Children with Hearing Loss
in Hawai`i: Early and Late Identified
(Session #8)
2006 Early Hearing Detection and Intervention Conference
Washington, D.C.February 3, 2006
Beppie J. Shapiro, Ph.D. andNicolette K. Battad, M.A.
Center on Disability Studies, College of Education, University of Hawai`i
[email protected], [email protected]
Faculty Disclosure Information
In the past 12 months, I have not had a significant financial interest or other relationship with the manufacturer(s) of the
product(s) or provider(s) of the service(s) that will be discussed in my presentation.
This presentation will (not) include discussion of
pharmaceuticals or devices that have not been approved by the FDA or if you will be discussing unapproved or “off-label”
uses of pharmaceuticals or devices.
Presentation Outline
Description of StudyPreliminary dataDiscussion
Hawai`i Follow-Up Study of Children with Congenital Hearing Loss
Born 1992-1998Permanent congenital hearing lossLived continuously in Hawai`iCo-occurring disabilities do not
preclude assessment
Study Eligibility:
Recruitment: Goal to recruit 187 children!
417
131160
9565 48
050
100150200250300350400450
Current Study Status
Recruitment ended Dec. 2005
48 eligible children enrolled Information from 343
providers obtained Majority of data entered in
database
Child Demographics-Birth Yr
2 2
5
910
11
9
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
20 females, 28 malesMedian age upon study entry 6.9 years (range 4.6-
13.5)
Child Demographics-Ethnicity
18
6
17
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Asian
Caucasian
Pacific Islander
American/Alaska Native
Asian/Caucasian/Pac Isl
Hispanic/Latino
Family Demographics-Mother’s Info
Median age of mother at birth of child 31 yrs. (range 16-44)
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
<20 20-25 26-30 31-35 36+02468
101214161820
Mother’s Education Mother’s Age at Birth
Family Demographics- Income
Range 35-361% Hawaii’s 2004 FPL for Family Size of 4 =
$21,680/yr
10
1716
3
02468
1012141618
100% 200% 300% >300%
# of Families
Parent Report: How Was Loss Identified?
Mean age of identification reported by parent was 21 months (range 0-120 mo)
At Birth 15%
At Older Age by Professional- 45%
NHS 33%
Newborn Hearing Screening by Birth Year
Total of 29 children screened thru NBHS 88% children were referred from NBHS for further
evaluation
0 0
40
55
72 70
87
0102030405060708090
100
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
% Screened
Age at 1st Identification
Median Age 1st Identified = 12 months
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1 3 6 12 24 36 48 60
Age (months) by which child was identified
(not cumulative)
# of Children
Age at 1st Intervention
4
87
6
8
4
2
0123456789
1 3 6 12 24 36 60
# of Children
Age (months) by which service initiated (not cumulative)
Educational Data
50% of Children enrolled in Special Education (SPED)
4.6 years =Average age of enrollment
Communication
83% Communicate primarily in spoken English; 16% Mixed; 4% ASL
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
English Only Mixed ASL Only
# of children
Amplification
58% use hearing aids; 3 (6%) cochlear implants
83% Communicate primarily in spoken English; (16% Mixed; 4% ASL)
Child Development
38% of parents reported child had other developmental delays (cognitive, fine motor, gross motor)
Reference List
For more information on efficacy of NBHS protocols, see
Johnson, Jean, White, Karl, Widen, Judith, Gravel, Judith et al, 2005. A Multicenter Evaluation of How Many Infants with Permanent Hearing Loss Pass a Two-Stage Otoacoustic Emissions/Automated Auditory Brainstem Response Newborn Hearing Screening Protocol. Pediatrics 116:3, 663-672
Additional information on EHDI in Hawai`i and other states may be found at:
www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/ehdi/dips.htm
Discussion
Beppie Shapiro [email protected] [email protected]
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