CHINAResists Outside Influence
Resists Outside Influence
• Rejected Western Goods:– Largely self-sufficient– Mining, Agriculture & Manufacturing
• Only port open to West: GUANGZHOU– China earns more on exports.– British smuggle opium =
• Chinese addiction problem• 12 million addicted
War Breaks Out
• Opium War: 1839– China Pleads with Queen Victoria– Pleas unnoticed = Sea Warfare
• British ships defeat the Chinese– Treaty of Nanjing give Britain control Hong Kong
• Extraterritorial Rights: 1844– Foreigners not subject to Chinese law at
Guangzhou and 4 other ports.
Population& Taiping Rebellion
• “Great Peace” – Hong Xiuquan– New China
• Grows army of 1 million– Captures SE sections of China– Hong went into isolation and internal
fighting grew.– 1864: rebellion is defeated.
Resistance to Change:
• Dowager Empress Cixi:– 1862-1908– Prefers traditional ways – Reforms only in Education, Government &
Military• Self-Strengthening Movement• Manufactured
– steam-powered gunboats, – Rifles– Ammunition
Spheres of Influence
• Europeans, Japan take advantage of China’s weakness.
– Foothold in China: “Sphere of Influence”• Foreign nations controlled trade and investment
in China.
• U.S. worries– Open Door Policy:
• China be left open to all nations that wish to trade.
Chinese Nationalism
• Chinese resent outside power; want change.
• 1898: Emperor Guangxu enacts reforms; Qing officials see these reforms as an attack on their power.– Streamline the Government– Modernize the military– Reorganize education system
Boxer Rebellion
• Secret Organizations formed by peasants.– Society of Righteous and Harmonious Fists
• “BOXERS”
• Take away foreigners privileges and power & Empress Dowager Empress’s rule.
Results of Boxer Rebellion
• Rebels take Beijing.
• Foreign armies defeat the rebels ending the rebellion.
• Chinese Nationalism SURGES!
Beginning of Reform
• Empress Cixi recognizes necessity for reform.– World Tour to U.S. Britain, France,
Germany, Russia and Italy.
• Constitution based on Japans constitutional monarchy– National assembly– Reforms are very slow
Imperial Japan
Chapter 28 Section 2
Isolation
• 17th century to early 19th century.
• Rigid feudal system = – peace & prosperity
Japan ends its isolation
• Demand for foreign trade:– Early 19th century– Commodore Perry
• Forced emperor to accept letter to allow open trade b/t U.S. & Japan
– Treaty of Kanagawa• Opened ports to the U.S• Permission granted to other foreigners.
Meiji Reform:
• Shogun was forced to step down– End of dynasty lasting since the 12th
century.
• Meiji Era: “Enlightened Rule”– Mutsuhito is a reformer.– Modernize Japan
Western Influences:
• Germany:– Consitution– German Army
• Britain:– Navy
• U.S.– Universal education
Industrilization
• Railroads
• Coal production
• State-supported companies– Ship building– Large industry.
Imperial Japan
• 1890: strong navy & large army– Strongest military in Asia.
• Convinces all European nations to abolish the extraterritorial rights.
Japan attacks China
• Japan sets eyes on Korea– Forces Korea to open 3 ports to trade.– Korea an important trade partner for both
China & Japan
• China and Japan agree not to send troops to Korea.
Korea asks for Help!
• Korean king asks China to help put down rebellion.
• Sino-Japanese War– Japan sends troops in to defeat China.– Defeats China
• Foothold in Manchuria, Taiwan & Pescadores Isands.
Russo-Japanese War
• Balance of Power shift:– Russia vs. Japan
• Went to war over Manchuria.– Russia; stay out of Korea..(Refused!!)
• Japan defeats Russia– Russia withdraw from Manchuria & Korea
Japanese Occupation of Korea
• 1905: Korea becomes a protectorate.
• 1910: Korea is annexed to Japan– Under Japan’s control.
• Japan harshly rules Korea =– KOREAN NATIONALISM!
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