GREATER WASHGREATER WASHTMZ GTMZ G

HUMBERGATEWAY

TMZ G

FL65FL65SFCSFCFL65SFC

FL100FL100SFCSFC

FL100SFC

55005500SFCSFC5500SFC

GREATER WASHTMZ GFL100FL100SFCSFC

FL100SFC

LONDONLONDONARRAYARRAYTMZ GTMZ G

LONDONARRAYTMZ G

3500SFC

BURBO BANKTMZ G

AREA A2000SFCAREA B

FL45SFCAREA C

WALNEY TMZ GFL100SFC

A

BC

MORAYFIRTH

TMZ E GFL100SFC

FL100SFC

45004500SFCSFCAREA CAREA C

AREA BAREA B 30003000SFCSFC

AREA AAREA A 25002500SFCSFC

HAWARDENHAWARDENRMZ GRMZ G

2500SFC

HAWARDENRMZ G

AREA A3000SFCAREA B

4500SFCAREA C

A

B

C

EKOFISKRMZ1500SFC

Chesil North500SFC

Severn4000SFC

LangstoneHarbour

500SFC

LangstoneHarbour

500SFC

PaghamPaghamHarbourHarbour

500500SFCSFC

PaghamHarbour

500SFC

HilbreIslands

500SFC

Martin Mere2000SFC

Otmoor2000SFC

Havergate2000SFC

Isle of May2000SFC

Minsmere2000SFC

Brancaster500SFC

Lakenheath FenLakenheath Fen30003000SFCSFC

Lakenheath Fen3000SFC

Holme-next-Holme-next-the-seathe-sea

500500SFCSFC

Holme-next-the-sea

500SFC

Holkham500SFC

Blakeney PointBlakeney Point500500SFCSFC

Blakeney Point500SFC

GibGibraltar Pointraltar Point20002000SFCSFC

Gibraltar Point2000SFC

AREA 1FL280FL120

AREA 14FL240FL180

AREA 2FL290

(OCNL FL350)FL100

AREA 4FL240

(OCNL FL350)FL70

AREA 5FL240

(OCNL FL350)FL70

AREA 3FL290

(OCNL FL350)FL100

AREA 6FL290FL100

AREA 8FL170FL70

AREA 10 (EAST)FL260FL80

AREA 10 (WEST)FL260FL80

AREA 11FL260FL80

AREA 12FL280FL70

AREA 13FL240FL150

AREA 9FL502000

AREA 7FL290FL100

Strathpeffer

RamsdRamsdalealeRamsdale

TailTail

Dochfour

Cawdor

Spean Bridge

Blarbuie

Castlelaw

DechmontKelphope Farm

Ponteland

Strensall

MatterseyRange

MatterseyRange

SouthFerriby

Ling FarmQuarry

Beckingham (No 1)

Corpusty

Horsford

NormanCross

KendrewBarracks

Elmington

Bassingbourn

ThetfordMepal

Waterbeach

Milton

FingringhoeFingringhoeFingringhoe

Barton RoadBarton RoadBarton Road

Swynnerton

Whittington

Kingsbury

Kineton

OtmoorOtmoorOtmoor

Sandhurst(Barrossa)

Chilcomb

Moody’sMoody’sDownDownMoody’sDown

Ash

LongmoorLongmoorLongmoor

TipnerTipnerTipner

Newtown

BoarHill

TyddesleyWood

Ross-on-WyeRoss-on-WyeRoss-on-Wye

RogietMoor

Radnor

Yoxter

Langport

Willsworthy

Millpool

Raleigh Raleigh (Trevol)(Trevol)

Raleigh (Trevol)

Tregantle

StraightPoint

Fort leMarchant

LesLandes Crabbe

EastHolme

ChChickerellickerellChickerell

Penally

Llansilin

Epperstone

Holcombe

Altcar

SealandSealandSealand

Marsden(Deerhill)Marsden(Deerhill)

Diggle

Battle Hill

LongtownLongtown

Drums Links

Black Dog

Daviot

DingwallFort

GeorgeFort

GeorgeStrathpeffer

Binnhill

HebridesHebridesRangeheadRangehead

HebridesRangehead

HebridesHebridesArdvuleArdvule

HebridesArdvule

WarringtonWarrington26002600SFCSFC

Warrington2600SFC

Hole HouseHole House21002100SFCSFC

Hole House2100SFC

St. Fergus3600SFC

Garlogie2900SFC

Kirriemuir2900SFC

Avonbridge3200SFC

GlenmavisGlenmavis25002500SFCSFC

Glenmavis2500SFC

Wooler2700SFC

Moffat3000SFC

Ellington1100SFC

Atwick3200SFC

Aldbrough3200SFC

EasingtonEasington36003600SFCSFC

Easington3600SFC

TheddlethorpeTheddlethorpe36003600SFCSFC

Theddlethorpe3600SFC

Hatton2700SFC

Stillingfleet1100SFC

Wilstow1100SFC

Kellington1100SFC

Maltby1300SFC

Welbeck1300SFC

Alrewas2700SFC

Daw Mill1300SFC Churchover

2900SFC

Wormington2600SFC

Aylesbury2800SFC

Felindre2800SFC

AvonmouthAvonmouth35003500SFCSFC

Avonmouth3500SFC

Bacton3600SFC

Diss2700SFC

Huntingdon2800SFC

Cambridge2700SFC

Chelmsford2700SFC

Isle of GrainIsle of Grain35003500SFCSFC

Isle of Grain3500SFC

Isle ofIsle ofGrain JettyGrain Jetty

35003500SFCSFC

Isle ofGrain Jetty

3500SFC

Citigen1100SFC

ThoresbyThoresby13001300SFCSFC

Thoresby1300SFC

Wisbech2600SFC

Kings Lynn(B)Kings Lynn(B)26002600SFCSFC

Kings Lynn(B)2600SFC Kings Lynn(A)

