Chapter 16
Persuasive Speaking
The nature of persuasive speeches• Persuasive Speeches attempt to influence
audience members
Incorporating persuasive strategies:Relate main and supporting points to
your audience
• If you can relate your message to your listener’s various needs, you are more likely to persuade them.
The nature of a persuasive speech:Fact, value, or policy claims
Organize your persuasive speech:
• Use a Causal pattern in which one main point causes another.
• Example: – Thesis: Fast-food restaurants are a significant
cause of health problems in the United States.
Organize your persuasive speech:
• Use a comparison pattern when you want to claim that two things are similar or different.
• Example:– Thesis: There are
significant differences between the two candidates for the legislature in our district.
Organize your persuasive speech:
• Use a categorical pattern when each main point reflects a different reason that you believe your fact claim is true.
• Example:– Thesis: The earth is
experiencing global warming.
Organize your persuasive speech:
• Use a criteria-application pattern when one point establishes standards for the value judgment you make and the next point applies it to your thesis.
• Example:– Thesis: Community service
is a valuable part of the college experience.
Organize your persuasive speech:Value claims
• Use a categorical pattern when listeners understand each point’s relevance to the claim, making it unnecessary for you to explain how each main point supports your value judgment.
• Example:– Thesis: Advanced driver-training courses are
beneficial.
Organize your persuasive speech:Policy claims
• Use a motivated sequence pattern that uses the following five steps:– Attention– Need– Satisfaction– Visualization– Action
Organize your persuasive speech:Policy claims
• Use a problem-cause-solution pattern that consists of the following three points:– Present the problem.– Demonstrate how the
existing organizational or institutional policies will not solve it.
– Present a solution to minimize the problem.
Organize your persuasive speech:Policy claims
• Use a comparative advantage format to persuade listeners that your proposal would be better than the status quo, although a policy change is not urgent.– The first point on your outline reveals your
solution.– Each subsequent point details an advantage
of your solution.
Chapter 17Methods of persuasion
Methods of persuasion: Introduction
• To influence your audience’s attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors, you should focus on three persuasive skills in your presentation:
• ethos (establishing her credibility as a speaker)
• logos (presenting sound reasoning behind her claims)
• pathos (using emotional appeals)
Logos (facts and reasoning):Avoid fallacies!!
• Reasoning is faulty when link between claim and supporting material is weak.
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