Characteristics of Characteristics of Living ThingsLiving Things
Characteristics of Living Characteristics of Living ThingsThings
1.1. Made of CellsMade of Cells
unicellular vs.. multicellularunicellular vs.. multicellular
Red Blood cells Onion skin epidermal cells Human cheek cells
Characteristics of Living ThingsCharacteristics of Living Things
2. 2. Grows and developsGrows and develops
Increase in cell size and/or numberIncrease in cell size and/or number
IncludesIncludes: development, aging, death: development, aging, death
DifferentiationDifferentiation – cell specialization – cell specialization for a certain for a certain
jobjob
Characteristics of Living ThingsCharacteristics of Living Things
3. 3. Obtains & uses EnergyObtains & uses Energy
Metabolism (sum of all chemical Metabolism (sum of all chemical reactions)reactions)
AnabolismAnabolism- simple to complex- simple to complex((buildbuild –up rxns.) –up rxns.)
CatabolismCatabolism – complex to simple – complex to simple((breakbreak-down rxns.)-down rxns.)
Heterotrophic (other feeding) Heterotrophic (other feeding) vs. autotrophic (self-feeding)vs. autotrophic (self-feeding)
Characteristics of Living ThingsCharacteristics of Living Things
4. 4. ReproducesReproduces
two kinds of reproduction:two kinds of reproduction:
- asexual – takes one- asexual – takes one
to make moreto make more
- sexual – takes two- sexual – takes two
Characteristics of Living ThingsCharacteristics of Living Things
5. 5. Responds to the EnvironmentResponds to the Environment
a. Movement – internal or a. Movement – internal or externalexternal
b. Irritability - ability to respond tob. Irritability - ability to respond to
a stimulusa stimulus
Examples of stimuliExamples of stimuli : sight, sound, : sight, sound, touch, touch, pressure, temperature, pressure, temperature, chemicals, color, chemicals, color, light, other?light, other?
c. Adaptabilityc. Adaptability
Characteristics of Living ThingsCharacteristics of Living Things
6. 6. Based on a universal genetic codeBased on a universal genetic code
DNA – determines the inherited DNA – determines the inherited
traits of every organism.traits of every organism.a.a.Asexual – offspring and parents have same Asexual – offspring and parents have same traits.traits.
b.b.Sexual – some variations. However, that Sexual – some variations. However, that species produces the same species.species produces the same species.
Characteristics of Living ThingsCharacteristics of Living Things
7. Maintain a stable internal 7. Maintain a stable internal
environment.environment.
Homeostasis!!!Homeostasis!!!
You will die with out it!You will die with out it!
TaxonomyTaxonomy
A. Definition = science of naming A. Definition = science of naming things & assigning them to groupsthings & assigning them to groups
TaxonomyTaxonomy
B. Why have a classification system?B. Why have a classification system?1. Single, universal name1. Single, universal name
2. Avoid confusion2. Avoid confusion
3. Understand how living things are3. Understand how living things are related to one anotherrelated to one another
TaxonomyTaxonomy
What are the FIVE common names of What are the FIVE common names of this animal?this animal?
TaxonomyTaxonomy
1.1. Mountain LionMountain Lion
2.2. CougarCougar
3.3. PumaPuma
4.4. (Florida) Panther(Florida) Panther
5.5. CatamountCatamount
Florida resident
Rocky Mountain resident
TaxonomyTaxonomy
¿¿Wouldn’t it be Wouldn’t it be confusingconfusing if we didn’t if we didn’t have a scientific name?have a scientific name?