2600SFC

Peterborough2600SFC

Harworth1200SFC

Harworth1200SFC

Rossington1100SFC

Rossington1100SFC

Gascoigne WoodGascoigne Wood11001100SFCSFC

Gascoigne Wood1100SFC

RiccallRiccall11001100SFCSFC

Riccall1100SFC

Carnforth & Nether Kellet

2800SFCBarrow

3600SFC

BishopAuckland

3000SFC

LockerleyLockerley27002700SFCSFC

Lockerley2700SFC

PershorePershoreUNLUNLSFCSFC

PershoreUNLSFC

Laser SiteLaser SiteUNLUNLSFCSFC

CambridgeUNLSFC

HerstmonceuxCastleUNLSFC

University ofHertfordshire

UNLSFC

Laser SiteLaser SiteUNLUNLSFCSFC

Laser SiteUNLSFC

LOWFL285FL195

NORTH WALES (NORTH) MTA

HIGHFL660FL285

LOWFL285FL195

NORTH WALES (SOUTH) MTA

HIGHFL660FL285

EAST ANGLIANEAST ANGLIAN MTA AREA A MTA AREA A

FL550FL550FL245FL245

EAST ANGLIAN MTA AREA A

FL550FL245

MORAYFIRTH

TMZ E GFL100SFC

00000L1FL100000000FL100SFCSFCSFCSFC

f

TaTail

ks

Daviot

wallDingwalwallFort

GeorgeFortortortFo

GeorgeeFort

GeorgeeorgeGeorgerfefferfeffer

St. Fergus3600SFC

Blarbuie

BANK G

Ponteland

yyMattersesatterseyatterseyM ttMMatterseyRangeRRRangeRRRange

gtowntLong ooooLongtLonLon toownLongtown

Drums Linruru

Black Dog

Garlogie2900SFC

Kirriem29S

Moffat3000SFC

Ellington1100SFC

Hatton2700SFC

Kellin1100SFC

Maltby1300SFC HarworthoHHarworthHarworth

2001112001200SFCSFCCSFCSFC

gtonnRossingssRossinRossingtoRossingtonRossingtong0110001100

SFCSFCCSFCSFC

Carnforth & Nether Kellet

2800SFCBarBBa

360SF

BAu

R0632000SFC

R1072000SFC

R159R15914001400SFCSFC

R1591400SFC

R158R15814001400SFCSFC

R1581400SFC

R1571400SFC

R1052000SFC

R2042200SFC

R2142400SFC

R1552000SFC

R1542000SFC

R002R00220002000SFCSFC

R0022000SFC

R0952374SFC

R1532000SFC

R160UNLSFC

R610A5000SFC

R610A5000SFC

R4322200SFC

R4462000SFC

R4132000SFC

R4312000SFC

R4452000SFC

R444R44420002000SFCSFC

R4442000SFC

R3122100SFC

R3211600SFC

R2122000SFC

R2202000SFC

R2172000SFC

R3139500SFC

R3152000SFC

R3112200SFC

R3222100SFC

R3191700SFC

R6126000SFC

R5162100SFC

R6032000SFC

R5042800SFCR515R515

20002000SFCSFC

R5152000SFC

R610CR610C20002000SFCSFC

R610C2000SFC

R610DR610D20002000SFCSFC

R610D2000SFC

R610B5000750

R3222100SFC

R1042400SFC

R1012400SFC

R219R21920002000SFCSFC

R2192000SFC

See Note for Activation Period

P8132100SFC

P611P61122002200SFCSFC

P6112200SFC

‡†‡†§D510BD510B55005500

(OCNL 18000)(OCNL 18000)SFCSFC

‡†‡†§D510CD510C55005500

(OCNL 18000)(OCNL 18000)SFCSFC

║‡§D203D2032300023000

(OCNL 50000)(OCNL 50000)SFCSFC

‡§D512D5121800018000

(OCNL 25000)(OCNL 25000)SFCSFC

‡§D406BD406B5000050000

(OCNL 80000)(OCNL 80000)SFCSFC

§D406CD406C5000050000SFCSFC

‡§D405D4051500015000

(OCNL 50000)(OCNL 50000)SFCSFC

‡§D402AD402A30003000

(OCNL 23000)(OCNL 23000)SFCSFC

‡§D138AD138A60006000

(OCNL 60000)(OCNL 60000)SFCSFC

‡§D117D1172300023000

(OCNL (OCNL 27000)27000)SFCSFC

†§D037D0375500055000SFCSFC

ࠤD012D0121800018000

(OCNL 25000)(OCNL 25000)SFCSFC

†§D009D0092200022000SFCSFC

†§D007AD007A2200022000SFCSFC

§D115AD115A2700027000SFCSFC

§D138CD138C60006000SFCSFC

‡§D064CFL66010000

(OCNL 5000)

‡§D2082500

(OCNL 7500)SFC

‡§D408D40830003000

(OCNL 5600)(OCNL 5600)SFCSFC

‡§D4083000

(OCNL 5600)SFC

‡§D5052000

(OCNL 6500)SFC

‡§D6041500

(OCNL 9000)SFC

‡§D51218000

(OCNL 25000)SFC

ࠤD510B5500

(OCNL 18000)SFC

‡§D011C10000

(OCNL 24100)SFC

‡§D011A10000

(OCNL 24100)SFC

‡§D011B4500

(OCNL 24100)SFC

‡§D11723000

(OCNL 27000)SFC

‡§D2162300

(OCNL 10000)SFC

‡§D40710000

(OCNL 13500)SFC

‡§D40650000

(OCNL 80000)SFC

‡§D406B50000

(OCNL 80000)SFC

‡§D40515000

(OCNL 50000)SFC

‡§D402A3000

(OCNL 23000)SFC

‡§D402B3000

(OCNL 23000)SFC

ࠤD510C5500

(OCNL 18000)SFC

‡†‡†§D510AD510A55005500

(OCNL 15000)(OCNL 15000)SFCSFC

ࠤD510A5500

(OCNL 15000)SFC

§D41210000SFC

§D41210000SFC

§D512A22000SFC

§D14710000SFC

§D0444000SFC

§D141D14132003200SFCSFC

§D1413200SFC

§D0611500SFC

§D1102000SFC

†§D0011000SFC

§D3142900SFC

§D3043500SFC

§D2112400SFC †§D207D207

2300023000SFCSFC

†§D20723000SFC

║‡§D20323000

(OCNL 50000)SFC

ࠤD11812000

(OCNL 23000)SFC

§D4101000SFC

§D4423000SFC§D401

3200SFC

§D402C4000SFC

§D403A3000SFC

†§D5084100SFC

§D6014000SFC

§D7101500SFC

§D7022100SFC

†§D129FL120SFC

‡§D064BFL66010000

(OCNL 5000)

‡§D064AFL66010000

(OCNL 5000)

