1.Dissacharides by Karen Timberlake-voice of Dr Rob Craig by DrRobiAwesome Question 15.42 To 15.55 Amylose and amylopectin Maltose-diase Lactose-lactase Sucrose sucrase Polysaccharides-blood types Chapter 16

2. Chapter 23 2 Periodic Acid Cleavage Periodic acid cleaves vicinal diols to give two carbonyl compounds. Separation and identification of the products determine the size of the ring. => 3. Topics missed Epimerization Enediol Rearrangement 4. Chapter 23 4 Epimerization In base, H on C2 may be removed to form enolate ion. Reprotonation may change the stereochemistry of C2. => 5. Chapter 23 6 Enediol Rearrangement In base, the position of the C=O can shift. Chemists use acidic or neutral solutions of sugars to preserve their identity. => 6. Chapter 23 8 Oxidation by Bromine Bromine water oxidizes aldehyde, but not ketone or alcohol; forms aldonic acid. => 7. Begin here after chapter 15 h.w 8. Chapter 23 10 Disaccharides Three naturally occurring glycosidic linkages: 1-4 link: The anomeric carbon is bonded to oxygen on C4 of second sugar. 1-6 link: The anomeric carbon is bonded to oxygen on C6 of second sugar. 1-1 link: The anomeric carbons of the two sugars are bonded through an oxygen. => 9. Chapter 23 12 Cellobiose Two glucose units linked 1-4. Disaccharide of cellulose. A mutarotating, reducing sugar. => 10. Chapter 23 14 Maltose Two glucose units linked 1-4. => 11. Chapter 23 16 Lactose Galactose + glucose linked 1-4. Milk sugar. => 12. Chapter 23 18 Sucrose Glucose + fructose, linked 1-1 Nonreducing sugar => 13. Chapter 23 21 Cellulose Polymer of D-glucose, found in plants. Mammals lack the -glycosidase enzyme. => 14. Chapter 23 23 Amylose Soluble starch, polymer of D-glucose. Starch-iodide complex, deep blue. => 15. Chapter 23 25 Amylopectin Branched, insoluble fraction of starch. => 16. Chapter 23 27 Glycogen Glucose polymer, similar to amylopectin, but even more highly branched. Energy storage in muscle tissue and liver. The many branched ends provide a quick means of putting glucose into the blood. => 17. Chapter 23 29 Ribonucleosides A -D-ribofuranoside bonded to a heterocyclic base at the anomeric carbon. => 18. Chapter 23 31 Nucleic Acids Polymer of ribofuranoside rings linked by phosphate ester groups. Each ribose is bonded to a base. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) =>