Chapter 2-2
Account Name
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.
Record of increases and decreases in a specific asset, liability, equity, revenue, or expense item.
Debit = “Left”
Credit = “Right”
AccounAccountt
An Account can An Account can be illustrated be illustrated
in a T-Account in a T-Account form.form.
SO 1 Explain what an account is and how it helps in the recording SO 1 Explain what an account is and how it helps in the recording process.process.
The AccountThe AccountThe AccountThe Account
Chapter 2-3
Double-entry Double-entry accounting system
Each transaction must affect two or more accounts to keep the basic accounting equation in balance.
Recording done by debiting at least one account and crediting another.
DEBITS must equalmust equal CREDITS.
SO 2 Define debits and credits and explain SO 2 Define debits and credits and explain their use in recording business their use in recording business transactions.transactions.
Debits and CreditsDebits and CreditsDebits and CreditsDebits and Credits
Chapter 2-4
Account Name
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.
If Debits are greater thangreater than Credits, the account will have a debit balance.
$10,000 Transaction #2$3,000
$15,000$15,000
8,000Transaction #3
Balance
Transaction #1
Debits and CreditsDebits and CreditsDebits and CreditsDebits and Credits
SO 2 Define debits and credits and explain SO 2 Define debits and credits and explain their use in recording business their use in recording business transactions.transactions.
Chapter 2-5
Account Name
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.
If Credits are greater thangreater than Debits, the account will have a credit balance.
$10,000 Transaction #2$3,000
Balance
Transaction #1
Debits and CreditsDebits and CreditsDebits and CreditsDebits and Credits
SO 2 Define debits and credits and explain SO 2 Define debits and credits and explain their use in recording business their use in recording business transactions.transactions.
$1,000$1,000
8,000 Transaction #3
Chapter 2-6
Chapter 3-23
AssetsAssets
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.
Normal BalanceNormal Balance
Chapter 3-27
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.
Normal BalanceNormal Balance
ExpenseExpense
Chapter 3-24
LiabilitiesLiabilities
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.
Normal BalanceNormal Balance
Chapter 3-25
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.
Normal BalanceNormal Balance
Owner’s EquityOwner’s Equity
Chapter 3-26
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.
Normal BalanceNormal Balance
RevenueRevenue
Normal Balance Credit
Normal Balance Credit
Normal Balance Debit
Normal Balance Debit
Debits and Credits Debits and Credits SummarySummaryDebits and Credits Debits and Credits SummarySummary
SO 2 SO 2
Chapter 2-7
Balance Sheet Balance Sheet Income StatementIncome Statement
= + -Asset Liability
Equity Revenue
Expense
Debit
Credit
Debits and Credits SummaryDebits and Credits SummaryDebits and Credits SummaryDebits and Credits Summary
SO 2 Define debits and credits and explain SO 2 Define debits and credits and explain their use in recording business their use in recording business transactions.transactions.
Chapter 2-8
Assets - Debits should exceed credits.
Liabilities – Credits should exceed debits.
The normal balance is on the increase side.
SO 2 Define debits and credits and explain SO 2 Define debits and credits and explain their use in recording business their use in recording business transactions.transactions.
Assets and LiabilitiesAssets and LiabilitiesAssets and LiabilitiesAssets and Liabilities
Chapter 3-23
AssetsAssets
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.
Normal BalanceNormal Balance
Chapter 3-24
LiabilitiesLiabilities
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.
Normal BalanceNormal Balance
Chapter 2-9
Owner’s investments and revenues increase owner’s equity (credit).
Owner’s drawings and expenses decrease owner’s equity (debit).
SO 2 Define debits and credits and explain SO 2 Define debits and credits and explain their use in recording business their use in recording business transactions.transactions.
Owners’ EquityOwners’ EquityOwners’ EquityOwners’ Equity
Chapter 3-25
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.
Normal BalanceNormal Balance
Owner’s CapitalOwner’s Capital
Chapter 3-23
Owner’s DrawingOwner’s Drawing
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.
Normal BalanceNormal Balance
Chapter 3-25
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.
Normal BalanceNormal Balance
Owner’s EquityOwner’s Equity
Chapter 2-10
The purpose of earning revenues is to benefit the owner(s).
The effect of debits and credits on revenue accounts is the same as their effect on Owner’s Capital.
Expenses have the opposite effect: expenses decrease owner’s equity.
SO 2 Define debits and credits and explain SO 2 Define debits and credits and explain their use in recording business their use in recording business transactions.transactions.
Revenue and ExpenseRevenue and ExpenseRevenue and ExpenseRevenue and Expense
Chapter 3-27
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.
Normal BalanceNormal Balance
ExpenseExpense
Chapter 3-26
Debit / Dr. Credit / Cr.
Normal BalanceNormal Balance
RevenueRevenue
Chapter 2-11
Expansion of the Basic EquationExpansion of the Basic EquationExpansion of the Basic EquationExpansion of the Basic Equation
Relationship among the assets, liabilities and Relationship among the assets, liabilities and owner’s equity of a business: owner’s equity of a business:
The equation must be in balance after every The equation must be in balance after every transaction. For every transaction. For every DebitDebit there must be a there must be a CreditCredit..
Assets Liabilities= Owner’s EquityBasic Equation
Expanded Basic Equation
SO 2 Define debits and credits and explain SO 2 Define debits and credits and explain their use in recording business their use in recording business transactions.transactions.