§D113A40000SFC §D115B

50000SFC

§D115A27000SFC

§D406C50000SFC

§D40335000SFC

§D40335000SFC

§D51310000SFC

§D513A23000SFC

§D51310000SFC

§D51310000SFC

§D513B23000SFC

§D50955000SFC

§D80155000SFC

§D80255000SFC§D803

40000SFC

†§D201AUNLSFC

ࠤD201FFL145

(OCNL UNL)SFC

†§D201JUNLSFC

†§D201HUNLSFC

‡§D139D13915001500

(OCNL 2000)(OCNL 2000)SFCSFC

‡§D1391500

(OCNL 2000)SFC

ࠤD01218000

(OCNL 25000)SFC

ࠤD03619000

(OCNL 55000)SFC

ࠤD01722000

(OCNL 55000)SFC

§D026D0261500015000

(OCNL 20000)(OCNL 20000)SFCSFC

ࠤD02615000

(OCNL 20000)SFC

ࠤD02322000

(OCNL 55000)SFC

ࠤD040D0402200022000

(OCNL 55000)(OCNL 55000)SFCSFC

ࠤD04022000

(OCNL 55000)SFC

§D136D1361300013000SFCSFC

§D13613000SFC

†§D03755000SFC

†§D03955000SFC

†§D03855000SFC

§D138B5000SFC§D138C

6000SFC

†§D021D0211500015000SFCSFC

†§D02115000SFC

†§D03115000SFC

†§D01360000SFC

‡§D138 13000

(OCNL 60000)SFC

‡§D138A6000

(OCNL 60000)SFC

†§D007B22000SFC

†§D00922000SFC

†§D009A55000SFC

†§D003 55000

SFC

†§D008 55000 SFC

†§D008B 55000

SFC

†§D008A 22000 SFC

†§D006AD006A 2200022000

SFC SFC

†§D006A 22000 SFC

†§D007A22000SFC

†§D006D006 1500 1500 SFC SFC

†§D006 1500 SFC

†§D007D007 2000 2000 SFC SFC

†§D007 2000 SFC

†§D004 55000 SFC

§D323EFL660FL250

§D323GFL660FL250

§D323FFL660FL250

§D323BFL660FL50

§D323BFL660FL50§D412

10000SFC

§D323AFL660FL50

§D323AFL660FL50

§D323DFL660FL50

§D323CFL660FL50

§D613DFL660FL100

§D712DFL660FL245

§D712DFL660FL245

§D712DFL660FL245

§D712CFL660FL245

§D712CFL660FL245

§D712BFL660FL245

§D712BFL660FL245

§D712BFL660FL245

§D712AFL660FL245

§D809(S)55000SFC

§D809(C)55000SFC

§D809(C)55000SFC

§D809(N)55000SFC

ࠤD70315000

(OCNL 22000)SFC

ࠤD307D3072000020000

(OCNL 23000)(OCNL 23000)SFCSFC

ࠤD30720000

(OCNL 23000)SFC

§D613BFL660FL100

§D613CFL660FL100

§D613AFL660FL100

§D3051500SFC

§D2152400SFC

†§D201CD201CUNLUNL

FL145FL145

†§D201CUNL

FL145

†§D201BUNLSFC

†§D201BUNLSFC

†§D201DUNLFL55

§D119D11950005000SFCSFC

§D1195000SFC

§D0153600SFC

§D2066000SFC

§D2132400SFC

ࠤD0145000

(OCNL 15000)SFC

†‡†‡║§D127D1271200012000SFCSFC

‡†‡†§D126D12614001400

(OCNL FL90)(OCNL FL90)SFCSFC

†§D122CD122CFL160FL160FL80FL80

†§D122BD122BFL160FL160FL80FL80

ࠤD1281400

(OCNL 50000)SFC†§D124

UNLSFC

†§D122AFL160FL80

†§D122CFL160FL80

†§D122BFL160FL80

║†§D123D1235000050000

SFCSFC

║†§D12350000

SFC

║†§D125D1255000050000

SFCSFC

║†§D12550000

SFC

ࠤD1261400

(OCNL FL90)SFC

†‡║§D12712000SFC

†§D1202500SFC

‡§D1331200

(OCNL 2400)SFC

‡§D1331200

(OCNL 2400)SFC

§D133A1200SFC

§D1322500SFC

§D130D13018001800

(OCNL 2300)(OCNL 2300)SFCSFC

‡§D1301800

(OCNL 2300)SFC

†§D202DD202DFL125FL125SFCSFC

†§D202DFL125SFC

†§D202AD202AFL100FL100FL60FL60

†§D202AFL100FL60

†§D202AD202AFL100FL100FL60FL60

†§D202AFL100FL60

†§D202BFL225FL100

†§D202BFL225FL100

†§D202CFL225FL100

§D701YD701YUNLUNLSFCSFC

§D701TUNLSFC

§D701FUNLSFC

§D701GUNLSFC

§D701EUNLSFC

§D701CUNLSFC

§D701YUNLSFC

§D701BUNLSFC

§D701DUNLSFC

§D701HUNLSFC

§D701IUNLSFC

§D701JUNLSFC

§D701KUNLSFC

§D701LUNLSFC

§D701MD701MUNLUNLSFCSFC

§D701MUNLSFC

§D701NUNLSFC

§D701OUNLSFC

§D701PUNLSFC

§D701QUNLSFC

§D701RUNLSFC

§D701XUNLSFC

§D701WUNLSFC

§D701AUNLSFC

§D701ZD701Z1000010000SFCSFC

§D701Z10000SFC

§D701UUNLSFC

§D701VUNLSFC

§D701SUNLSFC

ࠤD201G FL145

(OCNL UNL)SFC

§D113BD113B4500045000SFCSFC

§D113B45000SFC

SpadeadamSpadeadam20002000SFCSFC

WoodhamWoodhamFerrersFerrers

13001300SFCSFC

Buchan4000SFC

Mormond Hill1550SFC

Boulmer1600SFC

Skelton2400SFC

Oxenhope2500SFC

Neatishead1550SFC

Tacolneston3300SFC

Swingate1000SFC

PortsdownPortsdown66006600SFCSFC

Portsdown6600SFC

FarehamFareham16001600SFCSFC

Fareham1600SFC

CowesCowes920920SFCSFC

Cowes920SFC

PortsmouthPortsmouth22002200SFCSFC

Portsmouth2200SFC

Rampisham2500SFC

Woofferton2100SFC

PershorePershore60006000SFCSFC

Pershore6000SFC

Croughton6400SFC

BarfordSt. John

900SFC

EmleyMoor1925SFC

Portreath2500SFC

GoonhillyGoonhillyDownDown1180011800SFCSFC

GoonhillyDown11800SFC

WoodhamFerrers

1300SFC

Caldbeck3500SFC

Sandale3500SFC

Fylingdales(see note)

