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Chapter 18
The Urinary SystemThe Urinary System
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KidneysKidneys
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Renal cortex
Renal medulla
Renal columns
Renal pyramid
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal pelvis
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Blood vessels, nerves, and the ureter enter and leave the kidney from the:
A.renal pelvis.B.hilum.C.calyx.D.renal pyramid.
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Correct answer: B
Rationale:The renal pelvis, formed by the convergence of the major calyces, channels urine out of the kidney.The calyx collects urine leaving the papilla.Renal pyramids are the cone-shaped sections in the kidney.
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Renal circulationRenal circulation
Renal artery
Renal vein
Nephron
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Afferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Efferent arteriole
Peritubular capillaries
Vein
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Renal corpuscleRenal corpuscle
Bowman’scapsule
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Proximal convoluted tubule
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
Collecting duct
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What are the filtration units of the kidney?
A.Renal corpuscleB.GlomerulusC.NephronD.Renal pelvis
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Correct answer: C
Rationale: The renal corpuscle is part of the nephron.The renal corpuscle contains the glomerulus.The renal pelvis funnels urine out of the kidney.
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Urine formationUrine formationUrine formation involves three processes:1.Glomerular filtration2.Tubular reabsorption3.Tubular secretion
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Glomerular filtrationGlomerular filtration
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Regulation of GFRRegulation of GFR Glomerular filtration rate [GFR]
should be constant, despite changes in blood pressure.
If flow is too high, the body will lose excessive water and nutrients.
If flow is too low, tubules may reabsorb toxins.
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<View animation on "Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system">
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Tubular Tubular reabsorption and reabsorption and
secretionsecretion
<View animation on "Urine formation">
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Most sodium is reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate in the:
A.proximal convoluted tubule.B.distal convoluted tubule.C.collection duct.D.glomerulus.
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Correct answer: A
Rationale:The distal convoluted tubule and collection ducts reabsorb variable amounts of water and salt.In the glomerulus, water and small solutes filter out of the blood and into Bowman’s capsule.
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Hormones that affect the Hormones that affect the urinary systemurinary system
HORMONE EFFECT ON RENAL TUBULE
Aldosterone Reabsorbs: NaCl; H2OExcretes: K+
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) Excretes: NaCl; H2O
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) Excretes: H2O
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) Reabsorbs: CalciumExcretes: Phosphate
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Composition of urineComposition of urine Consists of 95% water; 5% dissolved
substances Reveals information about health of
kidneys and other organs
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Storage and elimination of Storage and elimination of urineurine
Ureter
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Urinary bladderUrinary bladder
External urinary meatusExternal urinary sphincter
Internal urethral sphincter
Trigone
Rugae
Detrusor muscle
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UrethraFemale Male
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UrinationUrination1. Stretch receptors send impulses to
spinal cord.2. Spinal cord sends motor impulses to
bladder.3. Pons can override impulses.4. The brain sends signals to contract
or relax sphincters.<View animation on "Micturition reflex">
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The triangular-shaped smooth area on the floor of the bladder is called the:
A.rugae.B.papilla.C.cortex.D.trigone.
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Correct answer: D
Rationale:Rugae are folds of tissue on the inside of the bladder.Papillae are the blunt points of the renal pyramids.The cortex is the outer zone of the kidney.
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