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Chapter 17Revolution and Enlightenment
FLASH CARDS!
There are a lot of people in chapter 17. In
order to get a better jump on learning who they are and what they have done, you are
going to make flash cards.
ONE SIDE - the person’s name (normally just the last name is fine to know)
ONE SIDE - what they did and a picture to
help you remember.
Ptolemy Descartes
Copernicus BaconKepler Locke
Galileo Montesquieu
Newton VoltaireVesalius Diderot
Harvey Smith
BoyleRousseau
Lavoisier
WollstonecraftCavendish Welsley
Winkleman
SWBAT
-explain how the ideas of Scientific Rev &
the Enlightenment laid the foundations
for our modern views of rationalism and secularism
- identify how the Enlightenment thought
led some rulers to advocate natural
rights as equality before the law and freedom of religion
- identify what theories & movements lead to the formation of the American
Rev
Section 1 – Scientific Revolution
- scientists in middle ages used ancient
authorities (ex: Aristotle) for scientific knowledge
●Why did they change?
1) Learned Greek & started learning about Ptolemy, Archimedes, Plato
2) New technology led to new issues
ex: how much cargo could a ship
hold?
-telescopes, microscopes; printing press spread the word
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- Match the name of the person and what they did beside them...
- Everything is used ONCE…- Turn it over when you are done and wait for everyone else to be
done...
FAMOUS PEOPLE REVIEW!
(BW #1, 3/26/14)
Ptolemy Newton LavoisierBoyle
Copernicus Vesalius Cavendish GallileoKepler Harvey WinklemanA) named chemical elementsB) universal law of gravitationC) female astronomerD) volume of gas varies w/pressureE) geocentric universe
F) heliocentric universeG) critical of humans controlling natureH) observed terrain of planetsI) heart circulates blood/blood travels through bodyJ) dissected humans to find how body worksK) laws of planetary motion
●Astronomy research was very important● Ptolemy (2nd C. AD) developed Ptolemaic
view of universe; geocentric b/c earth was at middle
● Planets are in
Spheres & spin
w/in the spheres
● Earth DOES
NOT move
● God at end of
universe
Get ready for the…
SCIENTIFIC REVOLUTION!!!!!!!!!!
(@3:54)
Copernicus said this was too
complicated
●Proposed heliocentric universe
● Earth not at center
● Planets revolve &
Rotate around the
Sun
● Moon goes
Around the earth
●Kepler, a mathematician
●Made laws of planetary motion
● Sun at center, planets traveled in ellipses
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Galileo
●Used a telescope to see the terrain of
the planet
●Observed planets
were made of
material, not orbs
●Church ordered
him to stop b/c it
contradicted the
bible
Sir Isaac Newton
●Wrote Principia, which contained the three laws of motion
●Universal law of
gravitation – every
object in the universe is
attracted to every other
object by gravity
●Universe now seen as
●a “machine” that worked
●according to natural laws
●Middle Age medicine relied on findings
of Galen, who dissected animals; most findings were wrong
Vesalius – 1543, On Fabric of the Human
Body; based on
dissecting human bodies
● Still clung to WRONG
assumption that two kinds
of blood flowed in the body
- Match the person with their
thing…
- Everything is used ONCE…
- Turn it over when you are
done and wait for everyone
else to be done...
FAMOUS PEOPLE REVIEW!
(BW #2, 3/27/14)
Descartes Voltaire RousseauWesley
Bacon Diderot WollstonecraftLocke Smith Montesquieu
A) believed in deismB) founded MethodismC) tabula rasaD) said, “I think, therefore I am.”
F) three basic kinds of governmentG) demeaning women, like tyrannical monarch, was wrongH) in religion, attacked superstitions/supported tolerationI) created scientific methodJ) founder of modern economicsK) believed people wanted govt to protect them/govt must obey
Harvey (@5)
●Wrote In the Motion of the Heart and
Blood
●Observed experiments
● Heart started circulation
● Same blood flows in both
veins through entire body
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Boyle
●First to conduct controlled experiments
●Boyle’s Law – volume of a
gas varies w/the pressure
exerted on it
Lavoisier
●System for naming
chemical elements
●Women contributed to science,
most were overlooked
Cavendish
●Critical that humans could
control nature
Winkelmann
●Trained by an amateur, married
a famous astronomer
●Identified a comet; applied
for a job after husband died & was denied
●Scientific revolution influenced view of
humankind
Descartes
●Discourse on Method, “I think, therefore I am”
●Mind and matter are completely separate; scientists could view matter
●Reason is the chief source of knowledge
●Bacon
●Philosopher; believed people should
used inductive reasoning to learn about nature, not ancient authorities works
●Wanted to better mankind, not just one
discipline
●Created the scientific method, a system
for collecting & analyzing evidence
Section 2 – The Enlightenment
BW #3 – Look up and write a brief
description about each of the major ideas of the Enlightenment. Include people,
dates, major works, etc.
*Reason *laissez-faire
*Deism *natural law
*Religion tolerance *social contract
*Separation of powers *progress
What makes a rule or law reasonable?
BW #4 (4/3/14)
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●REASON was a favorite word during this time!