40000SFC

Spadeadam2000SFC

SpadeadamSpadeadam20002000SFCSFC

Spadeadam2000SFC

StaxtonWold2000SFC

Oakhanger10500SFC

BlandfordCamp820SFC

01200W01300W 01000W 00900W 00800W 00700W 00600W 00500W 00400W 00300W 00100W 00100E 00200E 00300E 00400E

5900N

5800N

5700N

5600N

5500N

5400N

5300N

5200N

5100N

5000N

5800N

5900N

5700N

5600N

5500N

5400N

5300N

5200N

5100N

5000N

4900N

0000000200W01100W

00900W01000W01100W

00800W 00700W 00600W 00500W 00400W 00300W 00100W 00100E 00200E0000000200W

CHART OF UNITED KINGDOM AIRSPACE RESTRICTIONS AND HAZARDOUS AREAS

© Copyright 2018 whose permission must be obtained before this chart is reproduced.Only selected airspace up to FL245 is depicted on this chart.Changes to this chart will be notified by amendments to the UK AIP.Pilots of military aircraft are warned that there are additional airspace restrictions applicable to them which are not shown on this chart. These are contained in RAF Flight Information Publication-PLANNING-Section 3.Users are requested to refer any comments on the portrayal of information on this chart to :-AIM, NATS, Swanwick Centre, Room 3115, Sopwith Way, Southampton, Hants, SO31 7AY.email:- aissupervisor@nats.co.uk or vfrcharts@nats.co.ukPublished by 2018Chart compiled and drawn by Aeronautical information including relevant changes notified by UK AIP amendments published up to 10 JUL 18.

LerwickLerwickLerwick

6100N

6000N

6100N

6000N

00100W00200W

00100W00200W

Danger Areas - All have EG as the national prefix

† Crossing Service available from identified unit. § Activity Information Service available from identified unit. ‡ The upper limit is occasionally raised by Class 1 NOTAM. Contains airspace subject to byelaws which prohibit entry during the period of danger area activity. See UK AIP GEN 1.6. ║ For those scheduled danger areas whose upper limit changes at specified times during its period of activity, only the higher of the upper limits is shown on the chart. Areas which may be active up to levels below the indicated upper limit. These times are one hour earlier during summer period. See UK AIP GEN 2.1.1 for start and finish of summer period.

†§ D001 0800-2359 Mon-Thu 0800-1800 Fri. Culdrose APP on 134.050 MHz, other times § London Information on 124.750 MHz. Preflight Information Culdrose Operations 01326 552415.†§ D003 0800-2359 Mon-Thu 0800-1600 Fri and as notified. Plymouth Military on 121.250 MHz, other times Swanwick Mil via London Information on 124.750 MHz. †§ D004 0800-2359 Mon-Thu 0800-1600 Fri and as notified. § London Information on 124.750 MHz. Preflight Information Plymouth Operations 01752 557550. †§ D006 0800-2359 Mon-Thu 0800-1600 Fri and as notified. Culdrose APP on 134.050 MHz, other times § London Information on 124.750 MHz. Preflight Information Culdrose Operations 01326 552201. †§ D006A 0800-2359 Mon-Thu 0800-1600 Fri and as notified. Plymouth Military on 121.250 MHz, other times Swanwick Mil via London Information on 124.750 MHz. § London Information on 124.750 MHz. Preflight information Culdrose Operations 01326 552201. †§ D007 0800-2359 Mon-Thu 0800-1600 Fri and as notified. Plymouth Military on 121.250 MHz, other times Swanwick Mil via London Information on 124.750 MHz. †§ D007A 0800-2359 Mon-Thu 0800-1600 Fri and as notified. § London Information on 124.750 MHz. Preflight Information Plymouth Operations 01752 557550. †§ D007B 0800-2359 Mon-Thu 0800-1600 Fri and as notified. †§ D008 0800-2359 Mon-Thu 0800-1600 Fri and as notified. †§ D008A 0800-2359 Mon-Thu 0800-1600 Fri and as notified. †§ D008B 0800-2359 Mon-Thu 0800-1600 Fri and as notified. †§ D009 When notified. †§ D009A 0800-2359 Mon-Thu 0800-1600 Fri and as notified. ‡§ D011A When notified. § London Information on 124.750 MHz. Preflight Information Range TSO 01837 657210. ‡§ D011B When notified. ‡§ D011C When notified. ‡†§ D012 0800-2359 Mon-Thu 0800-1600 Fri and as notified. Plymouth Military on 124.150 MHz, other times Swanwick Mil via London Information on 124.750 MHz. †§ D013 0800-2359 Mon-Thu 0800-1600 Fri and as notified. § London Information on 124.750 MHz. Preflight Information Plymouth Operations 01752 557550. ‡†§ D014 0800-2359 Mon-Thu 0800-1600 Fri and as notified. § D015 When notified. § London Information on 124.750 MHz. Preflight Range Control 01929 403765. ‡†§ D017 0800-2359 Mon-Thu 0800-1600 Fri and as notified. Plymouth Military on 124.150 MHz, other times Swanwick Mil via London Information on 124.750 MHz. †§ D021 0800-2359 Mon-Thu 0800-1600 Fri and as notified. § London Information on 124.750 MHz. Preflight information Plymouth Operations 01752 557550. ‡†§ D023 0800-2359 Mon-Thu 0800-1600 Fri and as notified. ‡†§ D026 0800-2359 Mon-Thu 0800-1600 Fri and as notified. Plymouth Military on 124.150 MHz. § London Information on 124.750 MHz. Preflight Information Plymouth Operations 01752 557550 over sea or 01929 404712 over land. †§ D031 0800-2359 Mon-Thu 0800-1600 Fri and as notified. Plymouth Military on 124.150 MHz, other times Swanwick Mil via London Information on 124.750 MHz. § London Information on 124.750 MHz. Preflight Information Plymouth Operations 01752 557550. ‡†§ D036 0800-1700 Mon-Thu 0800-1400 Fri and as notified. Plymouth Military on 124.150 MHz, at other times, Swanwick Mil via London Information on 124.750 MHz. § London Information on 124.750 MHz or 124.600 MHz as appropriate or through Southampton or Jersey ATSUs, as appropriate. Preflight Information Plymouth Operations 01752 557550. †§ D037 0800-1800 Mon-Fri and as notified. Plymouth Military on 124.150 MHz, other times Swanwick Mil via London Information on 124.750 MHz. †§ D038 0800-1800 Mon-Fri and as notified. § London Information on 124.750 MHz or 124.600 MHz. †§ D039 0800-1800 Mon-Fri and as notified. Preflight Information Plymouth Operations 01752 557550. ‡†§ D040 0800-1800 Mon-Fri and as notified. § D044 H24 § Lydd Information on 120.705 MHz, other times London Information on 124.600 MHz. Preflight Information Range TSO 01303 225503. § D061 When notified. § Exeter APP on 128.975, other times London Information on 124.750 MHz. Preflight Information Range TSO 01395 272972. ‡§ D064A-C When notified. § London Information on 124.750MHz. Preflight Information CRC Boulmer 01665-572312. Bookings MABCC 01489 612495. § D110 When notified. § London Information on 124.750MHz. Preflight Information Range TSO 01395 272972. § D113A When notified. § London Information on 124.750 MHz. Preflight Information Range Control 01646 662496. § D113B When notified. § D115A When notified. § London Information on 124.750 MHz. Preflight Information Range Control 01834 871282. § D115B When notified. ‡§ D117 When notified. § London Information on 124.750 MHz. Preflight Information Range Control 01994 452240. ‡†§ D118 0900-1600 Mon-Thu 0900-1400 Fri and as notified. § Pembrey Range on 122.750 MHz, other times London Information on 124.750 MHz. Preflight Information Range ATC 01554 892205. § D119 When notified. § Yeovilton APP on 127.350 MHz, other times London Information on 124.750 MHz. Preflight Information RNAS Yeovilton Air Operations 01935 455497. Bookings 01935-455449. †§ D120 When notified. § Boscombe Down Zone on 126.700 MHz. Preflight Information Boscombe Down ATC 01980 663246. †§ D122A-C When notified.

