CHIWAUKEE PRAIRIE WALKS
June 13 and 15, 2019
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Zizea aurea – Golden alexander - 4 Lupinus perennis – wild lupine - 20
Packera paupercula – Balsam Ragwort - 6 Iris virginica versicolor – blue-flag iris - 22
Lithospermum canescens – hoary puccoon - 8 Liparis loeselii – green twayblade - 24
Lithospermum incisum – fringed puccoon - 10 Dodecatheon meadia – shooting star - 26
Arenaria lateriflora – grove sandwort - 12 Castilleja coccinea - Indian paintbrush - 28
Tradescantia ohiensis – spiderwort - 14 Argentina anserina – silverweed - 30
Juncus articus balticus – baltic rush - 16 Sisyrinchium angustifolium – blue-eyed grass - 32
Schoenoplectus pungens – common 3-square - 18 Heuchara richardsonii – prairie alumroot - 34
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NOTE ON SOURCES
Unless otherwise noted, information regarding pollinators and beneficial insects was taken from
Pollinators of Native Plants: Attract, Observe and Identify Pollinators and Beneficial Insects with Native Plants (Pollination Press, 2014) and
Bees: An Identification and Native Plant Forage Guide (Pollination Press 2017)
both by Heather Holm
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Zizea aurea – Golden alexander
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Zizea aurea
• Five-parted yellow flowers with 10-20 umbellets in a compound umbel
• Flowers from late April to mid-June
• Black swallowtail and Ozark swallowtail caterpillars feed on the foliage
• Attracts small carpenter bees, small sweat bees, yellow-faced bees, mining bees, bumble bees, and mason bees.
• Andrena ziziae (mining bee sp.) is a specialist
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Packera paupercula – Balsam Ragwort
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Packera paupercula
• Yellow flower with 8-13 ray florets and center panicle of 40+ disc florets
• Flowers from late April to mid-June
• Attracts leafcutter bees, mason bees, small sweat bees, sweat bees, pure green sweat bee, and small carpenter bees
• Andrena gardineri (mining bee sp.) is a specialist
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Lithospermum canescens – hoary puccoon
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Lithospermum canescens
• Five-lobed yellow flowers
• Flowers from late April to mid-June
• Attracts bumblebees, digger bees, cuckoo bees, mason bees, bee flies, butterflies, and skippers.
• Hemierana marginata ardens (long horned beetle) is a specialist
https://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/hry_puccoonx.htm
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Lithospermum incisum – fringed puccoon
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Lithospermum incisum
• Yellow trumpet shaped, 5-lobed flowers with ruffled edges
• Narrow leaves
• Flowers from April to June
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Arenar ia later if lora – grove sandwort
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Arenar ia later if lora
• Five-parted white flowers
• Flowers from late spring to early summer
• Probably attracts small bees (Halictid, Andrenid) and flies (Syrphid).
https://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/woodland/plants/gr_sandwort.html
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Tradescantia ohiensis - spiderwort
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Tradescantia ohiensis
• Three-part, bright blue flowers
• Flowers from late April through June
• Bumble bees are the primary pollinators
• Attracts sweat bees, mason bees, green sweat bees, and small carpenter bees
• Eastern Tiger Swallowtail butterflies sometimes feed on the nectar
• Larvae of non-native syrphid flies live in and feed on bulbs
• European Wool Carder bees use hairs from stems and buds to line brood cells
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Juncus ar ticus balticus – baltic rush
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Juncus ar ticus balticus
• Flood and drought tolerant
• Forms dense stands
• Brown fruits the size of ground pepper
• Provides good cover and seeds for waterfowl, songbirds, and small mammals.
https://plants.usda.gov/pmpubs/pdf/idpmcfsjuba.pdf17
Schoenoplectus pungens – common 3-square
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Schoenoplectus pungens
• Sharply 3-angled culm (stem)
• Prefers full to partial sun in wet sandy areas
• Attracts Plateumaris flavipes (a leaf beetle) and the culm-boring larvae of three Crambid moths: Occidentalia comptulatalis, Schoenobius melinellus dispersellus, and Thopeutis forbesellus.