Locke
●Essay Concerning
Human
Understanding
●Tabula rasa –
blank slate; people
were molded by their
experiences
Philosophe – philosophers
●Were often writers, economists,
reformers
●Most were French
●Wanted to change the world using
REASON
●Each generation became more radical
Montesque
●The Spirit of Laws – what natural laws
govern politics and society?
●Found 3 basic kinds of governments:
●1) republics (small states)
●2) despots (large states)
●3) monarchies (medium) – GB
●Said GB had 3 branches: executives,
legislative, judicial & had separation of powers
Voltaire
●Known as a critic of Christianity and
belief in religious toleration
●Believed in deism – belief that God created the universe
Diderot
●Encyclopedia, or
Classified Dictionary
of The Sciences, Arts,
and Trades
(28 volumes!)
●Attacked religious
superstition and
supported toleration;
wanted social, political,
and legal improvements
●Looking for the natural laws of life led to the social sciences!
ECONOMICS
Adam Smith, founder
●If ppl could pursue economic self-interest, all would benefit; govt should stay out – laissez-faire
●Wealth of Nations; govt should do 3 things: protect country (army), defend citizens (police), and keep up public works (roads, bridges, etc.)
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Rousseau
●Discourse on the Origins of the Inequality of Mankind
● Ppl had laws & govt to preserve their property
●The Social Contract● Society agrees to be governed & must obey
certain will & laws; liberty is achieved by following what is good for most people
●Emile
●Education should foster natural instincts
●Believed education should foster natural instincts
Rights of Women
●Thinking changed a little, women became
more vocal
Mary Wollstonecraft
●A Vindication of the Rights of Women
●Argued that, like monarchs
ruling over subject was wrong,
demeaning women was wrong
●Said Enlightenment was for
ALL
●Enlightenment ideas were spread
through:
1) Books – in France, 300 published in 1750; 1600 in 1780
2) Magazines became fashionable
3) Salons – elegant drawing rooms (like a living room)
● Guests would come
in and talk about new
ideas
● Often hosted by
● women!
Religion in the Enlightenment
●Most were Christians, although Christianity was often attacked
●New protestant movement
Methodists● John Wesley; appealed to
lower class
● Many converted & gave
lower class a purpose &
community
● Stressed hard work &
● behaviors that led to
● contentment
BW #5 (4/16/14)
Describe the characteristics of an absolute ruler. How do you think these
would help you as a ruler? What do you
think about these characteristics as a subject?
17-3 = The Impact of the
Enlightenment
ART - secular & spiritual designs were
combined; rich detailexample: Church of the Fourteen Saints,
GER
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-Rococco emerged; emphasis on grace,
charm, gentle action;
graceful
curves; very secular;
enchantment
& enthusiasmex: work of
Antoine
Watteau
ex: Giovanni Battista Tiepolo
MUSIC
•Bach – Toccata and Fugue in D minor
•Handel – Messiah
•Haydn –The Seasons
•Mozart - Mozart Serenade No 10 In B Flat Major K 361 III Adagio
ENLIGHTENED ABSOLUTISM
-philosophes believed in freedoms, but believed those freedoms needed to be
protected by enlightened rulers who would:
-allow religious freedom-freedom of speech & press
-rights of private property
-nurture arts, science, eduation-must obey the law & enforce them
fairly
Were rulers enlightened?????????
BW #6 (4/21/14)
I will divide you into small groups and each group will take one of the following sections:
PrussiaAustria
Russia
On the smart board, you will list the reasons you think your ruler WAS or WAS NOT
enlightened. You will also add this as BW,
so write down what you have! You have 10 minutes...GO!
War of Austrian Succession
-1740-1748-In Europe, Far East, AND North America
-ended w/a treaty that put almost everything
back!
Seven Years War
-1756-63 (+ 2 more w/FR/IN war...)-GB-v-FR over colonies
-Europe, North America, India
-Treaty of Paris; GB won a lot of land
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BW #7 (4/21/14):
Why do you think there were
two very wide spread wars
towards the end of the
Enlightenment period?
Works Sited●World History Text Book
●http://wouts.wikispaces.com/Renaissance+Telescope
●http://birthstory.net/2010/11/
●http://amazing-space.stsci.edu/resources/explorations/groundup/lesson/basics/g37/
●http://journosdiary.wordpress.com/
●http://9gag.com/gag/5333761
●http://www.tumblr.com/tagged/vesalius?before=84
●http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Harvey
●http://quotationsbook.com/quotes/author/photos/3257/
●http://www.crystalinks.com/boyle.html
●http://www.digischool.nl/kleioscoop/lavoisier.htm
●http://www.tumblr.com/tagged/margaret%20cavendish
●http://www.timerime.com/en/event/1545269/Maria+Winkelmann/
●http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/art-15455/Rene-Descartes-lithograph-19th-century
●http://book.filipinofutures.com/liberalism/two-separations-john-locke
●http://www.ibtimes.com/banned-books-top-10-quotes-552776
●http://imgur.com/OGO46
●http://imgur.com/g8Uz8
●http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft
●http://humanexperience.stanford.edu/supere
●http://www.jdgreear.com/my_weblog/2013/01/wisdom-for-your-weekend-11113.html/john-wesleys-heart-strangely-warmed
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