†║§D123 H24 Salisbury Operations on 122.750 MHz when open; other times § via ATIS on 130.150 MHz †§ D124 When notified. or 01980-674739. Preflight Information Salisbury Operations 01980-674710 or 674730 when open. †║§D125 H24 D123, D125 See ENR 5.1 for Upper vertical limit change times.‡†§D126 H24. Salisbury Operations on 122.750 MHz when open; other times § via ATIS on 130.150 MHz or 01980-674739. Pre-flight information Salisbury Operations, 01980-674710 or 01980-674730 or Boscombe Down ATC 01980-663246. ‡†║§ D127 H24. See ENR 5.1 for Upper vertical limit change times. § Boscombe Down Zone on 126.700 MHz, other times London Information on 124.750 MHz. Pre-flight information: Boscombe Down ATC 01980-663246. ‡†§ D128 H24. Salisbury Operations on 122.750 MHz when open; at other times § via ATIS on 130.150 MHz or 01980-674739. Preflight Information Salisbury Operations 01980 674710 or 674730. †§ D129 Mon-Fri SR-SS and when notified. Oxford APP on 125.090 MHz. § Brize Zone on 119.000 MHz. Pre-flight information Brize Norton 01993-895147. ‡§ D130 H24. § Farnborough APP on 125.250 MHz when open; other times London Information on 124.600 MHz. Pre-flight information Range Control 01420-483405. § D132 When notified. § Farnborough APP on 125.250 MHz when open; other times London Information on 124.600 MHz. ‡§ D133 0800-2359 and as notified. Pre-flight information Range TSO 01483-798304. § D133A 0800-2359 and as notified. § D136 When notified. § Southend APP on 130.775 MHz when open; other times London Information on 124.600 MHz. ‡§ D138 When notified. Pre-flight information Range Control 01702-383254. ‡§ D138A When notified. § D138B When notified. § D138C When notified. ‡§ D139 H24. § London Information on 124.600 MHz. Pre-flight information Range TSO 01206-736149. § D141 H24. § Lydd Information on 120.705 MHz when open; other times London Information on 124.600 MHz. Pre-flight information Range TSO, Tel: 01303-225879. § D147 H24. § London Information 124.750 MHz. †§ D201A When notified. Aberporth Radar on 119.650 MHz / 338.925 MHz or West Wales Radar on 127.090 MHz. †§ D201B When notified. § West Wales Information on 122.150 MHz. †§ D201C When notified. Pre-flight information Range Control 01239-813219. (D201H or West Wales Airport 01239-811100). †§ D201D When notified. ‡†§ D201F When notified. ‡†§ D201G When notified. †§ D201H When notified. †§ D201J When notified. †§ D202A When notified. Aberporth Radar on 119.650 MHz / 338.925 MHz or West Wales Radar on 127.090 MHz. †§ D202B When notified § West Wales Information on 122.150 MHz. †§ D202C When notified. Pre-flight information Range Control 01239-813219. (D202D or West Wales Airport 01239-811100). †§ D202D When notified. ║‡§ D203 H24. See ENR 5.1 for Upper vertical limit change times. § London Information on 124.750 MHz.Preflight Information Range Control 01874-635599. § D206 Mon 0400-Fri 2259 and as notified. § London Information on 124.600 MHz. Pre-flight information Cardington Met Office 01234-744657. †§ D207 0900-1700 Mon-Thu 0900-1200 Fri. Holbeach Range on 122.750 MHz when open. § Holbeach Range on 122.750 MHz when open; other times 1700-2200 Tue and Thu and as notified (Sep-Apr). London Information on 124.600 MHz. Pre-flight information Range Ops 01406-550083. Bookings 01406-550364 Ext 7119. ‡§ D208 H24. § Lakenheath Zone on 128.900 MHz. Pre-flight information Range Control 01842-855167. § D211 When notified. § London Information on 124.750 MHz. Pre-flight information Range TSO 01785-763134. § D213 When notified. § Coventry ATIS on 126.050 MHz, other times § London Information on 124.600 MHz. Preflight Information Range TSO 01869 257489. § D215 When notified. § London Information on 124.600 MHz. Pre-flight information: Guard Room 01780-727644. ‡§ D216 H24. § London Information on 124.750 MHz. § D304 When notified 0800-1800 and occasionally § Manchester APP on 118.575 MHz. Pre-flight information Range TSO 01785-763134. 2100 (Oct-Mar). § D305 When notified § London Information on 124.600 MHz. Pre-flight information Range TSO 07769-730481. ‡†§ D307 0900-1630 Mon-Thu 0900-1500 Fri. Donna Nook Range on 122.750 MHz when open. § Donna Nook Range on 122.750 MHz when open 1630-2200 Mon and Wed and as notified (Sep-Apr) at other times London Information on 124.600 MHz. Pre-flight information Range ATC 01507-359126. § D314 0800-1900 Mon-Fri. § Manchester APP on 118.575 MHz. Pre-flight information Health & Safety Laboratory Enquiries 01298-218000. § D323A-G When notified. § London Information on 124.475 MHz. Preflight Information CRC Boulmer 01665 572312. Activity is managed by the MABCC 01489 612495. § D401 0800-2359 daily. § Scottish Information on 127.275 MHz. Pre-flight information Range Control 02844-610392. ‡§ D402A When notified. § Luce Bay Information on 130.050 MHz or Scottish Information on 119.875 MHz. ‡§ D402B When notified. Pre-flight information Range Control 01776-888930. § D402C When notified. On no account should negative contact on 130.050 MHz be taken as non activity of the range. § D403 When notified. § D403A When notified. ‡§ D405 When notified. § Scottish Information on 119.875 MHz. Pre-flight information Kirkcudbright Range TSO 01412-248520.