FelisFelis concolorconcolor = scientific name of the = scientific name of the mountain lionmountain lion
GenusGenus speciesspecies
TaxonomyTaxonomy
C. Examples of classification systems:C. Examples of classification systems:
1. Dewey decimal system – library1. Dewey decimal system – library
2. Sections of store – music store2. Sections of store – music store
3. Periodic Table of elements - 3. Periodic Table of elements - ChemistryChemistry
4. Others?4. Others?
TaxonomyTaxonomy
D. Binomial nomenclatureD. Binomial nomenclature1.1. System of scientific namingSystem of scientific naming2.2. Developed by Developed by Carolus LinnaeusCarolus Linnaeus
(Swedish botanist) in 1750s(Swedish botanist) in 1750s3.3. Two part scientific name Two part scientific name GenusGenus and and
speciesspecies
4.4. Must be Must be underlinedunderlined or in or in italicsitalics5.5. In Latin (dead language of scholars)In Latin (dead language of scholars)
TaxonomyTaxonomyE. Example :E. Example :
HomoHomo sapienssapiens(wise man)(wise man)
1. Scientific name1. Scientific name for human beingsfor human beings
2. 2. HomoHomo = genus = genus (capitalized & (capitalized &
underlined)underlined)
3. 3. sapienssapiens = species = species (underlined, but NOT (underlined, but NOT
capitalized)capitalized)
TaxonomyTaxonomy
F. Definition of F. Definition of speciesspecies = =
1. 1. breed successfullybreed successfully viable, viable,
fertile offspringfertile offspring
2. 2. unique featuresunique features similar to others of similar to others of
same same speciesspecies
3. have 3. have similar DNAsimilar DNA to other species to other species
membersmembers
TaxonomyTaxonomy
G. 7 Taxa of living things ( taxon = G. 7 Taxa of living things ( taxon = group)group)
KingdomKingdom (kings)(kings) PhylumPhylum (play)(play)ClassClass (chess)(chess)Order Order (on)(on)FamilyFamily (fine)(fine)GenusGenus (green)(green)SpeciesSpecies (silk)(silk)
TaxonomyTaxonomy
H. Kingdom is least specific, largest H. Kingdom is least specific, largest groupgroup
I. Species is most specific, I. Species is most specific,
contains only one kind of contains only one kind of organismorganism
TaxonomyTaxonomy
J. An example:J. An example:
Kingdom Kingdom AnimaliaAnimalia
Phylum Phylum ChordataChordata
Class Class MammaliaMammalia
Order Order PrimatesPrimates
Family Family HominidaeHominidae
Genus Genus HomoHomo
Species Species sapienssapiens
K. Other Systems of ClassificationK. Other Systems of Classification
1.1. CladogramsCladograms
K. Other Systems of ClassificationK. Other Systems of Classification
2. Three Domain System2. Three Domain System
TaxonomyTaxonomy
L. ¿ What determines how somethingL. ¿ What determines how something
is classified?is classified?
1. DNA1. DNA
2. Structure2. Structure
TaxonomyTaxonomy
3. Embryology & development3. Embryology & development
TaxonomyTaxonomy
L. ☺L. ☺There are 6 kingdoms of living thingsThere are 6 kingdoms of living things
1. Archaebacteria 1. Archaebacteria 2. Eubacteria 2. Eubacteria 3. Protista3. Protista4. Fungi4. Fungi5. Plantae 5. Plantae 6. Animalia6. Animalia
TaxonomyTaxonomy
M. DefinitionsM. Definitions
Prokaryotic = does not have a Prokaryotic = does not have a
nucleus to nucleus to contain its DNAcontain its DNA
Eukaryotic – has a membrane–boundEukaryotic – has a membrane–bound
nucleusnucleus
TaxonomyTaxonomy
N.N. Unicellular UnicellularProkaryoticProkaryotic
1. Archaebacteria –ancient bacteria1. Archaebacteria –ancient bacteria2. Eubacteria – most bacteria2. Eubacteria – most bacteria
EukaryoticEukaryotic3. Protista – single-celled3. Protista – single-celled
O. O. MulticellularMulticellular
4. Fungi – e.g. mushrooms4. Fungi – e.g. mushrooms5. Plantae - plants5. Plantae - plants6. Animalia - animals6. Animalia - animals
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