptiles◊ An ectothermic vertebrate that has
lungs and scaly skin.◊ Major Groups:
•Lizards•Snakes•Turtles•Alligators•Crocodiles
◊ An ectothermic vertebrate that has lungs and scaly skin.
◊ Major Groups:•Lizards•Snakes•Turtles•Alligators•Crocodiles
ReptilesReptiles
◊ Unlike amphibians, which have a thin, moist skin, reptiles have dry, tough skin covered with scales.
•Skin protects and helps keep water in their bodies.
◊ Unlike amphibians, which have a thin, moist skin, reptiles have dry, tough skin covered with scales.
•Skin protects and helps keep water in their bodies.
ReptilesReptiles
◊ Lizards and snakes shed their skin.◊ All snakes are carnivores but not
all lizards are.◊ Turtles have a shell made from
their ribs and backbone.
◊ Lizards and snakes shed their skin.◊ All snakes are carnivores but not
all lizards are.◊ Turtles have a shell made from
their ribs and backbone.
ReptilesReptiles◊ What is the difference between an
alligator and a croc?• Alligators have broad, rounded
snouts, with only a few teeth visible.• Crocodiles have pointed snouts, and
you can see most of their teeth.
◊ What is the difference between an alligator and a croc?• Alligators have broad, rounded
snouts, with only a few teeth visible.• Crocodiles have pointed snouts, and
you can see most of their teeth.
BirdsBirds
◊ Bird: an endothermic vertebrate that has feathers and a four-chambered heart, and lays eggs.
◊ The rule is:• If it has feathers, it’s a bird.
◊ Bird: an endothermic vertebrate that has feathers and a four-chambered heart, and lays eggs.
◊ The rule is:• If it has feathers, it’s a bird.
BirdsBirds◊ Feathers:
•Contour: one of the large feathers that give shape to a bird’s body.
•Flight: long contour feathers that extend beyond the body on the wings and tail.
•Down: short, fluffy that are specialized to trap heat and keep a bird warm.
◊ Feathers:•Contour: one of the large
feathers that give shape to a bird’s body.
•Flight: long contour feathers that extend beyond the body on the wings and tail.
•Down: short, fluffy that are specialized to trap heat and keep a bird warm.
BirdsBirds◊ Feed
• Capture, grip and handle food, birds use their bills.
• Bills specify per species• Internal storage tank called a crop• Birds do not have teeth, a gizzard
performs the grinding function
◊ Feed• Capture, grip and handle food, birds
use their bills. • Bills specify per species• Internal storage tank called a crop• Birds do not have teeth, a gizzard
performs the grinding function
BirdsBirds
◊ Adaptations for Flight• 4 chambered heart• Highly efficient respiratory system • Lightweight bones with air spaces
◊ Adaptations for Flight• 4 chambered heart• Highly efficient respiratory system • Lightweight bones with air spaces
MammalsMammals◊ All mammals are endothermic
vertebrates with a 4 chambered heart and skin covered with fur or hair.
◊ All mammals are endothermic vertebrates with a 4 chambered heart and skin covered with fur or hair.
MammalsMammals
◊ All mammals have….
◊ 1. Hair or fur
◊ 2. Mammary glands (feed with milk)
◊ 3. Distinctive teeth
◊ 4. Highly developed brain
◊ 5. Extended care for the young
◊ All mammals have….
◊ 1. Hair or fur
◊ 2. Mammary glands (feed with milk)
◊ 3. Distinctive teeth
◊ 4. Highly developed brain
◊ 5. Extended care for the young
MammalsMammals
◊ Three groups of mammals• Monotremes• Marsupials• Placental mammals
◊ Three groups of mammals• Monotremes• Marsupials• Placental mammals
MammalsMammals
◊ Monotremes• Mammals that lay eggs• Two species:
◊ Spiny anteaters◊ Duck-billed platypuses
◊ Monotremes• Mammals that lay eggs• Two species:
◊ Spiny anteaters◊ Duck-billed platypuses
MammalsMammals◊ Marsupials
• Young born alive at an early stage, but continue to develop in a pouch
• Examples:◊Kangaroos◊Koalas◊Wallabies◊opossums
◊ Marsupials• Young born alive at an early stage,
but continue to develop in a pouch• Examples:
◊Kangaroos◊Koalas◊Wallabies◊opossums
MammalsMammals◊ Placental Mammals
• Develop inside a mother’s body until its body system can function independently.
• Examples:◊ Insect-eaters◊Flying mammals◊Primates◊Rodents◊Rabbits/hares◊Marine mammals◊Hoofed mammals
◊ Placental Mammals• Develop inside a mother’s body until its
body system can function independently.
• Examples:◊ Insect-eaters◊Flying mammals◊Primates◊Rodents◊Rabbits/hares◊Marine mammals◊Hoofed mammals
Top Related