R063 Dungeness (i) Flight permitted for the purpose of landing at or taking off from the helicopter landing area at Dungeness. PPR. (II) Flight permitted by an aircraft which has taken off from or intends to land at London Ashford (Lydd) Airport remaining at least 1.5NM from the installation (505449N 0005717E). R095 Sark Flight not permitted except in conformity with any permission granted by or on behalf of the Channel Islands Director of Civil Aviation. The Island of Sark is within Bailiwick of Guernsey territorial waters although within the Brest FIR.R101 Aldermaston Flight permitted for the purpose of landing at or taking off from the helicopter landing area at Aldermaston. PPR.R104 Burghfield Flight permitted for the purpose of landing at or taking off from the helicopter landing area at Burghfield. PPR.R105 Highgrove House Applies to helicopters and microlight aeroplanes only.R107 Belmarsh Applies to helicopters only, except those making an IFR approach (cloud break purposes) to London/City Airport or operated by UK Police forces.R153 Hinkley Point (i) Flight permitted for the purpose of landing at or taking off from the helicopter landing area at Hinkley Point. PPR. (ii) Flight permitted by a helicopter flying within the Bridgewater Bay Danger Area remaining at least 1NM from the installation (511233N 0030749W). R154 Oldbury Flight permitted for the purpose of landing at or taking off from the helicopter landing area at Oldbury. PPR.R155 Berkeley Flight permitted for the purpose of landing at or taking off from the helicopter landing area at Berkeley. PPR.R157 Hyde Park Flight permitted by: any aircraft in the service of the Chief Officer of Police for the Metropolitan Police District; any aircraft flying in accordance withR158 City of London Special Flight Notification issued by the appropriate ATC unit; any helicopter flying on Helicopter Route H4; any aircraft flying in accordance with R159 Isle of Dogs an Enhanced Non-Standard Flight clearance issued by the appropriate ATC unit (R159 only - any aircraft approaching or departing from London/City Airport). See also ENR 1.1, paragraph 4.1.6.R160 The Specified Area Except with written permission of the CAA ( 01293 567171) a helicopter shall not fly over this area below such a height as would enable it, in event of an engine failure, to land clear of the area. See also ENR 1.1, subsection 4.R204 Long Lartin Applies to helicopters only. Except those operated by or on behalf of UK Police Forces.R212 Whitemoor Applies to helicopters only. Except those operated by or on behalf of UK Police Forces.R214 Woodhill Applies to helicopters only. Except those operated by or on behalf of UK Police Forces.R217 Sizewell Flight permitted for the purpose of landing at or taking off from the helicopter landing area at Sizewell. PPR.R219 Sandringham House In the period starting 0001 hours on 1 December and ending at 0001 hours on 1 March each year. Flight permitted by:any aircraft in the service of National Police Air Service; any aircraft flying in the service of the Helicopter Emergency Medical Service; any aircraft flying in the service of the Maritime and Coastguard Agency; any aircraft flying in the service of The Queen’s Helicopter Flight; any aircraft flying in accordance with a permission issued by the Norfolk and Suffolk Constabulary Royalty and VIP Protection Unit; any aircraft landing in the grounds of Sandringham House at the invitation of the person in charge of the household there, provided that the Norfolk and Suffolk Constabulary Royalty and VIP Protection Unit has been informed in advance of such intended landing.R220 Anmer Hall Flight permitted by: any aircraft in the service of National Police Air Service; any aircraft flying in the service of the Helicopter Emergency Medical Service; any aircraft flying in the service of the Maritime and Coastguard Agency; any aircraft flying in the service of The Queen’s Helicopter Flight; any aircraft flying in accordance with a permission issued by the Norfolk and Suffolk Constabulary Royalty and VIP Protection Unit; any aircraft either operated by a member of the Royal Family, or landing in the grounds of Anmer Hall at the invitation of the person in charge of the household there, provided that the Norfolk and Suffolk Constabulary Royalty and VIP Protection Unit has been informed in advance of such intended flight or landing.R311 Capenhurst R312 Springfields (i) Flight permitted at not less than 1670FT AMSL for the purpose of landing at Blackpool Airport or in airspace lying south of a straight line joining 534644N 0024454W to 534513N 0025044W for the purpose of landing at or taking off from Warton Aerodrome. (ii) Flight permitted for the purpose of landing at or taking off from the helicopter landing area at Springfields. PPR.R313 Scampton Restrictions are in force between 0830-1700 winter and 0730-1600 summer Mon-Fri inclusive and when otherwise notified by NOTAM. whenever the Red Arrows are carrying out formation aerobatic and display training. Information from Scampton ATC 01522 733055 or Waddington Zone 127.350 MHz/249.850 MHz. Non-radio aircraft may obtain a pre-flight clearance from Waddington ATC 01522 727451 / 727452. R315 Full Sutton Applies to helicopters only. Except those operated by or on behalf of UK Police Forces.R319 Manchester Applies to helicopters only. Except those operated by or on behalf of UK Police Forces.R321 Wakefield Applies to helicopters only. Except those operated by or on behalf of UK Police Forces.R322 Wylfa (i) Flight permitted at a height of not less than 2000FT AGL whilst operating under and in accordance with a clearance from ATC RAF Valley. (ii) Flight permitted for the purpose of landing at or taking off from the helicopter landing area at Wylfa. PPR.R413 Sellafield Flight permitted for the purpose of landing at or taking off from the helicopter landing area at Sellafield. PPR.R431 Maghaberry Applies to helicopters only. Except those operated by or on behalf of UK Police Forces.R432 Frankland/Durham Applies to helicopters only. Except those operated by or on behalf of UK Police Forces.R444 Heysham Flight permitted for the purpose of landing at or taking off from the helicopter landing area at Heysham. PPR. For microlight access to Middleton Sands contact BMAA head office.R445 Barrow-in-Furness Flight permitted for the purpose of landing at or taking off from the helicopter landing area at Barrow-in-Furness. PPR.R446 Hartlepool Flight permitted for the purpose of landing at or taking off from the helicopter landing area at Hartlepool. PPR. Flight at a height of not less than 1800FT AMSL whilst conducting an instrument approach procedure at Durham Tees Valley Airport. R504 Shotts Applies to helicopters only. Except those operated by or on behalf of UK Police Forces.R515 Hunterston Flight permitted for the purpose of landing at or taking off from the helicopter landing area at Hunterston. PPR.R516 Torness Flight permitted for the purpose of landing at or taking off from the helicopter landing area at Torness. PPR.R603 Rosyth Flight permitted within the route notified as the Kelty Lane for the purpose of making an approach to land at, or departure from Edinburgh Airport.