+Illustration 2-11
Chapter 2-12
Business documents, such as a sales slip, a check, a bill, or a cash register tape, provide evidence of the transaction.
Steps in the Recording ProcessSteps in the Recording ProcessSteps in the Recording ProcessSteps in the Recording Process
SO 3 Identify the basic steps in the recording process.SO 3 Identify the basic steps in the recording process.
Analyze each transaction
Enter transaction in a journal
Transfer journal information to ledger
accounts
Illustration 2-12
Chapter 2-13
Book of original entry.
Transactions recorded in chronological order.
Contributions to the recording process:
1. Discloses the complete effects of a transaction.
2. Provides a chronological record of transactions.
3. Helps to prevent or locate errors because the debit and credit amounts can be easily compared.
The JournalThe JournalThe JournalThe Journal
SO 4 Explain what a journal is and how it helps in the recording SO 4 Explain what a journal is and how it helps in the recording process.process.
Chapter 2-14
Journalizing - Entering transaction data in the journal.
JournalizingJournalizingJournalizingJournalizing
SO 4 Explain what a journal is and how it helps in the recording SO 4 Explain what a journal is and how it helps in the recording process.process.
Illustration: On September 1, Ray Neal invested $15,000 cash in the business, and Softbyte purchased computer equipment for $7,000 cash.
Account Title Ref. Debit CreditDate
Cash
R. Neal, Capital
Sept. 1 15,000
15,000
General Journal
Computer equipmentCash
7,000
7,000
Illustration 2-13
Chapter 2-15
Simple and Compound Entries
JournalizingJournalizingJournalizingJournalizing
SO 4 Explain what a journal is and how it helps in the recording SO 4 Explain what a journal is and how it helps in the recording process.process.
Illustration: Assume that on July 1, Butler Company purchases a delivery truck costing $14,000. It pays $8,000 cash now and agrees to pay the remaining $6,000 on account.
Account Title Ref. Debit CreditDate
Delivery equipment
Cash
Sept. 1 14,000
8,000
General Journal
6,000Accounts payable
Illustration 2-14
Chapter 2-16
A General Ledger contains the entire group of accounts maintained by a company.
The General Ledger includes all the asset, liability, owner’s equity, revenue and expense accounts.
The LedgerThe LedgerThe LedgerThe Ledger
SO 5 Explain what a ledger is and how it helps in the recording SO 5 Explain what a ledger is and how it helps in the recording process.process.
Illustration 2-15
Chapter 2-17
T-account form used in accounting textbooks.
In practice, the account forms used in ledgers aremuch more structured.
Standard Form of AccountStandard Form of AccountStandard Form of AccountStandard Form of Account
SO 5 Explain what a ledger is and how it helps in the recording SO 5 Explain what a ledger is and how it helps in the recording process.process.
Illustration 2-16
Chapter 2-18
Posting Posting – the process of transferring amounts from the journal to the ledger accounts.
PostingPostingPostingPosting
Illustration 2-17
SO 6 Explain what posting is and how it helps in the recording SO 6 Explain what posting is and how it helps in the recording process.process.
Chapter 2-19
Accounts and account numbers arranged in sequence in which they are presented in the financial statements.
Chart of AccountsChart of AccountsChart of AccountsChart of Accounts
SO 6 Explain what posting is and how it helps in the recording SO 6 Explain what posting is and how it helps in the recording process.process.
Illustration 2-18
Chapter 2-20
The Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process Illustrated
LO 6 Explain what posting is and how it helps in the recording LO 6 Explain what posting is and how it helps in the recording process.process.
Follow these steps:
1. Determine what type of account is involved.
2. Determine what items increased or decreased and by how much.
3. Translate the increases and decreases into debits and credits.
Illustration 2-19
Chapter 2-21
The Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process Illustrated
LO 6 Explain what posting is and how it helps in the recording LO 6 Explain what posting is and how it helps in the recording process.process.
Illustration 2-20
Chapter 2-22
The Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process Illustrated
Illustration 2-21
Chapter 2-23
The Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process Illustrated
Illustration 2-22
Chapter 2-24
The Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process Illustrated
Illustration 2-23
Chapter 2-25
The Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process Illustrated
Illustration 2-24
Chapter 2-26
The Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process Illustrated
Illustration 2-25
Chapter 2-27
The Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process Illustrated
Illustration 2-26
Chapter 2-28
The Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process Illustrated
Illustration 2-27
Chapter 2-29
The Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process IllustratedThe Recording Process Illustrated
Illustration 2-28
Chapter 2-30
A list of accounts and their balances at a given time.
Purpose is to prove that debits equal credits.
The Trial BalanceThe Trial BalanceThe Trial BalanceThe Trial Balance
LO 7 Prepare a trial balance and explain its purposes.LO 7 Prepare a trial balance and explain its purposes.
Illustration 2-31
Chapter 2-31
The trial balance may balance even when
1. a transaction is not journalized,
2. a correct journal entry is not posted,
3. a journal entry is posted twice,
4. incorrect accounts are used in journalizing or posting, or
5. offsetting errors are made in recording the amount of a transaction.
The Trial BalanceThe Trial BalanceThe Trial BalanceThe Trial Balance
LO 7 Prepare a trial balance and explain its purposes.LO 7 Prepare a trial balance and explain its purposes.
Limitations of a Trial Balance
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