• Summer host of Rhopalosiphum cerasifoliae (Chokecherry Aphid)
• The seeds/seedheads of this plant and other bulrushes are an important source of food for many wetland birds, including ducks, geese, rails, and some granivorous songbirds.
• Common Three-Square also provide suitable cover, foraging, and nesting habitat for many wetland birds. This includes such species as the Marsh Wren, Yellow-headed Blackbird, Canvasback, Ruddy Duck, American Bittern, Virginia Rail, Sora, Common Moorhen, and Wilson's Snipe
• Muskrats feed on the rootstocks and aerial stems of these plants.
https://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/grasses/plants/cm_3sq.html19
Lupinus perennis – wild lupine
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Lupinus perennis
• 5-parted blue purple flower
• Flowers late April through May
• Flowers have no nectar
• Flowers petals change color after bee has visited signaling others to move on
• Attracts mining bees, mason bees, and bumble bees which can open the flower
• Small carpenter and sweat bees feed on stray pollen
• Larval host for Karner Blue Butterfly, Wild Indigo Duskywing, PersiusDuskywing, Frosted Elfin, Orange Sulphur, Clouded Sulphur, Painted Lady, and Clover Looper Moth.
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Ir is virginica versicolor – blue-flag iris
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Ir is virginica versicolor
• Blue-violet flowers of 3 sepals, 3 petals, 3 stamens, and 3 style-branches with stigmata
• Flower from late spring to early summer
• Prefers wet/moist conditions in full sun
• Flowers are cross-pollinated by bumble bees and long-horned bees
• Caterpillars Ctenucha virginica (Virginia Ctenucha), Spilosoma congrua (Agreeable Tiger Moth), and Macronoctua onusta (Iris Borer Moth) moths feed on these plants.
• The foliage and rootstocks are somewhat toxic and cause irritation of the gastrointestinal tract so most mammalian herbivores avoid it.
https://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/wetland/plants/blueflag.htm23
Lipar is loeseli i – green twayblade
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Lipar is loeseli i
• Member of the orchid family
• Yellowish-green 6-parted flowers
• Blooms from June – July
http://wisflora.herbarium.wisc.edu/taxa/index.php?taxon=4088
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Dodecatheon meadia – shooting star
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Dodecatheon meadia
• Each flower has 5 petals that are reflexed upward that together look like shooting stars
• Bloom in late spring for about one month
• Attracts queen bumblebees who get pollen by rapid vibration of thoracic muscles (“buzz pollination”), which is effective for these odd-shaped flowers.
• Also attracts anthophorine bees, long-horned bees (Melissodes spp.), and green metallic bees (Augochlorella, Augochloropsis) who gather pollen.
• Flowers have no nectar.
https://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/shootingstarx.htm
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Casti l leja coccinea - Indian paintbrush
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Casti l leja coccinea
• Bracts
• Blooms from May to August
• Partially parasitic plant that takes nutrients from native prairie grasses and other native wildflowers
https://www.minnesotawildflowers.info/flower/indian-paintbrush
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Argentina anser ina - silverweed
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Argentina anser ina
• Gets its name because the lower leaflet surface is white-canescent from dense minute hairs
• Flowers have 5 spreading yellow petals
• Blooms in summer and early autumn for 2 – 3 months
• Flowers are cross-pollinated by bumblebees, cuckoo bees, Andrenid bees, and Syrphid flies.
• Flowers have nectar and pollen.
• Flea beetles and aphids eat the foliage.
http://www.illinoiswildflowers.info/prairie/plantx/silverweed.html
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Sisyr inchium angustifol ium – blue-eyed grass
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Sisyr inchium angustifol ium
• This is an iris not a grass
• Flowers have 6 blue pointed tepals
• Blooms from mid-May to June and sporadically throughout the season
Landscaping with Native Plants of Wisconsin (Voyageur Press, 2007) by Lynn M. Steiner
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Heuchara r ichardsonii – prairie alumroot
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Heuchara r ichardsonii
• Green to cream 5-parted flower
• Flowers in June
• Flowers have pollen and nectar
• Attracts small bee species, especially sweat bees and green sweat bees
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