‡§ D406 When notified. § Eskmeals Information on 122.750 MHz or London Information on 125.475 MHz. ‡§ D406B When notified. Pre-flight information Eskmeals Range 01229-712245 / 712233. § D406C When notified. D406 - Aircraft following the west coast may proceed through the danger area at a height not below 2000FT but it is essential that they remain east of the main railway line paralleling the coast while within the danger area.‡§ D407 0730-0200 Mon-Sat. § London Information on 125.475 MHz. Pre-flight information Range TSO 01768-343224. 0730-1300 Sun and as notified. ‡§ D408 0830-1630 Tue-Sun and as notified. § Leeming Zone on 133.375 MHz when open, other times London Information on 125.475 MHz. Pre-flight information Range TSO 01748-875502. § D410 When notified. § Leeming Zone on 133.375 MHz when open, other times London Information on 125.475 MHz. Pre-flight information Range TSO 01765-632280. § D412 When notified. § London Information on 125.475 MHz. Bookings MABCC 01489 612495. § D442 H24. § Leeming Zone on 133.375 MHz when open, other times London Information on 125.475 MHz. Pre-flight information Range TSO 01748-875502. ‡§ D505 0800-2359 daily. § Scottish Information on 127.275 MHz. Pre-flight information Range TSO 02877-720029. †§ D508 0800-1700 Mon- Fri and as notified. Newcastle APP on 124.380 MHz. § Scottish Information on 119.875 MHz. Preflight Information Range Reception 01434-220952. § D509 When notified. § Scottish Information on 119.875 MHz. Pre-flight information CTF311 Operations, 01923-956371. ‡†§ D510A-C 0900-1700 Mon-Thu 0900-1600 Fri and as notified. Spadeadam on 128.725 MHz. § Newcastle APP on 124.380 MHz and Carlisle Tower on 123.600 MHz. Pre-flight information Range ATC 01697-749486 / 749488. ‡§ D512 H24. For notifiable upper limit extension, not from § Scottish Information on 119.875 MHz. Pre-flight information Range Control 01912-394261. 0600-0900 Mon-Fri or 1700-1900 Mon-Thu. § D512A When notified, not from 0600-0900 Mon-Fri or 1700-1900 Mon-Thu. § D513 When notified. § Scottish Information on 134.775 MHz. § D513A When notified. Pre-flight information CRC Boulmer 01665-572312. Bookings MABCC 01489 612495. § D513B When notified. § D601 0800-2359 daily and as notified. § Scottish Information on 119.875 MHz. Pre-flight information Range TSO 01412-248123. ‡§ D604 H24. § Leuchars APP on 126.500 MHz. Pre-flight information Range TSO 01313-103426. § D613A When notified. § Scottish Information on 136.375 MHz. Preflight Information CRC Boulmer 01665 572312. § D613B When notified. Bookings MABCC 01489 612495. § D613C When notified. § D613D When notified. § D701A-Y When notified. § Scottish Information on 127.275 MHz. Pre-flight information Range Control 01870-604449. § D701Z When notified. § D702 0800-1600 daily and as notified. § Inverness APP/Tower on 122.600 MHz when open, at other times Scottish Information on 134.850 MHz. Pre-flight information Range TSO 01313-108690. ‡†§ D703 0900-2200 Mon-Thu. Tain Range on 122.750 MHz when open. § Tain Range on 122.750 MHz when open; at other times 0900-1400 Fri and as notified. Scottish Information on 134.850 MHz. Pre-flight information Range ATC 01862-892185 Ext 4945. § D710 When notified sunrise to sunset Mon-Sat. § Scottish Information on 127.275 MHz. Pre-flight information Range Control 01397-436720. § D712A When notified. § Swanwick Military on 282.625 MHz. Preflight Information CRC Boulmer 01665 572312. § D712B When notified. Bookings MABCC 01489 612495. § D712C When notified. § D712D When notified. § D801 When notified. § Scottish Information on 133.675 MHz. Pre-flight information Range Control 01971-511242 when § D802 When notified. open; at other times Tain Range ATC 01862-892185 Ext 4945. § D803 When notified. § D809(N) When notified. § Scottish Information on 133.675 MHz. Preflight Information CRC Boulmer 01665 572312. § D809(C) When notified. Bookings MABCC 01489 612495. § D809(S) When notified.

Permanently Sited LasersCambridge University Visible beam is potentially hazardous to aircrew. Operator in contact with Cambridge Airport. Operational H24.MoD Porton Down Emitted light contained within range boundaries. Laser operations for short and sustained periods at various times of day and night.QinetiQ PershoreNERC Space Geodesy Facility Visible beam is potentially hazardous to aircrew. Operator extinguishes beam when aircraft are sighted in the vicinity. Laser operations are (Herstmonceux Castle) H24 throughout the year

University of Hertfordshire Visible beam is potentially hazardous to aircrew. System extinguishes beam when aircraft are observed by radar with +/- 15 degrees of the vertical position. Operational H24.

