Chapter 5: Primates
Primate Video
Primate Characteristics
• After the video; what are primate Characteristics:
• _________________• _________________• _________________
Characteristics of Primates: Hands & Feet
• on hands/feet• Opposable thumb:_________• Partially opposable ________• _______ on all or some digits• Fingerprints: _____________
(not identifying)
Characteristics of Primates• Shortened snout• __________• Primates have great vision.stereo vision : Spot in back of eye .
Vision• All primates rely heavily on vision
– Color vision in .
– Point to Ponder: Why would this be an adaptive trait? (hint: think environment)_______________________________________
Stereoscopic vision
– Stereoscopic vision• Eyes in front of skull,
overlapping fields of vision• Accurate 3-D vision•
________________________________________
• ?________________________________________
I. Limbs & Locomotion
• Tendency towards _________________• But, primates utilize a number of types of
locomotion– Bipedal: _____________– Brachiation: __________– _________________– _________________– _________________
Question to Ponder
• Why are Human Feet different? _______________________________________
II. Diet & Teeth
• – most primates are generalized feeders eating a wide variety of foods
• Therefore, primates have a ______________________________
Four types of teeth: generalized for an omnivorous diet.
Diet & Teeth
• Although some primates prefer some food items over others, most_______________ __________________________________.– Some do eat meat (chimps & baboons)– Some are leaf specialists (Colobine monkey)
III. Senses & Brain
• ______________• __________ reduced• Complex brain
IV. Maturation and Learning
• As placental mammals, primates have relatively ________________________
• Also have _____ offspring, delayed maturation, ________________ than other mammals
• Greater ____________ on _______________
Ultimate mom video
V. Behaviors
• Tend to be ___________• _____________________ in behavior• Tend to live in ____________• In many primate social groups,
__________________________ – unusual among mammals.
•
Tool use
SURVEY OF LIVING PRIMATES
Three types of primates
• _________ (pre-monkeys)
• ________ (Old World and New World)
• _______
Geographical Distribution
Two Suborders
• _____________– Lemurs, Lorises, Tarsiers
• ________________– Monkeys, Apes, Humans
Lemur and Loris
____________________Greater reliance on _________ (long snouts)Mark territory with ____________________________________________________ & maturation
Lemurs
• _______________• Many ________ species
(diversified in absence of competing primates)
• Became _______ in other areas
Lemurs : Over 100 species• Range in size from 5”, 2 oz. to
+2’, 22 lbs• ________ lemurs are ________,
omnivorous• _________ lemurs are
_________, insectivores• Many forms are _______• Live in ______________
____________________
Lorises• Similar in appearance to __________• ______________________ (Sri Lanka, India,
SE Asia, Africa)• Survived by adopting _________________
– Competition avoidance with monkeys
Lorises• Slow, climbing
form of quadrupedalism• ______________ active
vertical _________ and leapers
• Almost _______________ _____________________
• Supplemented with __________________________
Tarsiers
• ______________• SE Asia• Mated pair• Diet: ______________
vertebrates they catch by leaping from branches
Anthropoids (monkeys, apes, H.s)– Generally ___________ body– Larger brains in absolute and relative size– Increased reliance on _________– Fully forward placed eyes; greater degree of color
vision– less specialized ____________– longer gestation; _____________; increased
parental care– More ___________________
Monkeys
• ~ ________ of all primates are monkeys
• Two types:– ___________– ___________
New World Monkeys
• Almost exclusively _________• New World monkeys are the only
monkeys with ________• _______________• __________• Two Groups:
– Callitrichidae– Cebidae
Callitrichids: Marmosets and Tamarins
• Tamarins
Tamarins: Endangered
___________ and Tamarins• Most _______
monkeys– Retain _____ instead
of nails– _______ rather than
single births – Family groups
• Mated pair• 2 males & 1 female• Males very much
involved in infant care
Cebids: New World Monkeys
• Larger than callitrichids• _____________• Diet varies with combo
of ________________• Flat noses
Cebids:
New
World
Monkeys
• Some examples are__________________• __________________________________•
____________________: Cercopithecines and Colobines
Cercopithecines: Baboons and Macaques
• ______________ than Colobines (eat leaves)• More _____________
– Cheek pouches to store food while foraging– Most found in ___________– Except the Japanese macaques
Colobines
• ____________• _________ monkey
exclusive to Africa• _________ found in
Asia• _________ in Borneo• http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=qFzVdfozISo&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1• http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=jtctipglPhA&safety_mode=true&persist_safety_mode=1
Hominoids (apes & humans)
• Super-family includes:– Less apes: _____________________________– Great apes:_____________________________– Humans (family Hominidae)
Hominoids: Our human ancestors
Gibbons & Siamangs
• Tropical SE_______• Extremely _________________________• ________ fingers• ___________ thumbs• Powerful shoulder
muscles
Gibbons & Siamangs
• Monogamous pairs• Lack of _______________________________________________• Males share equally in
child care• ____________ are very
territorial
Orangutans
• __________________• Almost completely ________• ______________ animals• Mainly ______________• Very large
– (males = _______, females = _________)
– http://animal.discovery.com/videos/orangutan-island-orangutans-walking-upright.html
http://animal.discovery.com/tv/orangutan-island/orangutan-island.html
Gorillas• __________ of living primate• Knuckle walkers• Exclusively _____________• Marked ________________• Males = ________, females ________.• __________---__: Silverback male & harem2• 2 species (____________________• _____________________) • Mountain gorillas : 620 left in the wild and
none in zoos.
Chimps
• Equatorial Africa• 2 species ( 5 groups )• Also_________________• Large social groups with no single,
dominant male• ________________, but not as
pronounced as gorillas and organutans.• ______________ (even will kill for
meat)
Bonobos• _______________are another species of
chimps• More arboreal, more_____________• Humans and chimps can have ____%
similar _______ depending on which nucleotides are counted and which are excluded: That’s still big, 5 million base pair difference!!!!!
Quiz
• http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/animals/mammals/apevsmonkey.htm
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