Prohibited Areas - All have EG as the national prefixP611 Coulport/FaslaneP813 Dounreay

Restricted Areas - All have EG as the national prefixR002 Devonport Flight permitted by a helicopter for the purpose of landing at or taking off from Weston Mil (WML) Helicopter Landing Site (HLS) and Ships within HM Naval Base with the permission of FOST/Plymouth Military Radar and in accordance with any conditions to which permission is subject.

R610A Highlands R610B R610C R610D aircraft. Clearance for emergency service aircraft will be given by Scottish Area Control Centre in conjunction with the LFBC and the Aeronautical Rescue Co-ordination Centre. R612 Arbroath Flight permitted providing ATC RAF Leuchars (see ENR 1.6, para 4.1.6 for frequency) confirm no intended balloon activity at the time that aircraft is expected to be over R612. Activity status confirmed: 01334 838722, this information will remain valid for five and a half hours from the time of the telephone call.

Air To Air Refuelling AreasAREA 1 Active when notified Information: Swanwick (Mil) AREA 8 Permanently available Information: Swanwick (Mil)AREA 2 Permanently available Information: Swanwick (Mil) AREA 9 Permanently available Information: Swanwick (Mil)AREA 3 Permanently available Information: Swanwick (Mil) AREA 10 (E&W) Active when notified Information: Swanwick (Mil)AREA 4 Permanently available Information: Swanwick (Mil) AREA 11 Active when notified Information: Swanwick (Mil)AREA 5 Permanently available Information: Swanwick (Mil) AREA 12 Active when notified Information: Swanwick (Mil)AREA 6 Permanently available Information: Swanwick (Mil) AREA 13 Active when notified Information: Swanwick (Mil)AREA 7 Permanently available Information: Swanwick (Mil) AREA 14 Active when notified Information: Swanwick (Mil)Note 1: (R) Receiver. (T) Tanker.Secondary A/A TACAN channels are the reverse of the primary channels. Note 2: Swanwick (Mil); crews are strongly encouraged to file a Flight Plan; Swanwick (Mil) Flight Plan address EGZYOATT. Failure to file a Flight Plan may result in delays.Note 3: Discrete Frequencies for AAR towline use are Primary 264.125, Secondary 264.925 and Tertiary 362.100.Note 4: AARA 10 East and AARA 10 West. AARA 10 East is only available for Tanker-Trails routeing from UK to foreign destinations or vice versa. ARA 10 West is positioned clear of the main North/South Axis routes (U)N862/864 and UN22 and is available for routine AAR sorties in UK. As AARA 10 and AARA 11 overlap, Tanker Plans will ensure that reservations are deconflicted either by time or by use of different altitude reservations.Note 5: AARA 13. Flight trial profiles may dictate that the RV takes place outside AARA 13. It remains the responsibility of theTanker Controller to co-ordinate with other airspace users as necessary.Note 6: In areas designated as permanently available for Air-to-Air Refuelling, the amount of warning concerning refuelling operations can be so minimal as to preclude notification by normal methods. Note 7: Where Air-to-Air Refuelling Areas conflict with airways, advisory routes or upper air routes, civil/military co-ordination procedures are applied to minimise disruption to the planned flight profiles or the aircraft concerned.Note 8: Where Air-to-Air Refuelling Areas are required between FL195 and FL245 outside the normal hours of TRAs 001-008 (See ENR 5.2-2/3), the appropriate TRAs are booked via the MABCC before 1100 hours at D-1.

High Intensity Radio Transmission AreasAreas of interference with communications and navigational equipment.The following areas are subject to additional warnings:-Fylingdales Aircraft should not remain for more than one minute within 1.5NM radius up to 8000FT ALT.

Bird SanctuariesIsle of May Permanent (peak activity Apr-Sep) Martin Mere Permanent (peak activity Sep-Mar).Hilbre Islands Permanent Gibraltar Point PermanentEstuary area north-east of Brancaster Permanent Coast north of Holkham PermanentCoast north of Holme-next-the-sea Permanent Blakeney Point PermanentMinsmere Permanent Havergate PermanentOtmoor Permanent Severn Mid Sep-early AprLangstone Harbour Permanent Pagham Harbour Permanent Chesil North Permanent Lakenheath Fen May-Jul and Oct-Feb.

Small Arms RangesCertain small arms ranges may constitute a hazard to aircraft at or below 500FT AGL (Langport is 750FT AGL; Fort Le-Marchant is 500FT AGL, OCNL 1500FT AGL by NOTAM; Wyvis is by NOTAM). The centre of a circle of hazard around these ranges is shown on the chart as . A range safety radius in excess of 1000 metres is shown as a circle on the chart, within the limit of accuracy imposed by the chart scale. Full details are listed in the UK AIP ENR 5-3.

Gas Venting SitesSevere turbulence and power fluctuations in turbine engines could be experienced over gas venting sites during venting of natural (methane) gas under high pressure. Pilots are advised to avoid flying below the altitude and within the boundary of the areas shown on the chart.

Military Training AreasEast Anglian MTA Area A Mon-Fri 0830-2300, Fri 0830-1800 UTCNorth Wales MTA (North) Low: Mon-Thu 0800-1800, Fri 0800-1700 Winter; Mon-Fri 0700-1700 Summer; Winter/Summer, Sat-Sun occasional use subject to NOTAM action. High: When notified.North Wales MTA (South) Low: Mon-Thu 0900-1800 Fri 0900-1700 Winter; Mon-Fri 0800-1700 Summer; Winter/Summer, Sat-Sun occasional use subject to NOTAM action. High: When notified.

Transponder Mandatory Zones (TMZ)

Radio Mandatory Zones (RMZ)

Not permanently active. Activation times promulgated via NOTAM.When active, entry of non-participating aircraft is prohibited unless flying with an authorisation given by the Low-Flying Operations Flight (LFOF) at RAF Wittering 01780-416001. In the event of an emergency which requires airborne assistance the HRA will be cleared of military low flying

Scheduled Notified

CHANGE (11/18): D044, D141 LYDD FREQUENCY AMENDED. D129 OXFORD APPROACH FREQUENCY.